AIS 130_ch1

Topic 1 Topic 1 Topic 1 Topic 1

Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to ComputersIntroduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers

Chapter 1 ObjectivesChapter 1 ObjectivesChapter 1 ObjectivesChapter 1 Objectives

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Define the term, computerDefine the term, computer

Identify the componentsof a computer

Identify the componentsof a computer

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers

Distinguish between system software and application software

Distinguish between system software and application software

Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers

Identify the elements of an information system

Identify the elements of an information system

A World of ComputersA World of ComputersA World of ComputersA World of Computers

�What is computer literacy?

p. 5-6 Fig. 1-1

� Knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses

� Computers are everywhere: at work, at school

and at home.

� How is a computer defined?

What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?

p. 6

Produces and stores

results

� Electronic device operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into

informationinformation

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Accepts datadata

Unprocessed items, raw facts, figures, and symbols

What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?What Is a Computer?

�What is the information processing cycle?

p. 6 Fig. 1-2

The series ofThe series ofThe series ofThe series of…………� InputInputInputInput� ProcessProcessProcessProcess� OutputOutputOutputOutput� StorageStorageStorageStorage� CommunicationCommunicationCommunicationCommunication

The Components of a ComputerThe Components of a ComputerThe Components of a ComputerThe Components of a Computer

What are common computer hardware

components?

printer

scanner

speakerPC camera

microphonedigital camera

system unit

keyboard

modem

speaker

monitor

mouse

p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3

Next


�What is an input device?

p. 7 Fig. 1-3

� HardwareHardwareHardwareHardware used used used used to enter to enter to enter to enter datadatadatadataand instructionsand instructionsand instructionsand instructions

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1


�What is an output device?

p. 8 Fig. 1-3

� Hardware that Hardware that Hardware that Hardware that conveys conveys conveys conveys information to one information to one information to one information to one or more peopleor more peopleor more peopleor more people

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1


�What is the system unit?

p. 8 Fig. 1-3

� Case containing Case containing Case containing Case containing electronic electronic electronic electronic components used to components used to components used to components used to process dataprocess dataprocess dataprocess data�The circuitry of the The circuitry of the The circuitry of the The circuitry of the system unit usually system unit usually system unit usually system unit usually is part of or is is part of or is is part of or is is part of or is connected to a connected to a connected to a connected to a circuit board called circuit board called circuit board called circuit board called the motherboardthe motherboardthe motherboardthe motherboard


�What are two main components on the

motherboard?

p. 8

Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Also called a processor

The electronic component that interprets and carries

out the basic instructions that operate the computer

MemoryMemory

Consists of electronic components that store

instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by

those instructions


�What is storage?

p. 8

Storage media

Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are stored

Storage mediaStorage media

Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are storedinstructions, and information are stored

Storage device

Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from a storage mediuma storage mediuma storage mediuma storage medium

Storage deviceStorage device

Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from Records and retrieves items to and from a storage mediuma storage mediuma storage mediuma storage medium

� Holds data, instructions, and information Holds data, instructions, and information Holds data, instructions, and information Holds data, instructions, and information for future usefor future usefor future usefor future use

The Components of a Computer

�What is storage media?

p. 7

USB Flash Drives

Memory Cards DVDs

CDsHard Disks


�What is a communications device?

p. 9

Hardware component that Hardware component that Hardware component that Hardware component that enables a computer toenables a computer toenables a computer toenables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, and informationand informationand informationand information

Hardware component that Hardware component that Hardware component that Hardware component that enables a computer toenables a computer toenables a computer toenables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, send and receive data, instructions, and informationand informationand informationand information

Occurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other satellites, and other satellites, and other satellites, and other transmission mediatransmission mediatransmission mediatransmission media

Occurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephoneOccurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,lines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other satellites, and other satellites, and other satellites, and other transmission mediatransmission mediatransmission mediatransmission media

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1

Used to shareUsed to share

Networks and the Internet

�A network is a collection of computers and

devices connected together

p. 8

ResourcesResources

Hardware

devices

Hardware

devicesSoftware

programs

Software

programsDataData To save

time

and

money

To save

time

and

money

InformationInformation


�What is the Internet?

p. 8 Fig. 1-6

� Worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of businesses, government agencies,

educational institutions, and individuals

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetbelow Chapter 1


p. 9 Fig. 1-7

� Why do users access the

Internet?

2. Information

3. Shopping

4. Banking and Investing

5. Classes

6. Entertainment

1. Communications

7. Download Music

8. Share Information


�What is the Web?

p. 10

A Web site is

a collection of

related Web pages

A Web site is

a collection of

related Web pages

A Web page contains

text, graphics, audio,

video, and links to

other Web pages

A Web page contains

text, graphics, audio,

video, and links to

other Web pages

You can share

information on a social

networking Web site

You can share

information on a social

networking Web site

� Billions of documents, called Web pages,

available to anyone connected to the Internet

A blog consists of time-

stamped articles in

a journal format

A blog consists of time-

stamped articles in

a journal format

A podcast is

recorded audio

stored on a Web site

that can be

downloaded

A podcast is

recorded audio

stored on a Web site

that can be

downloaded

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Social Networking Web Site below Chapter 1

Storage Communications

Advantages of Using ComputersAdvantages of Using ComputersAdvantages of Using ComputersAdvantages of Using Computers

p. 10

�What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed Reliability Consistency


� Computer operations

occur through electronic circuits. When data, instructions and

information flow along these circuits, they travel

at incredibly fast speeds

� The electronic components in

modern computers

are dependable and reliable because they

rarely break or fail

Speed

Reliability


� Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same results.

Computer generate error free results, provided the

input is correct and the instructions work (GIGO)

� A computer can transfer data quickly

from storage to

memory, process it, and then store it

again for future use

Consistency

Storage


� Most computer today can communicate with other computers.

Computer with this capability can share any

of the four information processing cycle

operations – input, process, output and storage – with another

computer or a user

Communications

Exam question – Nov 2005

� Computers are everywhere: at work, at school and at home. Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from a computer. People use computers in a variety of fields, including education, finance, government, travel and many more.

DISCUSS five (5) benefits of using computers

Disadvantages of Using ComputersDisadvantages of Using ComputersDisadvantages of Using ComputersDisadvantages of Using Computers

p. 5

�What are the disadvantages of using

computers?

Impact on

Labor Force

Violation of

Privacy

Health Risks

Public Safety

Impact on

Environment


� If records are not properly protected, individuals have found

their privacy violated and identifies stolen

� Although computer have improve the

productivity in many

ways and create an entire industry with

hundreds and thousand of new jobs, the skills of

millions of employees have been replaced by

computers

Violation of

Privacy

Impact on

Labor Force


� Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injures or disorders of

the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck and

back

� Computer manufacturing processes and computer

waste are depleting natural resources and

polluting the environment. When computers are

discarded in landfills, they release toxic materials and

potentially dangerous level of lead, mercury, and

flame retardants

Impact on

Environment

Health Risks


� Adults, teens, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal

information. Some users have fallen victim to crime committed by dangerous strangers. Protect yourself

and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious.

Public Safety

Exam question – Apr 2007

� Your seniors argued that computers

have a lot of advantages such as speed,

reliability and consistency. They asserted

that you should fully support the use of

computers in any circumstances for your

convenience. You do not agree with

them. Discuss.

Consists of a series

of instructions that

tells the computer

what to do

Consists of a series

of instructions that

tells the computer

what to do

Computer SoftwareComputer SoftwareComputer SoftwareComputer Software

�What is software?

p. 15

Also called a

program

Also called a

program

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Computer Programs below Chapter 1


�What is system software?

p. 15-16

Operating System (OS)

is a set of programs

that coordinates all

activities among

computer hardware

devices and allows

users to run

application software

Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)

is a set of programs

that coordinates all

activities among

computer hardware

devices and allows

users to run

application software

Utility Programs allow the user

to perform maintenance-type tasks

usually related to managing a

computer, its devices or its programs

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user

to perform maintenance-type tasks

usually related to managing a

computer, its devices or its programs

� Programs that control or maintain the operations

of the computer and its devices


�What is application software?

p. 16 Fig. 1-11

Presentation

Graphics

Spreadsheet

Database

Word

Processing

� Programs that perform

specific tasks for users

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1


�What is a programmer?

p. 18 Fig. 1-13

� Someone who developsapplication or system software� Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation

Javascript program

Resulting Internet application

Categories of Computers

p. 13

What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers

(desktop)Mobile Computers and

Mobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers

Personal ComputersPersonal ComputersPersonal ComputersPersonal Computers

�What are the two most popular series of

personal computers?

p. 19 Figs. 1-15–1-16

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1

� PC and compatibles

use the Windows

operating system

� Apple Macintosh

uses the Macintosh

operating system

(Mac OS)

Personal ComputersPersonal ComputersPersonal ComputersPersonal Computers

�What is a desktop computer?

p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15

� Designed so all of the components fit

entirely on or under a desk or table

Mobile Computers and Mobile Mobile Computers and Mobile Mobile Computers and Mobile Mobile Computers and Mobile

DevicesDevicesDevicesDevices

�What is a notebook

computer?

p. 20 Fig. 1-17

� Portable, small

enough to fit on your

lap

� Also called a laptop

computer

� Generally more

expensive than a

desktop computerClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 1



�What is a Tablet PC?

p. 21 Fig. 1-18

� Especially useful for taking

notes

� Resembles a letter-sized

slate

� Allows you to write on

the screen using a digital

pen



�What are mobile devices?

p. 21 Fig. 1-20

� Small enough to

carry in a pocket

� Internet-enabled

telephone is a

“smart phone”

� Handheld

computers, PDAs

and smart phones



�What is a handheld computer?

p. 21

Used

by mobile

employees such as

meter readers and

delivery people

Small

enough to fit

in one

hand

� An ultra personal computer (uPC) or

handtop computer



�What is a personal digital assistant

(PDA)?

p. 22 Fig. 1-20

� Provides personal organizer

functions

� Calendar

� Appointment book

� Address book

� Calculator

� Notepad



�What are smart phones?

p. 22 Figs. 1-21—1-22

A smart phone allows you to

send and received email

messages and access the Web

A smart phone is

an Internet-enabled

telephone that usually

provides PDA capabilities

Game Consoles

�What are game consoles?

p. 16 Fig. 1-19

Mobile computing device designed for

single-player or multiplayer video games

� Use handheld controller as

input device, a television

screen as output device

and hard disk, CDs, DVDs

and memory cards for

storage .

ServersServersServersServers

�What types of servers are there?

p. 23 Figs. 1-23–1-25

A server controls access to

network resources and provides

centralized storage

Mainframe Very powerful,

expensive computer that

supports thousands of

computers

Supercomputer The

fastest, most powerful, most

expensive computer. Used

for applications requiring

complex mathematical

calculations

Embedded ComputersEmbedded ComputersEmbedded ComputersEmbedded Computers

�What is an embedded computer?� A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product

p. 24 Fig. 1-26

Elements of an Information System

�What are information system elements?

p. 25 Fig. 1-27

� Hardware

� Software

� Data

� People

� Procedures

Summary of Introduction to Computers

The importance of computer literacyThe importance of computer literacy

The term, computerThe term, computer

The components of a computerThe components of a computer

The advantages and disadvantagesof using computers

The advantages and disadvantagesof using computers

System software and application software

System software and application software

Categories of computersCategories of computers

Elements of an information systemElements of an information system

Chapter 1 Complete

AIS 130_ch1

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