~IL-HOBK-1023/l29 JANUARy 1988SUPERSEDINGNAVFAC DFI-23.1JULY 1981

MILITARY HANDBOOK “

AIRFIELD LIGHTING

AMSC WA

DISTRIBUTION STATSMENT A. APPROVED mu PUBLIC RELEASE: DIsTRIBmION IsUNLIMITED

AREA FACR

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

ABSTRACT

This handbook contains design criteria for facilities and systemsin Category Code 136 and is intended for use by experienced architects anden8ineers. It covers the desi6n of high and medium intensity approachlight systems, and runway end identifier lishts, taxiway lighting, helipadlighting systems, apron, parking area, direct fueling station, andemergency portable lighting for airfield.

For the lightlng systems cited above, this handbook provideacriteria on the siting, configuration, equipment requirements, power andcontrol requirements, and installation ❑ethods to be employed in theirdeSign and construction. It alao provides information on compliance withinternational military atandarda to which the United States subscribes.

iii

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

FOREWORD

This handbook has been developed from an evaluation of facilities in theshore establishment, from surveys of the availability of new materials andconstruction methods, and from selection of the best deai8n practices ofthe Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), other Governmentagencies, end the private sector. This handbook waa prepared using, to themaximum extent feaaible, national professional society, association, andinstitute atandarda. Deviations from this criteria, in the planning,engineering, design, and conatructiona of Naval ahore facilities, cannot bemade without prior approval of NAVFACENGCOH HQ Code 04.

Design cannot remain static any more than can the functions lt serves orthe technologies it uses. Accordingly, recommendations for improvement areencouraged and should be furnished to Commander, Pacific Division, Code406C, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; telephone(808) 471-8436.

THIS HANDBOOK SHALL NOT BE USED AS A REFERENCE DOCUMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OFFACILITIES CONSTRUCTION. IT IS TO BE USED IN THE PURCHASE OF FACILITIESENGINEERING STUDIES ANO DESIGN (FINAL PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND COSTESTIMATES). DO NOT REFERENCE IT IN MILITARY OR FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS OROTHER PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS.

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

AILGG NV OA~ I LS

Criteria-

MIL-HDBK-1023/l Airfield Lighting ‘

DM-23.02 NaVigati0n81 and Traffic Aids

MIL-HDBK-1023/3 Aircraft Pavement and ObstructionMarking (Proposed)

r“;

M

PACDIV

WESTDIV

LANTDIV

Section 11.11.21.31.41.51.61.6.11.6.21.71.7.11.7.21.7.31.7.41.7.51.7.5.11.7.5.21.7.5.31.7.61.7.6.11.7.6.21.7.71.7.7.11.7.7.21.7.81.7.91.81.8.11.8.21.8.31.8.41.8.51.8.61.8.71.8.7.11.8.7.21.8.7.31.8.7.41.8.7.51.8.7.61.8.7.71.8.7.81.8.7.91.8.7.101.8.7.111.8.7.121.8.7.131.9

MIL-flDBK-1023/l

AIRFIELD LIGHTING

cof7rENTs

&

INTRODUCTIONScope................................................... 1Cancellation............................................ 1Requirements of Other Commands.......................... 1Definitive Designs...................................... 1International Military Standards........................ 2Operational Categories................................... 3Visual Flight Rules..................................... 3Instrument Fliuht Rules................................. 3General Design-Criteria.....................Light Fixture Mounting......................Cable and Installation......................Grounding System............................Frangibility and Accident-Avoidance ConatrucAirfield Li8htin8 Vaulta....................

. . . . . . . . . . . 3

........... 3

........... 4

........... 4ion........ 4........... 4

Life Cycle Coat &alyaia. ............................... 4Main Airfield Lighting Vault............................ 5Approach Lighting Vault................................. 5Emergency Paver......................................... 5Engine Generator......................................... 5Independent Pover Sourcea............................... 5Airfield Lighting Control............................... 5Control Voltages........................................ 6Control Circuitry....................................... 6Light Intensity......................................... 8Light Colors............................................ 8Qualifying Equipment.................................... 8Exiating Syatema........................................ 8Equipment Specificationa................................ 8Qualified Producta...................................... 9Commercial Equipment.................................... 9Alternativ eEquipment.................................. 9Emergency Substitution................................. 10Common Use Airfield Lightins Equipment................. 10Control Panels......................................... 10Pilot Relay Cabinets,.................................. 10Series Circuit Selector Switches....................... 10Control Tranafer Panels................................ 10Control Cables......................................... 10Current Regulator ..................................... 10Engine/Generators...................................... 10

Lighting Circuit Cables................................ 10

Connector .............................................Isolation Tranefomera ................................. ~~Mounting Bases and Transformer Housinsa................ 11Frangible Supports..................................... 11

Fixturea and Lampa..................................... 11

Preparation of Contract Specification. ................ 11

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Section 22.12.1.12.1.22.1.2.12.1.2.22.1.2.32.1.2.42.1.2.52.1.2.62.1.32.1.42.1.4.12.1.4.22.1.4.32.1.52.1.5.12.1.5.22.1.62.1.72.1.7.12.1.7.22.1.82.1.92.1.9.12.1.9.22.1.102.1.112.1.122.1.12.12.1.12.22.1.12.3

2.1.12.42.1.12.52.1.12.62.1.12.72.1.12.82.1.12.9

APPROACH LIG21TINGSYSTE212SHigh Intensity Approach Lighting System (ALSF-1)....... 12Description............................................ 12Configuration.......................................... 12Prethreshold Bar....................................... 12Terminating Bar........................................ 121000-Ft(300m) Bar....................................12Centerline Lights...................................... 12SequencedFlashingLights .... .......................... 12Threshold Lighting..................................... 14Fixtures............................................... 14Supports............................................... 14Frangible Supporta..................................... 14LIR Supports........................................... 14Semifrangible Supports................................. 14Approach Light Plane................................... 15Light Plane Penetrations............................... 15Light Plsne Adjustments................................ 15Viaibility Requirementa................................ 15Configuration Adjustmenta.............................. 15System Centerline...................................... 15Light Station Locationa................................ 15Installation Tolerancea................................ 16Electricc.lRequirementa................................ 16Substation............................................. 16Pover Requirements..................................... 16Control Requirementa................................... lgMonitoring............................................. lgEquipment Requirements................................. lgSemiflush Fixturea (White)............................. lgElevated Fixtures...................................... 18 ,Elevated Fixtures Over 6 Ft Above GroundLevel (AGL)............................................18Light Fixture Supports O.to6 FtAGL ................... 18Light Fixture Supports Over 6 Ft AGL................... lgRigid Supports for Fixtures Over 40 Ft AGL............. 20Isolation Tranaformera (1,500 W)....................... 20Sequenced Flasher Unita................................ 20Semiflush Sequenced Flasher Unita...................... 20

2.1.12.10 Approach Light Power and Control....................... 202.1.12.11 Additional.Design Guidance............................. 212.1.13 NAVFAC P-272 Definitive Design Drawings................ 212.1.13.1 FAA Specifications and Drawings........................ 212.1.13.2 Guide Specifications................................... 212.1.14 Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 212.1.14.1 ASCC................................................... 212.1.14.2 NATO......................................-.....-O----- 212.2 High-Intensity Approach Lighting (ALSF-2).............. 222.2.1 Description............................................ 222.2.2 Configuration........................................... 222.2.3 Other Design Conalderations............................ 222.2.4 Compliance with International Military Standards....... 22

