AKK 5.1
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Transcript of AKK 5.1
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Name : Muhammad Sudrajad
NIM : 101211133048
Class : IKM-B 2012
The definition and the scope of organization
The definition of an organization is a socialunit of people, systematically
structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a
continuingbasis. All organizations have amanagementstructure that determines
relationshipsbetweenfunctions andpositions,and subdivides and delegatesroles,
responsibilities, andauthority to carry out defined tasks.Organizations areopen
systems in that they affect and are affected by the environment beyond their
boundaries.
The historical development of an organization is divided into the
organization in prehistoric times, and especially in the era of history the 20th
century, and the modern organization like at the moment. Based on the
periodicity, there are three theories, that are classic theory, neoclassic theory, and
modern theory.
The scope of an organization meaning organization is a detailed
arrangement and coordination. To design and conduct of an organization would
have to understand the scope of the organization. The scope of the organization
include: definition of organization, theory of organization, principle of
organization, kind of organization, structure of organization, and the culture of
organization.
The theory of organization
Organization theory is divided into two, there is closed theory which
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/unit.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structured.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/goal.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/continuing.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/management.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/relationship.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/function.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/roles.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/responsibility.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/authority.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/task.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/open-system.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/open-system.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/environment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/environment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/open-system.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/open-system.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/task.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/authority.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/responsibility.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/roles.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/position.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/function.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/relationship.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structure.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/management.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/continuing.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/goal.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structured.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/unit.html -
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considers that an organization run by elements of the organization itself without
any involvement from outside the organization. Once again there is open theory,
this theory states that in organizations, social factors affect the employees and the
organization itself.
Principle of organization
To achieve the goal of an organization the organization must have a
principle. The principle of organization provides instructions to create efficiency
and effectiveness of the organizational structure. So that all the actors in the
organization better understand and know what the objectives within the
organization. This the principle of organization from Henry fayol. There are
division of labor, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction,
prioritizing the public interest rather than private interests, give salary,
centralization, hierarki, orderly, justice, staff stabilization, initiative, and corps
spirit.
The kind of organization
Type of organization based on legality, consist of:
a. Formal organization is an organization that is officially organized, haveclear goals, and have the deed of establishment.
b. Informal organization based on interrelatedness and mutual trust.c. Non formal organization is the organization formation process occurs
spontaneously, but every individual of the organization has a formal
similarity and relatedness.
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Based on the purpose of organization
Base
d on the structure there are vertical and horizontal organization.
Structure of organization
The organizational structure is shaped to a system of cooperation between
individuals and groups work well because there is division of labor, duties,
obligations, responsibilities, and authorities of each person in it. Basic
organizational structure proposed by Mintzberg
ORGANISASI BISNIS ORGANISASI PUBLIK
Laba Non Laba
Kebijakan pengelola didasari
keinginan untuk dipilih kembali
Didasari motif mendapatkan laba
Memperoleh uang dari pembayar
pajak
Mendapat sebagian uangnya dari
pelanggan
Bersifat demokratis dan terbuka Berpedoman pada hokum pasar
Misinya melakukan kebaikan,
dengan adanya pertimbangan moral
Konsep untung- rugi
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Six Kinds of organizational structure. There are line organization, line and staff
organization, functional organization, project organization, matrix organization,
organizations division.
Principles of organizational development
The purpose of Organizational Development
1. Creating a harmonious working relationship between the leadership with the
staff members of the organization.
2. Creating the ability to solve problems in a more open organization.
3. Creating openness in communication.
4. Build a more effective organization that will continue to learn, adapt and
improve.
Organizational Development Process
1. Initial diagnosis is a process to collect information about the problems thatexist in the company.
2. Data collection is done by survey.
3. Data feedback is done by creating a working group then gathered to
review the data that has been collected to establish the priorities that need
to be changed.
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4. Action planning and problem solving is the act of using existing data to
develop specific recommendations for change. Discussions focused on the
real problem in the organization.
5. Using action planning intervention once completed
6. Evaluate and follow up
Assumptions Underlying Organizational Development
There are organization, human resources, output, relations with the external
environment.
The behavior of organization
The organization is a container within which consists of a group of people
working together to achieve a goal. Organisasion behavior is an applied
behavioral science that is built on contributions from a number of behavioral
disciplines. So some areas of behavioral science knowledge to be part of this
organization, the psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and
political science. Studying the behavior of organizations that provide benefits to
the human ability to appreciate one's behavior in the organization, to determine
the state of the organization, and to unite members to achieve organizational
goals. In practice, organizational behavior consists of three levels or the level of
individuals, groups and organizations. Levels of organizational behavior as shown
below,
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Differences in Organizational Behavior Models
Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial
Dasar
Model
Kekuasaan Sumber daya
ekonomi
Kepemimpin-
an
Kemitraan
Orientasi
manajerial
Wewenang Uang Dukungan Kerja sama
Orientasi
karyawan
Ketaatan Keamanan dan
keuntungan
Kinerja Bertanggung
jawab
Hasil kerja
psikologis
Keter-
gantungan
pada atasan
Ketergantunga
n pada
organisasi
Partisipasi Disiplin diri
Kebutuhan
karyawan
terpenuhi
Penghidupan Keamanan Status dan
pengakuan
Aktualisasi diri
Hasil Minimal Kerja sama Terbangunny Antusiasme
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kinerja pasif a pergerakan moderat
Organizational culture
organizational culture is a value or a way of thinking in an organization
that can affect the organization. As well as the culture of the organization is also a
distinctive identity that differentiates one organization to another organization,
even the culture of the organization is also the belief of everyone in the
organization will be ideological identity that can strengthen both organizations
into existence as a binder or node organization and out as well as identity ability
to adapt to different situations and conditions that can harm or benefit the
organization.
Type of Organizational Culture
The Functions of Organizational Culture
With the culture of the organization is to understand the values, invested, and
committed by organizational culture organizations to provide benefits that are
good for running an organization in order to continue to run a productive and
positive developments every day.
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Formation of cultural organization
The stage of formation or development of organizational culture can be
identified as follows:
1. A (usually the founder) came up with the idea or the idea of a new venture.
2. Founder brings some key people who are thinkers, and creating a core group
who have the same vision as the founders.
3. The core group began a series of actions to create the organization, raise funds,
determine the type and place of business, and others - others relevant.
4. People - people brought into the organization to work together - with founder
and core group, started a history together.
Cultural and organizational effectiveness
As mentioned above organizational culture is a system of values, norms or
rules, philosophies, beliefs and attitudes (behaviors) adopted with the members
(employees) that influence patterns of work and patterns of organizational
management. While the level of precision of the organization is the level of
accuracy of an organization in achieving its goals or something to be desired with
activities utilizing existing resources.
Issues related to culture and organizational effectiveness. Team work usually
influence by the culture from each person in its group. The value of the culture
can measured by Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI).