Airport Modernization An Object Oriented Approach By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

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Airport Airport Modernization Modernization An Object Oriented Approach An Object Oriented Approach By By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd) Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

Transcript of Airport Modernization An Object Oriented Approach By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

Page 1: Airport Modernization An Object Oriented Approach By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

Airport ModernizationAirport ModernizationAn Object Oriented ApproachAn Object Oriented Approach

By By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

Page 2: Airport Modernization An Object Oriented Approach By Gp Capt JN Rampal, VSM (Retd)

AGENDAAGENDA

1. Introduction2. Airport : Some Definitions3. Airport : Functional View4. Airport : Stages of development5. NextGen Growth Options 6. A Peep in the future7. NextGen Growth : Generic Strategy8. Object Oriented Paradigm9. Example process architecture10. Modernization Plan approach11. Structure of Layered Plan12. Other Strategy Issues 13. Conclusion

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IntroductionIntroductionAn Airport is a complex set of assets , processes An Airport is a complex set of assets , processes and human resources. and human resources. To build efficient Airport operations, we need to To build efficient Airport operations, we need to bring together state of the art technology, project bring together state of the art technology, project management methodologies and the most management methodologies and the most talented people together.talented people together.This presentation is a brief description of the This presentation is a brief description of the issues involved in such an exercise.issues involved in such an exercise.

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Airport : Sample DefinitionsAirport : Sample Definitions

An Airport is a service point for air travel, for An Airport is a service point for air travel, for passengers and cargo.passengers and cargo.

ororAn Airport is a place where runways, dispersal An Airport is a place where runways, dispersal areas and facilities are provided which areas and facilities are provided which passengers and cargo can use.passengers and cargo can use.

ororAn Airport is an aggregation of real estate, An Airport is an aggregation of real estate, systems and people , which interact to create systems and people , which interact to create the air travel service.the air travel service.

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Airport : Functional ViewAirport : Functional View

Passengers and cargo go to the airport Passengers and cargo go to the airport because they need to be air transported.because they need to be air transported.

They use functionalities at the airport for They use functionalities at the airport for receiving the air transportation service.receiving the air transportation service.

The functionalities are provided using the The functionalities are provided using the assets , which are part of the airport assets , which are part of the airport installation : assisted by facilitators, who installation : assisted by facilitators, who manage the airport.manage the airport.

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Airport : Stages of Development Airport : Stages of Development (1) : Bare Bones(1) : Bare Bones

Initial Stage:Initial Stage: ( A few flights a day) ( A few flights a day)

RunwayRunwayA perimeter taxi trackA perimeter taxi trackFew parking bays, hangarsFew parking bays, hangarsAir traffic control (generally satellite to a major Air traffic control (generally satellite to a major airport)airport)Communication with area control onlyCommunication with area control only

[ No congestion in or just outside of airport][ No congestion in or just outside of airport]interruption by unwanted actions.interruption by unwanted actions.

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Airport : Stages of Development Airport : Stages of Development (2) : Getting Bigger(2) : Getting Bigger

Initial Growth Stage :Initial Growth Stage : ( Many flights a day, ( Many flights a day, multiple destinations)multiple destinations)RunwayRunwayMany taxi tracksMany taxi tracksAdd on parking bays, hangarsAdd on parking bays, hangarsAir traffic control (many functions added)Air traffic control (many functions added)Communication with many nodesCommunication with many nodes

[ Increased Complexity but still manageable. [ Increased Complexity but still manageable. Infrequent overloads and congestion caused Infrequent overloads and congestion caused deadlocks]deadlocks]

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Airport : Stages of Development Airport : Stages of Development (3) : Getting Rather Big(3) : Getting Rather Big

High Growth Stage :High Growth Stage : ( Large number of flights a day, ( Large number of flights a day, large number of destinations)large number of destinations)Add on Runway (wherever possible)Add on Runway (wherever possible)Many taxi tracks , cross runwaysMany taxi tracks , cross runwaysParking bays, hangars, wherever space available.Parking bays, hangars, wherever space available.Air traffic control (many systems and functions added)Air traffic control (many systems and functions added)Air ground and data Communication extensive Air ground and data Communication extensive

[ Complexity frequently defies manageability. Frequent [ Complexity frequently defies manageability. Frequent overloads and congestion deadlocks]overloads and congestion deadlocks]

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Airport : Stages of Development Airport : Stages of Development (4) : Too Big to Handle(4) : Too Big to Handle

Saturation Growth StageSaturation Growth Stage : : ( Very large ( Very large number of flights a day, multiple destinations)number of flights a day, multiple destinations)

Continuous operations with no empty slots Continuous operations with no empty slots between.between.Unable to add resources. Constraints seem to Unable to add resources. Constraints seem to unavailability at the right place at the right time.unavailability at the right place at the right time.Overload of information, but unable to use Overload of information, but unable to use information for taking decisions in time.information for taking decisions in time.Chaos.Chaos.