MIL-HDBK-1023/1

2.2.4.12.2.4.22.32.3.12.3.22.3.2.12.3.2.22.3.2.32.3.2.42.3.32.3.42.3.4.12.3.4.22.3.4.32.3.52.3.5.12.3.5.22.3.62.3.72.3.7.12.3.7.22.3.82.3.92.3.102.3.112.3.11.12.3.11.22.3.11.32.3.11.42.3.11.52.3.11.62.3.11.72.3.122.3.132.3.13.12.3.13.22.3.13.32.3.142.42.4.12.4.22.4.32.4.42.4.4.12.4.4.22.4.4.32.4.52.4.62.4.72.4.7.12.4.7.22.4.7.3

ASCC................................................... 22UNTO.................................................... 22Medium-Intensity Approach Lights (f’lALSR)............... 22Description............................................ 22Configuration.......................................... 22Centerline Lights...................................... 2S1,000-Foot Cro8ebar.................................... 25Sequenced Flashing Ligate.............................. 25Threshold Lighting..................................... 25Fixtures............................................... 25Supports............................................... 25Frangible Supports..................................... 25LIR Supporta........................................... 26Semifrangible Supporta................................. 26Approach Light Plane........ ........................... 26Light Plane Penetrations............................... 26Permissible Deviations................................. 26Visibility Requirements................................ 26Configuration Ad@9tmenta... ........................... 27System Centerline...................................... 27Light Station Locationa................................ 27Installation Tolerances................................ 27Electrical Design...................................... 27Control................... ............................ 27Equipment Requirements................................. 29Semifluah Fixturea..................................... 29Elevated Fixtures....................................... 29Sequenced Flasher Units................................ 29Semiflush Flasher Units................................ 29Light Fixture Supports Oto6Ft AGL...................29Light Fixture Supports Over 6 Ft AGE.,................. 29Rigid Supports for Fixtures Over 40 Ft AGL............. 29Power and Control Equipment............................ 31Additional Design Guidance............................. 31Definitive Design Dravlnss............................. 31FAA Specificationa and Drawinsa........................ 31Guide Specifications................................... 31Compliance with International Military Standards....... 31Runway End Identifier Lights (Cat. Code 136-60)........ 31Description............................................ 31Configuration.......................................... 31Fixtures............................................... 33Orientation of Light Units............................. 33Unidirectional Syateme.................................33Omnidirectional Systems................................ 33Deviations............................................. 33

Power Requirements..................................... 33

Control Requirementa................................... 33Equipment Requirementa................................. 33Unidirectional Equipment............................... 33Omnidirectional Equipment.............................. 35Supports............................................... 35

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Ew.c

2.4.82.4.92.5

SECTION 33.13.1.13.1.23.1.2.13.1.2.23.1.33.1.43.1.53.1.5.13.1.5.23.1.63.1.73.23.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.3.13.2.3.23.2.43.2.53.2.63.2.6.13.2.6.23.2.6.33.2.73.2.83.33.3.13.3.23.3.33.3.43.3.53.3.5.13.3.5.23.3.63.3.73.43.4.13.4.23.4.2.13.4.2.23.4.2.33.4.2.43.4.33.53.5.13.5.2

Additional Deaign Guidance............................. 35Compliance with International Military Stande.rda....... 35Related Lighting Systems.... ............................ 35

RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMSHigh-Intensity Runvay Edge Lights (HIRL)............... 36purpose................................................ 36Location............................................... 36Elevated Lighta........................................ 36Smiflush Ftiturea..................................... 36Power Requirements..................................... 36Control Requirements................................... 36Equipment Requirements................................. 3gElevated Fixtures...................................... 38

Semiflush Fixtures..................................... 38

Additional Design Guidance............................. 38Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 38l’hreshbldLights (Cat. Code 136-60).................... 38purpose................................................ 38Basic Configuration.................................... 38Enhancement with Approach Lighting.................... 41ALSF-1................................................. 41

ALSF-2................................................. 41

Fixturea............................................... 41

Power and Control Requlremento......................... 41Equipment Requirementa................................. 41Elevated Bidirectional Lighta.......................... 41Elevated Unidirectional Lights......................... 44Semiflush Lights....................................... 44Additional Daaign Guidance............................. 44Compliance with International Military Standards....... 44Runway End Lighta (Cat. Code 136-60)................... 44Purpose................................................ 44

Configuration.......................................... 44Fixtures............................................... 47

Poverand Control ffequiraments......................... 47Equipment.............................................. 47

Collocated Thresholds.................................. 47

Displaced Threshold.................................... 47Additional Dasign Guidance............................. 47Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 47Lighting With Displaced Thresholds..................... 47General,............................................... 47PerreanentlyDisplaced Threaholda....................... 48Runway End Lights...................................... 40

Runway Edge Lighta..................................... 48

Runvay Centerline Lighta............................... 4gApproach Lights........................................ 48

Temporarily Displaced Threaholda....................... 4gRunway Centerline Lights (Cat. Code 136-35)............ 50Description............................................ 50

Configuration.......................................... 50

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

B!K2

3.5.33.5.43.5.53.5.5.13.S.5.23.5.63.5.73.63.6.13.6.23.6.33.6.43.6.53.6.5.13.6.63.6.73.73.7.13.7.23.7.33.7.43.7.53.7.5.13.7.63.7.6.13.7.6.23.7.73.8

SECTION 44.14.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.44.1.54.1.64.1.74.1.84.1.94.1.9.14.1.9.24.1.104.1.114.1.11.14.1.11.24.24.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.5

Fixtures............................................... 50Power and Control Systera................................ 50Equipment Requirements................................. 50Hook-Resistant Li8ht Fixtures.......................... 50Standard Duty Light Fixtures........................... 50Additional Design Guidance............................. 52Compliance with International IlilltaryStandards....... 52Touchdown Zone Li8hts (Cat. Code 136-55)............... 52Description............................................ 52Location............................................... 52Fixture Requirements................................... 52Power and Control Requirements......................... 52Equipment Requirements................................. 54Fixtures............................................... 54Additional Design Guidance............................. 54Compliance with International Military Standards....... 54Circling Guidence Light.s............................... 54Description............................................ 54Configuration.......................................... 54Control Requirements................................... 55Electrical Requirements................................ 55Equipment Requirements................................. 55Fixtures............................................... 55Additional Deoign Guidance............................. 55NAVPAC P-272 Definitive Design Drawings................ 55Guide Specificationa................................... 55Compliance with International Military Standards....... 55Other Runway Lighting Systems.......................... 55

TAXIWAY LIGHTINGTaxivay Edge Lighting.................................. 56System Description..................................... 56Configuration.......................................... 56Edge Light SpacirrS..................................... 56Apron Texiwaya.........................................Tolerancea.............................................. ~~Fixturea............................................... 60Power Requirementa..................................... 60Control Requirements................................... 60Equipment Requirements................................. 60Elevated Fixtures...................................... 60Semiflush Fixtures..................................... 613Additional Design Guidance............................. 60Compliance with Intematlonal Military Standarda....... 62ASCC................................................... 62NATO...................................................Texiway Centerline Lights.............................. ::Description............................................ 62

Configuration.......................................... 62Tolerances............................................. 64Fixtures............................................... 64Power Requirements..................................... 64

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MIL-HD3K-1023/l

4.2.64.2.74.2.1.14.2.7.24.2.84.2.94.2.9.14.2.9.24.34.3.14.3.1.14.3.1.24.3.24.3.34.3.3.14.3.3.24.3.44.3.54.3.64.3.6.14.3.6.24.3.74.3.84.44.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.44.4.54.54.5.14.5.24.5.2.14.5.2.2

<.,4.5.34.5.3.14.5.3.24.5.44.5.4.14.5.4.24.5.4.34.5.4.44.5.4.54.5.4.64.5.4.74.5.4.84.5.54.5.5.14.5.5.24.5.64.5.74.5.7.1

Contro18equirementa ................................... 64Equipment Requirements................................. 64Fixtures............................................... 64LamPs................................................... 65Additional Desi8n Guidance.............................65Compliance with Intermitional Military Standards....... 65ASCC................................................... 65NATO................................................... 65Runway Exit Lights..................................... 65Description............................................ 65Long-Radius Exits...................................... 65Short-Radiue Exits..................................... 67Adjustment and Tolerances.............................. 67Fixtures....................... ........................ 67High-Speed Exit Li6hta...........................”......67Low-Speed Exit Lighta.................................. 67Power Requirements..................................... 67Control Requirements................................... 67Equipment Requirements................................. 67Hook Resistant Fixtures................................ 67Other Fixtures......................................... 67Additional Design Guidance............................. 69Compliance with International Military Standards....... 69TaxiwaY Hold Liahta (Cat. Code 136-50)................. 69Description............................................. 69Configuration.......................................... 69Fixtures, Power and Control Requirements............... 69Additional Deaign Guidance............................. 69Compliance with International Military Standards....... 70Taxiway Guidance Sigma................................. 70Purpose................................................ 70Sign Classifications................................... 70Mandatory Signs........................................ 70Informative Signs...................................... 70

Sign Configurations.................................... 70Standard Signa......................................... 70NorratandardSigrtB...................................... 71Texivay Guidance System Configuration.................. 71.Destination Signa, General.............................71Outbound Destination Signs............................. 71Inbound Destination S!gna.............................. 71Intersection Signs, General............................ 74Runway Intersection Signs.............................. 74Texivay Interaection Signs............................. 74Alternate Routes....................................... 74Holding Poaition Sigma................................. 74Sign Locations......................................... 76General Information....................................76Holding Position Signs................................. 76

Power and Control...................................... 76

Equipment Requirements................................. 76

Signs.................................................. 76

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f41L-IfDBK-1023/l

E@E.c

4.5.84.5.94.5.9.14.5.9.2

Section 5

5.15.1.15.1.25.1.2.15.1.2.25.1.2.35.1.2.45.1.2.55.1.35.1.45.1.55.1.65.1.75.1.7.15.1.85.1.95.25.2.15.2.25.2.2.15.2.2.25.2.2.35.2.2.45.2.35.2.45.2.55.2.5.15.2.5.25.2.65.2.75.35.3.15.3.25.3.35.4

Section 66.16.1.16.1.26.1.36.1.46.1.56.1.66.1.6.1

Additional Design Guidance............................. 76Compliance with International Military Standards....... 78ASCC................................................... 78NATO................................................... 78

SIMULATED CARRIER, WHEELS WATCH AND RUNWAYWAVEOFF LIGHTING

Simulated Carrier Deck Lighting........................ 79Description............................................ 79Configuration.......................................... ~~Deck Centerline Lights.................................. 79Deck Edge Lights....................................... 79Ramp Athwartship Lights................................ 79Forward Athwartship Lights.............................. 79LSO Station............................................ 79Adjustments............................................ 79Fixturea............................................... 79Electrical Requirements................................ 81Control Requirementa................................... ~~Equipment Requirements................................. 81Fixturea............................................... 81Additional Deaign Guidance............................. 81Compliance with International Standarda................ 81Wheels-Up Lighting..................................... 81Description............................................ 81Configuration.......................................... 82Wheels-Watch Li8ht Bar................................. 82Wleels-Watch Vault..................................... 82Wheels-Watch Control Panel............................. 82Wleela-Watch Shelter................................... 82Power Requirementa..................................... B2Control Requirements................................... 82Equipment RequirementB..... ............................82Fixtures............................................... 82Supports............................................... 82Additional Deai8n Guidance.............................84Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 84Waveoff Lights (Cat. Code 136-45)...................... 84Description............................................ 84Configuration.......................................... 84Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 84Related Facilities..................................... 84

HELIPAD LIGHTING SYSTEMSPerimeter Lighting (Cat. Code 136-65).................. 85Description............................................ 85Configuration.......................................... 85Adjustments............................................ 85Power Requirements.....................................COntrOla............................................... ~~Equipment Requiretoenta................................. 85Elevated Fixturea...................................... 85

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KF!s2

6.1.6.26.1.6.36.1.76.1.86.26.2.16.2.26.2.36.2.46.2.56.2.66.2.6.16.2.6.26.2.6.36.2.76.2.86.36.3.16.3.26.3.36.3.46.3.56.3.66.3.6.16.3.76.3.86.46.4.16.4.26.4.36.4.46.4.56.4.66.4.6.16.4.76.5

Section 7

7.17.27.2.17.37.3.17.3.27.3.2.17.3.2.27.3.2.37.3.2.47.3.2.57.3.2.67.3.3

Semiflush Fixtures..................................... 85LemPs.................................................. 85Additional Design Guidance.............................. 85Compliance with International Military Standards....... 87Landing Direction Lights (Cat. Code 136-65)............ 87Description............................................ 87Configuration.......................................... 87Adjustmenta and Tolerancea............................. 87power i?equirements.................................... 87Control Requirementa................................... 87Equipment Requirementa................................. 89Elevated Fixtures...................................... 89Semiflush Fixtures..................................... 89Lempa.................................................. 89Additional Desian Guidance.............................89Compliance with International Military Standards....... 89Approach Direction Lights.............................. 89Description............................................ 89C0nfi8uration.......................................... 89

Adjustmenta and Tolerancea............................. 89Power Requirements.....................................Control Requirements................................... ;;Equipment Requirements................................. 91LemPs.................................................. 91Additional Desi8n Guidance............................. 91Compliance with International Military Standarda....... 91Helipad Floodlighting (Cat. Code 136-65)............... 92Description............................................ 92C0nfi8urati0n.......................................... 92Fixturea............................................... 92Power Requirementa..................................... 9ZControl Requirements................................... 92Equipment Requirements................................. 92Floodlight Fixtures.....’............................... 92Compliance with International Military Standards....... 92Related Facilities..................................... 92

APRON, PARKING AREA AND OIRRCT FUELINGSTATION LIGHTING

General...............................................Definitions................. ..........................Direct Fueling Stationa...............................Apron and Parking Area Lighting (Cat. Code 136-20)....Description...........................................Floodli8htin8.........................................Illumination Levels...................................Control of Glare......................................Fixtures..............................................Supports...............................................Electrical Requirements...............................Control Requirements..................................Peripheral Lights.....................................

94949494949495959595959595

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

E@RQ

7.3.47.47.57.6

Section 88.18.28.2.18.2.28.38.48.58.68.7

1234

56789101112

131415

1617181920212223242526272829

Taxilane Lighting..................................... 95Direct E%eling Stations............................... 96Additional Deaign Guidance............................ 96Compliance with International Military Standards...... 96

PORTABLE EMERGENCY AIRFIELD LIGHTINGGeneral............................................... 97Runway Lighting....................................... 97RunwayEdgeLighting. ........ ......................... 97Runway Endand Threshold Lighting..................... 97Ta.xiwayEdge Lighting................................. 97Helipad Lighting...................................... 97Fixtures.............................................. 97Controls............................................... 98Compliance with International Military Standards. . . . . . 98

FIGUBBS

Control and Power Syatem Block Diagram............................ 7Typical ALSF-l Configuration..................................... 13Block Diagram of Approach light Circuits......................... 17Photometric Eaquirements for High IntensityApproach Lighting Systems...................................... 19

Typicsl ALSF-2 Configuration..................................... 23Typical MALSR Configuration....................................... 24Punctionsl Relationship of Units, MALSR.......................... 28Photometric Requirements for Medium Intensity Approach Lights.... 30Typical REILConfigurstion ....................................... 32Block Disgram for REIL System..................................... 34High Intensity Runway Edge Light Configuration................... 37Photometric Requirements for High Intensity Runway EdgeLights......................................................... 39

Basic Threshold Light Configuration.............................. 40Typical Threshold Light Enhancement for Approsch Lights.......... 42ALSF-2 Threshold Light Enhancements in the BasicConfiguration Area............................................. 43

Photometric Requirements for Threshold Lights.................... 45Typical Runvay End Light Configuration........................... 46Permanent Oiaplaced Threshold Configuration......................Runway Centerline Lighting Layout................................ ;:Touchdown Zone Lighting Layout................................... 53Taxiway Edge Lighting, Longitudinal Spacing...................... 57TaxiWay Edge Lighting, Entrance-Exit Details..................... 58Taxiway Ed8e lighting, Spacing on Curvea......................... 59~pical Taxivay Circuit Layout................................... 61Taxiway Centerline Lightirtg...................................... 63Long Radius (High Speed) Runway Exit Lighting.................... 66Short Radius (Low Speed) Runway Exit Lights..................... 68Taxiway Guidance Sigrrs.......................................... 7ZTypical Locations for Destination and Intersection Signs........ 73

xv

30 Alternate Taxiway31 Typical Locations32 Simulated Carrier

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

E@&2

Routes and Texivay Identification............. 75and Siting for Texivay Guidance Signs......... 77Oeck Lighting.................................. 80

33 Wheels-Up Lighting System Layout................................ 8334 Helipad Perimeter Lighting Configuration......................... 8635 Helipad Landing Direction Lights Configuration.................. 8836 Helipad Approach Direction Lights Configuration................. 9037 Helipad Floodlighting Configuration............................. 93

BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................ 99

RSFSRENCES.............................................................. 100

xvi

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

SectIon 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 &Qe.e. This handbook contains data and information comprisingstandards for the following lighting systems used for aircraft guidanceduring approach, landing, takeoff, taxiing, and parking operations:

a)b)c)d)e)f)6)h)

:;k)

Approach lighting,Runway edge lighting,Threshold and runway end lighting,Runway centerline lighting,Touchdovn zone lighting,Circling guidance lights,Simulated carrier deck lighting,Wheels-up and runway waveoff lighting,TSXiWaY lighting,Helipad lighting, andParking and service area lighting.

The handbook applies to IM!Winat~llationa only. Ita application torenovations and relocation work vill be dependent on existing conditionsand the equipment to be installed.

All installation of the lighting syatema listed above shall conform to theStandarda. Where local conditions necessitate deviation, prior approval❑ust be obtained from Naval Facilitlea Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM).

1.2 Cancellatiom. This handbook cancela and superaedea liAVFACDM-23,1, iRh ting, dated July 1961.

1.3 Reauirements of Other Commanda. The overall systemconfigurations and performance requirements for Airfield Lighting Systemsare established by Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM) and arecontained in NAVAIR Technical Manual 51-50AAA-2, General Reauire~Shorebaaed Ai&f..ieldMarkirm end L~. Unleaa otherviae adviaed byNAVAIRSYSCOM, NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 takea precedence for all matters concerningthe configuration, aitirtg,or light output requirements of airfieldlighting systems. In mattera of construction ❑ethods, installationtechniques, or equipment specification, Technical Manual 51-50AAA iacorraideredadvisory.

1.4 tive Desiium. The data in definitive designe for fJavalShore Facilities, -tive Dea~ w , NAVFAC P-272, are an integralpart of the NAVFACEliGCOM design program. Definitive designs aaaociatedwith this handbook, as listed below, may be used for guidance in acceptabledesign principles related to specific functional.layouts and operationalrequirements. As of the date of this publication the airfield lightingdefinitive drawings are undergoing revision. The P-272 directory should beconsulted to identify the lateat definitive dravinga for any system.Unless otherwise advised, the requirements of this handbook shall takeprecedence over the Definitive Design Drawinga.

1

MIL-FiDBK-1023/l

The following definitive design drawings are applicable in this handbook:

NAVFACP-272

Drawlnu lro.

14D3042

1404275

1404276

1404277

1404278

1404279

1404280

1404281

1404282

1404283

1404284

1404285

1404286

1404287

14042881404289

ML42901404291

1404292

1404256

140451014045111404512140451314045141404515

Title

Direct Fueling Station, Helicopter and Fixed WingAircraft, Plan and Installation DetailaApproach Lighting System, Plan Layout,Elevation/Aiming Plan, Viaibllity PlanApproach LiBhting System, Approach Lighting Vault,One Line and Block DiagramApproach Lighting System, Series Wiring, FixtureSchedula, Circuit Load ScheduleApproach Lighting System, SFL Wiring Diagram &SubstationApproach Lighting System, Thraahold, 500 Fdot &Wing Barn, Road SectionsApproach Lighting System, Termination, 1000 FootCross and Centerline BarnApproach Lighting System, Light Bar Sections, Towerand Miscellaneous DetailaRunway Li8hting, Edge Lights and DistanceMarkera-PlanRunvay Lightin8, Circlin8 Guidance, Touchdovn Zoneand Centerline Plana & Typical WiringRunway Lighting, Identification and Edge LightaInstallation Details and SchedulaRunway Li8hting, Circling Guidanca and Edge Li8htsInstallation DatailaRunway Lightins, Touchdovn Zone and ThresholdLights Installation DetailaRunway and Taxiway Lighting, Inset Fixture & WiringInstallation DetailsRunway Lighting, Ductline Plan, Handhole DetailaSimulated Carrier Deck Lighting, Plan and WiringDiagramSimulated Carrier Deck Lighting, DetailaWheels Up and Runway Waveoff Li8hting, Plan, WiringDiagrams and DetailaWheels Up and Runway Waveoff Li8hting, Wiring “Diagre6 and DetailsWheels UP end Runway Waveoff Li8hting, EquipmentVault PlanaMALSR Plan end System DetallaMALSR System Riser DiagramMALSR System Schematic DiagramMALSR System Equipment Mounting DetailaMALSR Tower and Foundation DetailaMALSR 1,000 Foot Crossbar and Foundation Details

1.5 l.nternational MilitaN Stnndards. The USN has agreed to conformto the criteria of certain International Treaty Organization for Visual Aidato Air Navigation at locations covered by the treaty agreement. Insofar aa la

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MIL-HOBK-1023/l

possible, the standards and criteria for Airfield Lighting Systemscontained in this handbook satisfy the requirement of these internationalmilitary standards. Because of divergences betveen the standards of thevarious orgenizacions involved, it has not been possible to comply in allrespects. The following international military atendarde apply:

a) the f?orthAtlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which developsstandarda (known aa NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAGS)) that arepromulgated by the NATO Military Agency for Standardization (HAS).

b) the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC)conaiating of representatives of the United States, Canada, Australia, NewZealand, and the United Kingdom. T%eir atendarda are known aa ASCC AirStandarda (AIR STDa).

The atandarda and criteria contained in this handbook, which satisfy.thevarioua international military standarda, have been identified in eachsystem standard. The applicable International military atendard shall takeprecedence over the atandarda contained in this handbook when designingfacllicies to be installed at covered locations.

1.6 Or.erational CategOri~. T%e operational Categories for airfieldlighting are provided in paras. 1.8.1 end 1.8.2.

1.6.1 Visual t Rules. When Visual Flight Rules (VPR) are ineffect, the meteorological (met) visibility is generally 3 miles (5 km) orgreater; or the ceiling ia 1,200 ft (365.7 m) or greater in controlled airapace.

1.6.2 ~. When the met weather/visibilityconditions Instrument Flight Rules (IFS) are in effect, vlaibility la below3 miles (5 km); or the ceiling ia less then 1,200 ft in controlled airspace. There are several subcategories of IFS operation; These are:

a) mteuorv I (Cat. 11 - Cat. I covers viaibilitiea from 3 miles(5 ~) don to Runway visual Ranges (RVR) of 2,400 ft (731.5 m).

b) Gatea n’ II (Cat. ~ - Cat. II covers conditions below 2,400ft (750 m) IV/Rdown”to 1,200 ft (360 m) RVR.

c) ~- Cat. III covers all visual rengeabelow 1,200 ft RVR.

1.7 General De iun Criterl.a.a The general design criteria describedin paras. 1.9.1 through 1.9.9 shall apply to all facilities covered by thishandbook unless modified by special instructions to the designer or by thespecific criteria for the lighting system contained elsewhere in thehandbook.

1.7.1 Liaht Fix ure Moun@.t Wherever practical, the light fixturesshall be mounted on mounting bases installed in a concrete envelope orconcrete handholes aa illustrated in NAVFAC P-272. The mounting baaessupport the light fixtures end generally house the isolating trensfotmers.For temporary construction, the light fixtures may be stake-mounted withdirect burial of isolation transformers and cables.

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HIL-HDBK-1023/l

1.7.2 Cable and In talls ati~. Cable insulation shall be suitable forunderground installation. Wherever practical, all cablea are to be rununderground, in either concrete encaaed or direct buried duct. Concreteencaaed duct is preferrad under paved aircraft traffic areaa (acrosarunvaya, taxivaya, rempa, etc.), except when installation under existingpavement is required, rigid steel conduit may be used. Direct buried ductmay be used under paved shoulders. For temporary construction, the cableamay be direct buried. Connections between the lighting cable, isolationtransformer, and light fixturea are to be made by watertight connectors.Cables for new taxivay centerline, runway centerline, and TouchdovrrZoneLights (TDZL) shall be installed in flexible or rigid conduit In aaw kerfain the pavement. Cablea vhich are installed directly In saw kerfa maycontinue to be employed in axiating in-pavement lighting aystema. Althou8hdirect installation.in saw kerfa is parmitted, care must be taken toconstrain the cable below the pavement surface and to protect it fromdamage resulting from differential expansion or movement.

1.7.3 Gro!rndinR sYt7tem. A counterpoise of number 4 AWG bare, strandedcopper vire shall be laid continuously for the entire length of all primarycircuits that supply airfield lighting.

The counterpoise shall be laid above the uppermost layer of direct buriedducts, or on the top of the concrete envelope of an encaaed duct bank.Only one counterDoiae wire shall be installed for the cablea in a commondue; bank. All ~ounterpoiae wires leading to a duct bank shall beexothermically bonded to the single counterpoise wire in the duct bank.The counterpoise shall be exothermically bonded by a number 6 AWG barestranded copper wire to the metal base (or metalltc mounting structure)each lighting unit, and to the lighting vault powar grounding ayatem atpoint.

ofone

1.7.4 Franaibili v and Accidentt -Avoidance co natruction. In areaaaround the runway, including the approach zone, all above-grade structuresshall be lightweight and of a frangible or low-impact-resistantconstruction, using breakaway sections to minimize hazarda to aircraft.Concrete foundation or mounting slabs shall not extend above the finishedgrade of the surrounding surface.

1.7.5 ~. Vault construction in the paat waagenerally provided with a primary service of e.g. 4,160 V/2,400 V, 3-phaae,60 Hz power. For new power vault construction, or major modernization orexpanaion, the following factora shall be considered before deciding on thepower distribution ayatem and type of vault to be conatmcted.

All floor and wall-mounted equipment shall be securely mounted orrestrained to prevent movement during aeiamic disturbances.

1.7.5.1 ~. A life cycle coat analyaia shall be“madeto consider using 240 V or 480 V aa the primary voltage within thevault. Savings may be realized in the coat of regulator, awitchgear, andengine/generatora, in building apace requirements, and in the coat ofsystem maintenance even though there may be a requirement to reduce thedistribution ayatem voltage at the service entrance.

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

1.7.5.2 vaul&. The main airfield lighting vault,houses power distribution and control equipment for runway and taxivaylighting circuits and any other airfield lighting that can feasibly usethis source. Auxiliary vaults may be required for other systems dependingupon airfield configuration. Vaulta are located above grade at locationsmoat suitable aa supply points.

1.7.5.3 ADDroa h Li@tiruac VauN. The approach lighthg vault shall houaapower distribution end control equipment primarily for the approachlighting end sequenced flashers. Other nearby lighting syatema may alsouae this vault as a power source. The vault shall be located adjacent tothe approach zone at a sufficient distance to satisfy obstruction criteria.

1.7.6 ncv PoweK. An emergency generator or other independentpower source shall be provided at each vault to ensure continuous operationshould the primary power source fail.

1.7.6.1 J?ngineGeneratU. Where Engine Generatora (E/G) are installed,they shall be installed in separate rooms or shelters that have beenprovided with independent ventilation. Provision shall be made for engineexhaust to the exterior of the shelter. Mufflers may be installed insideor outside the building, however, if installed inside they shall beinsulated. Engine cooling may be provided by externally-mounted radiatorsor through the use of a radiator duct to an external exhauat louver.Provision shall be made for resistive load banka for diesel engine testingwhere the station load ia inadequate or cannot be made available for enginetaating. Fuel storage shall have aufficlent capacity for a minimum of 72hours of operation.

Engine generator shall be provided vith automatic starting end switchingcapability end shall ba capable of supplying the rated load within 1Sseconds of a power failure except during Cat. II instment oParat~Ona.During Cat. 11 instrument operations a one second power trenafer iarequired. ‘fhiais normally achieved by providing a remote start capabilitywhich will permit operation of the engine generator during Cat. II weatherconditions ao that emergency power availability is subject only toswitching time. Refer to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) AdvisoryCircular 150/5340-17, Syatema,for additional information on how this may be achieved. An automaticbattery charger ia required for maintenance of starting battaries. The E/Gfoundation slab shall be isolated to reduce vibration and noisetransmission to other parta of the vault.

1.7.6.2 Indevendent Power S0urce4. For an altemata independent powarsource to qualify aa emergency power, it must be generated by a separatepower generating station and be routed over separate power lines. In the

past, careful investigation in the vaat majority of casea has revealed thatseemingly independent sources were so interconnected that failure of onepower source could result in failure of the other. llxtr~e care shall betaken to assure qualification of the alternate power source before decidinsagainst an enginelgenarator as an independent power source.

1.7.7 ~eld Liahtinu C-. The airfield lighting control ayatemshall consist of control panels, ralay equipment, accesaoriea, and clrcuita

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

to energize, reenergize, select lamp brightness, and otherwise controlvarious airfield lighting circuits in accordance with operationalrequirements.

Control of any one airfield lighting system shall normally be provided atonly two points: the control tower and the veult which powers thetsystem. Exceptions are Simulated Carrier Deck Lighting, which iscontrolled from the Lending Signal Officer (LSO) station only; OpticalLanding System, which is controlled from the tower and/or LSO station;runway waveoff lights which are controlled from the LSO station, the wheelswatch position, and the control tower; end wheels watch lights.vhicb arecontrolled from the vheela watch position. See Figure 1 for a typicallighting vault block diagram.

A transfer relay assembly is provided at the vault to transfer control fromthe remote location to the vault when neceaaary.

1.7.7.1 Con mlt voltaRes. A 120 Vac control system shall be providedusing low burden pilot relaya (pilot relay assemblies) to ectivate thepower switches, contractors,and relays controlling the regulators andtransformer supplying power to the airfield lighting circuits. For properfunction of the pilot relay aasembliea, the,maximum one-way horizontaldistance from the control towar to the lighting vault is limited to 7,350ft (2,240.3 m) when using 120 Vac control aystema. Where the distancebetween the tower and the vault exceeds the maximum, consideration shouldbe given to using a 48 Vdc control system aa described in FM AC150/5340-24, JWnwav and Taxiwav L~tinn Svatems. Where both types ofcontrol systems are installed, care shall be taken to ensure isolationbetween the centrol power aystema.

1.7.7.2 ~rol Cir_. The control system shall be circuited to’ensure the following:

a) Lighting on intersecting runvaya cannot be energizedaimultaneoualy.

b) All circuits supplying the lights for any one lighting system(for example, runway edge lighting) are energized simultaneously and areoperated at the acme brightness level.

c) Runway centerline lights may not be energized unless therunway edge lights are energized.

d) Touchdown Zone Lighting (TDZL)runway centerline lights are energized.

cannot be energized unless the

6

MIL-ECDBK-1023/l

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7

1.7.8 LiRht IntenSity.of lamp intensity, achievedare as follows:

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

The brightness steps associated with five levelsby varying the current in the lighting circuit,

Brightness Amperage Reading Amperage Reading Approx. PercentSteO

12345

The brightnessby varying the

20 A C-ircvit. 6.6 A Cir ultc Rated Intensitv

6.5 “2.8 0.1610.3 3.4 0.812.4 4.1 4.015.6 5.2 20.020.0 6.6 100.0

steps aaaociated with three levels of lamp incenaity, achievedcurrent in the lighting circuit, are as follows:

Brightneaa Series Syatema Percent~ LamD Current (emo >s =h tnes.v

High 6.6 100Medium 5.5 30Low 4.6 10

1.7.9 ~. For colors of lights, refer to MIL-C-25050A, G.mg.aLRequirements for Color. Aeronaut~hts and L@inu JhuiD@.

1.6 Eauioment. This handbook identlfies equipment andequipment specifications that meet che standards established for the variousairfield lighting systems. It includes only those iteme that are peculiar toairfield lighting systems. Common uae equipment end materials are covered inother handbooka.

1.6.1 ?xiBtinu System%. The equipment specified in this handbook is notneceaaarily suitable for mixing with older equipment fabricated to earlierstandards. There shall be a general plan to support existing ayatems withequipment fabricated to the same specifications aa the original equipmentuntil ,-;.esystem ia upgraded to the new standard, or until it ia no longerfeaeible to do BO because of lack of supply sources, or for other reaaona.When it has been determined that combining of new generation equipment vitholder equipment ia required, care shall be taken to assure that the differencein performance does not degrade the system in any way.

1.8.2 Eauinment sDec~ tionq. The equipment epeclficationa referencedin this section falla into three broad categories: Military Specification(MIL Specs); FAA Advisory Circulara (AC), end FAA-E series apecificationa(FAA-E-KXXX). For many items of equipment, there will be two or morespecification for qualified equipment. The fact that a particular item haaboth a qualifying MIL-Spec end a qualifying AC doea not neceaaarily maan thatthe items are identical in form, fit and function. For example, the lightoutput of en elevated runway edge light manufactured in accordance withMIL-L-26202D, Liuh . Ma~roor . Semiil.wfdLt Class B-3 may be quitedifferent from a runway edge light ~enufactured in accordance with FAA AC15015345-46A, ~tion for Run av turdTaxiw wav Wt Fixtures. L852E, eventhough they both meet the atendarda established for the system in NAVAII?

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

51-50AAA-2. It is recommended that users of this handbook assure themselvesthat the performance characteristics, particularly with respect to lightoutput and aiming, are compatible before electing to combine militaryequipment with FM type equipment of the acme category (e.g., elevated runwayedge lights) in a single runway, texiway, or approach lighting ayatem.

The specifications cited in this handbook are the current edition aa of thedate of this publication. The latest edition of the specification shall beused, provided that the performance requirements continue to satisfy theappropriate standard aet forth in MVAIE 51-sOAAA.Z. Where apecificationa arecancelled and replaced by succeaaor specifications with nev numbers, theaucceaaor specification may be used, provided the requirements of theapplicable standarda in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 continue to be met.

1.8.3 ~ed Products. Both the military and the FM maintain lists ofmanufacturer of products conforming to Military Specifications or tp ACapecificationa. For equipment conforming to ❑ilitary specifications, use theQualified Products Listing (QPL) in the DOD hdex of SDE~n tions andStandards. For equipment conforming to FM AC specification, use FM AC150/5345-1, ~. Either listing may be usedin the acme manner and with equal effect. Qualification or approval in eitherlisting does not mean automatic acceptance of the equipment for a particularprojact. Satisfactory evidence of the production teata specified by thespecification is required for acceptance for each project.

Sources for equipment manufactured to FM-E series specification are notcovered by a qualified products list of any kind. Current sources of thisequipment may be obtained, through channels, from the FAA. The specifiedproduction teata are alao required for products obtained from these sources.

1.8.4 c~. Commercial equipment, not covered byappropriate military or FM apecificationa, shall conform to applicableindustry standarda such aa the recommendation of the National ElectricalManufacturer Aaaociation (NEMA), Institute of Electrical and ElectronicEngineers (IEEE), etc. The contract specification should provide the methodsfor verifying conformance.

1.8.5 The apecificationa for many older typea ofequipment that fail to meet the atandarda of NAVAIfl51-50MA-2 are not citedin this handbook. Some manufacturer have been producing equipment thatexceeds the specification to meet the requirement of the current standard.The use of this equipment may be considered if there ia sufficient documentedevidence and warranty that the equipment does end will continue to meet theraquirementa of the standard.

Substitution of equipment, using new technology that Ia not covered by listedspecification, may be considered. However, precaution must be taken toaseure that the system standarda contained in this handbook end in NAVAIR51-50AAA-2 will be met; that USN requirements for cost effectiveness,maintainability, reliability, availability, and service life vill be met; andthat adequate training and logistic support for the aubatitute equipment willbe available.

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MIL-1lDBK-1023/1

1.8.6 EM ruencv Sub titue a tio~. IrIemergency situations, where facilityrestoration is significantly delayed by nonavailability of replacement parta,equipment or devices not meeting specifications and atendarda may besubstituted. Such aubatitute equipment shall be removed from service endreplaced with approved equipment aa soon aa possible.

1.8.7 Common Uae Airfield Liah inu .Eouiument t. The equipment described inparaa. 1.9.7.1 through 1.9.7.13 ia commonly used in moat airfield lightingayatem inatallationa. Wherever required, listed equipment conforming to thecited specifications may be used. Other special application equipment lareferenced in the paragrapha covering the particular lighting system involved.

1.8.7.1 ~rol Pan~. Control panels meeting the requirements ofMIL-P-8944A, G.2neralSDe lficatia for ~dc or FUAC 150/5345-3, anela or Remote c.ort ns vatemg, TypeL-821, may be used. Tower cab design conatrainta or special air trafficcontroller requirements may dictate the uae of other typea of control penela.

1.8.7.2 PilOt Relay Cabineu. Pilot Relay Cabineta shall meet requlramentaof MIL-P-8945A, panel. Rel v, Pil . Encl ed. A@ora Ot 0a t Liuhting, vhen used in120 Vac control ayatema and shall meet FM AC 150/5345-13, ~pe L-841 whenused in 48 Vdc control ayatema.

1.8.7.3 . Switches shall meet requirementsof FAA AC 15015345-5A, Type L-874.

1.8.7.4 Tranafer Panelq. Control tranafer panela ehall meetrequirements of MIL-F-4971A, Ranel. C~ol Tranafer. A1.zRortLiRh inut ~pem-l .

1.8.7.5 01 Cablea. Control cables for 120 Vac control ayatema shall bemulticonductor, 600 V, 12 AliG,to meet FAA-AC 150/5345-7, L-824 Undur und0

Electrical Cable for Airoort Liah&@ Clrcw , rated for direct earthburial. Cablea for 48 Vdc control circuits shall be multiconductor, stranded19 AWG, with 300 V polyvinyl insulation suitable for installation in wetlocations and conforming to Rural Electrification Administration (EEA)Bulletin 345-14 or 345-67, U-23 for -hone Cable for Direct Ear h 8urit aLand p-39 f0 r Filled Telec.honeCableR respectively. All conductors shall becopper and insulation shall be color coded.

1.8.7.6 tient Renulatora. Regulators shall meet requirements of FAA AC150/5345-10 of a suitable type and style. The size selected shall normallyprovide for approximately 20 percent future axparraion.

1.8.7.7 m/Generat~. Errginelgeneratorashall meet requirements ofMIL-G-19826 @n Current.~ with .SUt%a~iC ;renafer gear conforming to HIL-C-26EE5 (ASG) @bi

ra or ets. 10 h! throunhca~

Ow~ or FAA-E-2204 uatOrOSeta.En&he Gem- Sk w to 300 k~ with Type I automatic power tranafer.

1.8.7.8 ~. Lf8hting circuit power cables shall meetrequirements of Flu4AC 150/5345-7, for L-824 ~pe B or C, except that in sawkerf inatallationa they may be Type TUWN conforming to UL 83. The cable sizeand insulation rating of all cablea shall be suitable for the application.

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, ......,: Cable shielding is required only where there are knovn or anticipated problems

g;: with intercircuit interference.:..

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1.8.7.9 mtnec torq. Connectors ❑eeting requirenenta of FAA AC 150/5345-26,

%:u PIUK and R~tacle w Connectou , shall be used to interconnectfixtures, isolation transformers, and distribution cables.

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1.8.7.10 Uola naformera. Isolation transformers ❑eeting therequirements of either UIL-T-27535A, n=, or FAA AC 150/5345-47,

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,,, may be used. The principal difference between the two types of

,, transformers is that the primary leads of the MIL type are 6 in. (152.3mm):, longer than the FM type. When specifying, assure that the input/output

currents are compatible with the regulator and current rating of the lamP.

1.8.7.11 t~ a. Mounting bases meeting therequirements of MIL-B-8954B, B~~er Liah aa t , orFAA AC 150/5345-42, L-857. Airoort aht Base and ranaformerJunction

Housinus.Boxes and A“cceasories, may be ueed. When specifying FM types baaes,

specify npe L-867 for nontraffic areas and Type L-868 for load bearingapplication. Unleaa otherwise specified, nonmetallic basea may be used innonload bearing application. Care should be taken to assure that the baseand the fixture are compatible.

/ - ‘ibleuD‘iblecO,1.8.7.12 Fran s ts. Where frangible mounting is required and thedevice is not provided with an inte8ral fracture mechanism, the device shallbe mounted on Electric Metallic Tubing (EMT) or Intermediate Metallic Conduit;:

..,. (IMC) vhich is attached to the mounting base by means of a frangible couplingconforming to FAA Drawing C-6046A, Fran etails.::.

; 1.8.7.13 Fixtures and Lam Fixtures and lamps shall be as specified for~ each ayatem. Where the design calls for more than one fixture to be connected

to an isolation transformer, the fixture shall be ordered with a shortingdevice or bypass relay to avoid multiple fixture outa8e in the event of a lampfailure.

1.9 P-am tion of Contract SD~. In preparation of contractspecifications, the designer shall use f?avalFacilities Engineering Command(NAVFAC) NFGS-O1O11, ~ral ParaarairG ha. and f7FGS-16560,~binhtinu, for guidance on contract requirements end elements to be covered.particular attention should be 8iven to the inclusion of thOse appropriate .paragraphs which are directed toward the orderly and safe execution of thecontract with minimal impact of onBoing operations.

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?’fIL-flDBK-1023/l

Section 2: APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS

2.1 m~ ens 0a System (Cat, Code 136-

2.1.1 ~. The High Intensity Approach Lighting System (ALSF-1)is a high intensity Approach Lighting System (ALS) with sequenced flashers.It is the USN standard system for precision approaches to a Cat. I instrumentrunway.

2.1.2 uratiOIJ. The ALSF-1 consists of a prethreshold bar, aterminating bar, a 1,000 ft (304.8 m) bar, centerline lights, sequencedflashers, and enhanced threshold lights. A typical standard layout is shownin F18ure 2. The standard system centerline ia coincident with the extendedrunway centerline. The system extends from the threshold 3,000 ft (914.4 m)into the approach area of the runway. t?AVAIRapproval is required for theinstallation of systems shorter than 3,000 ft. Shortening a system below2,400 ft (731.5 m) can impact the landing minimums. Systems which are between1,400 ft (426.7 m) and 2,300 ft (701 m) are called Short Approach Lighting$yatems (SALS).

2.1.2.1 Prethreshold Bar. The prethreahold bar consists of two barrettea ofred lights placed symmetrically about and perpendicular to the system centerline at a point 100 ft (30.4 m) ahead of the runway threshold. Each barretteconaiats of five lights on 3.5 ft (1 ❑) centers with the innermost lights ofeach barrette located 75 ft (22.9 m) from the extended runway centerline.

2.1.2.2 -in tinn BaK.a The terminating bar consiata of 2 barrettes ofaviation red li8hts symmetrically disposed about and perpendicular to theayscem centerline 200 ft (61 m) ahead of the runway threshold. Each barretteconsists of 3 red lights on 5 ft (1.5 m) centers with the inboard lights ofeach barrette placed 36 ft (11 m) from the extended runway centerline.

2.1.2.3 LOOO-Ft Bar. The 1,000-ft bar consists of 2 barrettes of whitelights placed ayuunetricallyabout and perpendicular to the system centerlineat a point 1,000 ft from the runway threshold and in line with the centerlinebarretta located at that station. Each barratte consists of 8 white lights on5 ft spacing with tha outboard light located 50 ft (15.2 m) from the systemcenterline.

2.1.2.4 Centerline LiRh~. The centerline lights consist of a aeriea ofbarrettes of white lights placed at 100-ft intervals along the systemcenterline from a point 100 ft from the runway threshold outward to a point3,000 ft from the runway threshold. Each barrette conaista of 5 white lightsspaced by 3.5 ft (1 m) and is centered on and perpendicular to the systemcenterline. The spacing between lights may be reduced to 40.5 in.(1,028 mm) to facilitate installation on Lov-Impact-Resiatmt (LIR) supports.

2.1.2.5 Seauenced Fla hinirL-.s The sequenced flashing lights conaiat ofa series of flashing lights placed on the system centerline at e8Ch Centerline

light station from the 1,000-ft (304.6 m) bar to the outer end of the approachlight system. The lights flash blulsh white light at a rate of twice persecond in sequence from the outermost light inward ao as to appear as a ballof white light traveling toward the runway threshold. Sequenced flashing -

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

lights may be uniformly mounted a maximum of 4 ft (1.2 m) below the centersteady burning light. In the caae of semifluah units, they may be displaced amaximum of 5 ft (1.5 m) into the approach along the extended runway centerlinein order to avoid visual or physical interference between li@tt units.

2.1.2.6 ~.. While technically not considered part of theALS, standard runway threshold lighting shall be enhanced as indicated inpara. 3.2.3 when high intensity approach-lights are installed.

2.1.3 Fixc ureq. All approved light fixtures installed in displacedthreshold areaa, or where they are subject to damage by jet blast, shall be ofthe aemiflush type with no part of the unit extending more then 1 in. (25.4mm) above the surrounding pavement. In overruns, centerline barrettea are tobe semifluah and all other lights are elevated fixtures. All other lightsfixtures will be elevated and capable of being aimed.

All lights in the system are aimed tovard the approach, parallel to theextended runway centerline in the horizontal plane. Except for sequencedflaahera, which are aimed at +6”, and aemiflush fixturea vhich have fixedaiming, the approach lights shall be vertically aimed aa follows:

STATIONFROM TO

1+00 2+003+00 10+0011+00 18+0019+00 26+0027+00 30+00

Note: Each 1+00 station is equivalent

If the electronic glide slope angle lashall be adjusted by the amount of theof the change.

