Airport Surface Incident Mitigation Strategy

ASIMS Sun and Fun 2009

Date: 4/23/2009

Federal AviationAdministration


Airport Surface Incident Mitigation Strategy


2•ASIMS Sun and Fun 2009

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OBJECTIVE

• ASIMS Goals• Background• Components• Stats• Common Factors• Prevention Strategies



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GOALS

• Reduce Surface Incidents at GA Airports

• Assure improved knowledge and understanding

• Achieve Support from Aviation Organizations



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BACKGROUND

• GA Runway Safety "Call to Action“

• FAASTeam Response ASIMS

• GA Risk Mitigation Effort



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COMPONENTS

• Collaborate with Industry

• Study Runway Incident Human Factors

• Implement ‘Everything Inside the Fence’

• Propose Additions to the PTS

• Develop New Products



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Collaborate with FAA Lines of Business

• CFI/DPE Initiative

• Office of Runway Safety (National and Regional)

• National and Local ATC personnel



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HF Study Regarding Runway Safety

• Identify typical runway incidents

• Categorize human factors common to runway incidents

• Incorporate this information into product development



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Promotional Campaign

• Signage identification

• Surface maps

• Operational planning

• Human Factors

• Situational awareness



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Additions to the PTS

• Emphasize critical nature of ground operations

• Incorporate ground operations as a primary phase of flight

• Establish standards for ground operation performance



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New Product Design

• Design of new products for FY09 and beyond

• DVD storyboards

• Airport specific awareness graphics, posters, brochures



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Is it about to happen?



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Stats

• 58% of all operations are GA

• 65% of all pilot deviations are GA

• 1 serious incursion every day

• Most happen during the day in good vis

• Pilot experience makes little difference



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We are not the only profession with embarrassing moments



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Some Errors

• Entered runway after acknowledging hold short instructions

• Taxied wrong route and entered runway• Crossed runway without clearance• Given position and hold instructions then

departed without clearance• Landed and departed without comm or

clearance• Given clearance to land on runway, landed on

taxiway



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Competition?



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COMMON FACTORS

Memory

• 7 unrelated items• Stress can influence• We remember what we want to remember• Future tasks are hard to remember



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COMMON FACTORS

Attention

• Focused attention allows us to filter out irrelevant info

• Too much attention to one thing can lead to error

• Brief the airport diagram• Remain alert even in familiar locations



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COMMON FACTORS

Communication

• Account for most runway incursions• Failure to readback• Blocked or stepped on comm• Accepting clearance of another aircraft• Misunderstanding instructions



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COMMON FACTORS

Fatigue

• Lack of sleep• Fatigue can lead to decreases in memory and

attention• Caffeine may be helpful in the short term …• 20 minute power naps may help• Take frequent breaks



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COMMON FACTORS

Teamwork

• Fail to coordinate/clarify• Don’t catch all readback errors• Forget• Recognize that it is a system problem not pilot,

ATC• Human cannot be eliminated just managed



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What can we do to mitigate the threat?

Communications• Think and listen first• Think about what you will say• Who are you calling?• Who are you?• Where are you?• What do you want or intent to do?• Use standard phraseology



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Communications• Be concise and precise• ID and write down all comm freqs• Check CTAF non-towered, other airports using

same freq• Listen to Approach Ctrl frequency• Understand ATC instructions?

Confusing instructions?



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Communications

Check with ATC if:• actual instruction are against expectations• waiting longer that 1-2 minutes• in a “position and hold”• the instructions don’t make sense• anytime you are unsure-never assume



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Communications• If in doubt ask, if unsure verify• Hold short instructions• Position and Hold instructions• Active runway crossings• Read back all instructions• Are you on the correct frequency?



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Communications• Two-way communication• Repeat heading, altitude, airspeed

Beware of• Similar call signs• Similar frequencies• Parallel runways• Intersection vs full length clearances



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Airport Familiarity• Review and use airport diagrams• Plan taxi routes• Know where you are• Know where you are going• Know how to get there• Unfamiliar airport environment-ask for

progressive taxi.



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DEN_Training.exe



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Cockpit procedures• Clean the windscreen• Remove charts from the windscreen• Use current charts and AF/D• Install see through sun visors• Use all lights (landing lights on runway)• Position 3 feet left or right of centerline• Sterile cockpit from engine start to cruise

altitude



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Cockpit procedures• Constantly scan outside the cockpit• Use all aircraft lights especially in low vis

conditions• Beware of fatigue in low vis conditions• Assign tasks to other crew members and

passengers• If lost contact ATC immediately



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Teamwork

We all need to get involved if we want to

effectively mitigate the increasing number of

runway incidents

ASIMS Sun and Fun 2009

Date: 4/23/2009



Thank you

for your attention

Airport Surface Incident Mitigation Strategy

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