[ Complexity beyond manageable bounds. [ Complexity beyond manageable bounds. Perpetual overloads and congestion deadlocks]Perpetual overloads and congestion deadlocks]

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NextGen Growth : OptionsNextGen Growth : Options

Additional airportAdditional airport . Split load and keep using . Split load and keep using the same system design.the same system design.

oror

ModernizeModernize : Change over to a system which : Change over to a system which provides higher throughput . Device a new provides higher throughput . Device a new architecture to provide efficient operations architecture to provide efficient operations even with 90% utilization.even with 90% utilization.

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NextGen Growth : NextGen Growth : Option PredicamentOption Predicament

Even if we split load and have an additional airport, the traffic Even if we split load and have an additional airport, the traffic grows and imposes the modernization requirement on the grows and imposes the modernization requirement on the two sister airports. two sister airports.

(The rapid growth of air travel in India, today and in (The rapid growth of air travel in India, today and in the foreseeable future, underlines the the foreseeable future, underlines the tendency even more. tendency even more.

Why not leverage the current investment for higher Why not leverage the current investment for higher productivity with incremental investment ?productivity with incremental investment ?

So, Modernization is Hobson’s choice.So, Modernization is Hobson’s choice.

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Airport : A Peep into the FutureAirport : A Peep into the FutureNextGen Growth :NextGen Growth : ( Very large number of flights a day, to any ( Very large number of flights a day, to any

number of destinations)number of destinations)

Multiple Runways (weather and real estate permitting)Multiple Runways (weather and real estate permitting)Traffic planned taxi tracks, loops and branch-offsTraffic planned taxi tracks, loops and branch-offsGround space utilization planned & optimizedGround space utilization planned & optimizedMultiple level support facilitiesMultiple level support facilitiesAir traffic control (new architecture and processes)Air traffic control (new architecture and processes)Air ground and data Communication refurbishedAir ground and data Communication refurbishedProcess and automation added with the help of IT .Process and automation added with the help of IT .

[ Complexity very high, but always monitored and managed. [ Complexity very high, but always monitored and managed. Overloads and congestion deadlocks always avoided by pre- Overloads and congestion deadlocks always avoided by pre- emptive action]emptive action]

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NextGen Growth : Generic NextGen Growth : Generic Strategy (1)Strategy (1)

Saturation growth is the limit for current Saturation growth is the limit for current technologies of airport operations. NextGen technologies of airport operations. NextGen growth is possible only with a paradigm change.growth is possible only with a paradigm change.

The new implementations will be driven by IT, The new implementations will be driven by IT, automated (intelligent) systems and Object automated (intelligent) systems and Object oriented architecture concepts.oriented architecture concepts.

The system architecture will be top-down, The system architecture will be top-down, modular, flexible, predominantly automated, self modular, flexible, predominantly automated, self monitoring and continuously improving systems.monitoring and continuously improving systems.

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NextGen Growth : Generic NextGen Growth : Generic Strategy (2)Strategy (2)

Some other imperatives of NextGen ModelSome other imperatives of NextGen ModelIn synchronism with business/revenue and In synchronism with business/revenue and implementation models.implementation models.Flexible in terms of operational roleFlexible in terms of operational roleProcess and functionality drivenProcess and functionality drivenOpen system architecture to take on new Open system architecture to take on new technologies in futuretechnologies in futureIterative and controlled implementation, Iterative and controlled implementation, without undue disruptions in operationswithout undue disruptions in operations

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Object Oriented ParadigmObject Oriented Paradigm

The operations are aggregation of process flows, which The operations are aggregation of process flows, which are defined by use-cases, i.e. the way a user does a are defined by use-cases, i.e. the way a user does a particular thing. particular thing. [Operational process is firmly tied to actual [Operational process is firmly tied to actual operations].operations].The process flows comprise of execution of functionalities The process flows comprise of execution of functionalities by (intangible) entities called objects by (intangible) entities called objects [implementation with [implementation with the help of top down, flexible, scalable architecture].the help of top down, flexible, scalable architecture].The assets are embedded in object definitions. i.e. the The assets are embedded in object definitions. i.e. the asset usage is related to the function definition. asset usage is related to the function definition. [Helps in [Helps in optimum asset pool size and their balanced usage].optimum asset pool size and their balanced usage].

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Consequences of an Object Consequences of an Object Oriented ApproachOriented Approach

Top down flexible, scalable architecture.Top down flexible, scalable architecture.Implementation possible on an ‘Information Implementation possible on an ‘Information Technology’ foundation.Technology’ foundation.Efficient, real-time monitoring & control, Efficient, real-time monitoring & control, continuously improving capabilities.continuously improving capabilities.Cost effective both in terms of capital and running Cost effective both in terms of capital and running costs.costs.Possible to bring in new technologies and Possible to bring in new technologies and systems without disrupting operations.systems without disrupting operations.

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Operational Process : A Operational Process : A Representative ModelRepresentative Model

Operations ControlOperations Control------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|| | | | | Asset Asset Process Flow Process Flow Information InformationManagement Management ManagementManagement Management Management((Sharable asset Sharable asset

Allocation, and Allocation, and | | (Monitoring, (Monitoring, disbursementdisbursement

release)release) | | and control)and control) (contd) (contd)

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Operational Process : A Operational Process : A Representative ModelRepresentative Model

Process Flow managementProcess Flow management

|| | | | |

Thread 1 Thread 2 …….. Thread NThread 1 Thread 2 …….. Thread N Process flow Process flow Process flow Process flow Process flow Process flow arrival Departurearrival Departure Maintenance Maintenance || | | | |

{Object arrival {Object Information {Object arrival {Object Information { Object schedule { Object scheduleObject baggage Object baggage Object serviceObject baggage Object baggage Object serviceObject turnaround Object security Object turnaround Object security Object testing Object testingObject clearance Object customsObject clearance Object customs Object test flying Object test flying Object Information Object boarding Object certifyObject Information Object boarding Object certify……………………………….} Object departure.} Object departure Object schedule Object schedule ……………… ………………..} ..} ……………..}……………..}

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Modernization Plan ApproachModernization Plan Approach

Define current and projected capabilities (after Define current and projected capabilities (after modernization).modernization).Define OO architecture model. Define OO architecture model. Derive process flows and object functionalities.Derive process flows and object functionalities.Define ‘evolution path’Define ‘evolution path’Project plan.Project plan.Implementation and deployment.Implementation and deployment.

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Modernization Plan Modernization Plan FrameworkFramework

Layer 4 ApplicationLayer 4 Application ((process flow)process flow)

||Layer 3Layer 3 Objects build up Objects build up

( Assets, payload processes)( Assets, payload processes) ||Layer 2Layer 2 Information Information

Exchange frameworkExchange framework ||Layer 1 Physical Layer 1 Physical

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A Simple PlanA Simple Plan Define current and projected capabilitiesDefine current and projected capabilities ||

Object oriented parametric analysisObject oriented parametric analysis||

To do list (processes/objects/assets)To do list (processes/objects/assets)||

Layered plan (vertical 4 layer analysis)Layered plan (vertical 4 layer analysis)||

Horizontal partitioning for iteration definitionHorizontal partitioning for iteration definition||

Implementation (Iterative and staggered)Implementation (Iterative and staggered)||

System integration, harmonization, optimization, testing System integration, harmonization, optimization, testing andand

acceptanceacceptance||

Rework iterationsRework iterations||

Acceptance and deploymentAcceptance and deployment

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Other Strategy IssuesOther Strategy IssuesProject plan design could also dictated by other Project plan design could also dictated by other related considerations e.g. implementation related considerations e.g. implementation model (DBB, BOO, BOT), cash flows etc.model (DBB, BOO, BOT), cash flows etc.

External stakeholders e.g. ICAO , AAI, IAF, External stakeholders e.g. ICAO , AAI, IAF, MOCA etc may impose additional functionalities MOCA etc may impose additional functionalities and information exchange requirements for the and information exchange requirements for the airport operations.airport operations.

A modernization plan is generally a massive A modernization plan is generally a massive aggregation of many plans (ordered layer-wise, aggregation of many plans (ordered layer-wise, partition-wise, partitioned amongst vendors partition-wise, partitioned amongst vendors work-volume wise). In such cases, integration, work-volume wise). In such cases, integration, co-ordination and synchronization becomes an co-ordination and synchronization becomes an additional and critical part of the plan.additional and critical part of the plan.

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OO AdvantageOO Advantage• An OO system is highly amenable to computer modeling An OO system is highly amenable to computer modeling

and simulation, at all stages of implementation, We can and simulation, at all stages of implementation, We can run simulations to check efficacy of implementation, run simulations to check efficacy of implementation, problem areas before installing the system physically.problem areas before installing the system physically.Conversion of a conventional model to an OO model Conversion of a conventional model to an OO model would have immense advantage in the long term as the would have immense advantage in the long term as the complications start reducing. In the conventional asset complications start reducing. In the conventional asset building approach, the complications start mounting with building approach, the complications start mounting with the build up.the build up.The performance monitoring, analysis and upgrade being The performance monitoring, analysis and upgrade being a part of OO architecture, the improvement of a part of OO architecture, the improvement of performance is a part of airport capability. performance is a part of airport capability. The modular structure also makes it easy for introduction The modular structure also makes it easy for introduction of new technologies and systems.of new technologies and systems.Lastly, OO approach is a money saver in the long run Lastly, OO approach is a money saver in the long run and the best way to minimize and ameliorate operational and the best way to minimize and ameliorate operational risks.risks.

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ConclusionConclusion Object Oriented Operational Process implementation Object Oriented Operational Process implementation

are the enablers of next-Gen airport operationsare the enablers of next-Gen airport operations

Bissaj Advance Technologies can help to,Bissaj Advance Technologies can help to,

1.1. Provide technology and operations related Provide technology and operations related consultancy. consultancy.

2.2. Model/audit the airport operations process.Model/audit the airport operations process.

3.3. Advise on process/system architecture.Advise on process/system architecture.

4.4. Provide assistance to optimize implementation.Provide assistance to optimize implementation.