2.1.4;.. SuoDorta. Elevated fixtureslow-impkct-resistant,or semifrangiblemounting height.

AIMING

6.0”6.5”7.0”7.5”8.0”

to 100 ft (30.4 m).

other than 3“, the aiming of the lightsdifference from 3“ and in the direction

shall be supported on f rengible,supports, depending on the required

2.1.4.1 fianuible SuuuorU. Frangible supports shall be used to mountlights up to 6 ft (1.83 m) above the ground. They conaiat of EfTTor IIICmounted on frangible couplings.

2.1.4,2 L.LBSunDorta. LIE supports shall be used to support lights mounted6 to 40 ft (1.8 to 12.2 m) high. LIR supports are designed to present aminimum of maaa and to break when impacted.

2.1.4.3 ~. n Semifrangible supports shall be used tosupport lights mounted more than 40atructurea; the lover element bein8being a 20-ft (6 m), LIE structure.

ft above the ground. They are two-elementa rigid atmcture end the upper element

14

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

2.1.5 ADDr ach Liuh Plane The approach light plane is an area 400 ft(121.9 m) wide”centeredton the”extended runway centerline which bekins at therunway threshold and axtends 200 ft (6O.96 m)-beyond the outermost-lights.Ideally all approach lights will be installed in a single horizontal plane atthe same elevation as the threshold with no penetrations of the light plane.This should be achieved vherever possible end practical. Where sitsconditions dictate, the criteria given in paras. 2.1.5.1 and 2.1.S.2.

2.1.5.1 LiRht Plan Penetr-. No penetration of the light pleme shallbe permitted except ~or ILS components end components of airfield lightingsystems which are fixed by their function. These components should notinterfere with the pilot’s view of the approach lights when on a normalapprOach ~d shall be obstruction lighted. For clearance purposes, all roada,vehicle parking areas and railroads are considered as vertical solid objects.The required clearance above Interstate highways is 17 ft (5.18 m). Theclearance required above other public roads and parking lots is 15 ft (4.57m), and for railroads 23 ft (7.o m). The clearance above private ana militaryroads ia 10 ft (3.05 ❑). Airfield service roads, where traffic i.vcontrolled,are not considered as obstructions. Control of tha service road traffic maybe accomplished by appropriate signs or directly by the control cower. Themeans of control and the vording of signs shall be as approved by the AirfieldCommander.

2.1.5.2 J.iaht P1ane Adlustmenta. When installed in displaced thresholds orin prepared overruns the plane of the approach lights follows the contour ofthe ground. Outside these areaa, alevated Ii&ht fixtures will be installed ina Plane aa level aa possibla. Where necessary, a portion of the light plane❑ay be sloped upward a maximum of 2 percent or dovnward a maximum of 1 percentif necessary to avoid penetration of the light plane or for reaaons ofeconomy. The sloping segment may commence no closer than 300 ft (91.4 ❑) fromthe runway threshold and shall contain a minimum of four light stationa. Thesloping segment may continue to the end of the system or may revert to ahorizontal plane containing a minimum of three light stationa. No negativeslopes are permitted in the inner 1,500 ft (457.2 m) of the system exceptthose generated by the slope of the ovarrun. The system may concain no morethan one sloping aegmant in addition to thosa generated by the overrun.

2.1.6 There shall be a clear line of sight toall lights in the ayscem from any point on a surface 100 ft (30.5 m) below theglide path and extending 250 ft (76.2 m) each side of the centerline, at4,500 ft (1,371.6 m) from the runway threshold. Unless otherwise defined, theglide path angle may be aaaumed to be 3“.

2.1.7 Configuration AdIU tmena ta. Siting considerations may dictate thatthe Configuration of the approsch light system will require adjustment. Thefolloving adjustments described in paras. 2.1.7.1 through 2.1.7.2 arepermissible without seeking a waiver.

2.1.7.1displacedalign the

2.1.7.2it may belocation.

*ntem Cent*. The light system centerline may ba laterallyfrom the extended runway centerline a maximum of 2 ft (0.6 m) tosystem centerline with a runway centerline l!8hting sYStem.

LiRht Station Locatlona. To avoid roads, buildings, railroads ate.necessary to move a light bar longitudinally away from ita nominalWhere this in necessary, the light bar spachga shall be changed

15

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

to uniformly distribute the differences so that the spacing between adjacentlight stations shall be kept at 100 ft *1O ft (30.5 m *3 m) and system lengthia maintained.

2.1.8 Installation ToIeranceq. Permiasable installation deviations fromthe design locationa are aa follows:

a) Light atationa shall be installed within 6 in. (152.4 mm) of thedesignated location.

b)(~76.2 mm).

c)(*25.4 mm).

d)

table:

e)~ 1 in. (25.4

f)

The lateral tolerance for installation of a light bar ia *3 in.

The tolerance or

Mounting heights

distance between individual lights ia *1 in.

tolerance are in accordance with the following

SUPPORT HE1GHT TOLERA~ s

O to 6 ft (0-1.8 m) 1 in. (2S.4 mm)6+ to 40 ft (1.8-12 m) 2 in. (50.8 mm)

to 40+ ft (12+ m) 3 in. (76.2 mm)

Oeviation from a line perpendicular to the ALS centerline iamm).

Vertical angular alignment of a light shall be within 1“.

Horizontal angular alignment of light shall be within 5°.

2.1.9 El ctrie cal Reouirement.a

2.1.9.1 Substation. The ALS shall contain a main and a standby power systemwith automatic changeover within 15,seconds of a failure of the power SYateMin use. Neither the power and control subatatlon nor the standby power unitmay be located within the area of the approach light plane.

2.1.9.2 power ReaUIrements. The substation shall provide 20 A regulatedelectric power to the steady burning llghts and 120/240 V paver to thesequenced flaaher ayatem (ace Figure 3 for a typical block diagram).Historically the steady burning lights have been 20 A lamps at 300 W ar mare.It is now passible ta meet the phatametrlc requirements for the white lightsIn the system using lamps with wattages below 300 W. These lower wattagelamps are rated 6.6 A and require 20A/6.6 A isolatlan tranafonners. Thadecision an which light ta use has an additional impact in thase situatianawhere fixtures are being installed on LIR supports. Where 20 A lamps areused, all the lampa are connected in series to a single 1,500 W transformer.Each fixture is provided with a shartirrgdevice which bypasaea the fixturewhen the lamp bums out. This vaa designed to reduce the number of canductoraexpaaed ta impact.farcea. If the lawer wattage lamps are used, this designapprOach ia noc practical becauae 20 A/6.6 A Transformer of sufficient vattage

16

MIL-HDBK-1023/1

-1---—-1

I I

Fi8ure 3Block Diagram of Approach Light Circuits

17

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

to handle the load are not available. It will be necessary to wire thefixturea conventionally to individual transformers.

2.1.10. Gon rol Rt eauirementa. Remote ayatem control ia required for turningthe ALS on or off and for Rrovidhg five-step intensity control for the steadyburning lights and three-step intensity control for the sequenced flaahera.The sequenced flaahing lights shall be coupled to the approach light controlsto provide brightness levels paired with the steady burning lights as shownbelow. Flaahing lights shall be capable of beimg switched off independentlyof the steady burning lights and shall not be operable unless the steadyburning lights are energized.

STEADY BURNING FLASRERINTENSITY STER ~ STEP

off off10r2 low (2.3 percent)

3 medium (10 percent)40r5 high (100 percent)

2.1.11 Monitoring. Monitoring of ALS performance ia not required but maybe included by specifying equipment that provides monitoring features.Monitoring may alao include a feature which cauaea en alarm to be sounded inthe control tower after the approach lights have been operating on brightnessStep 5 for a predetermined period. The alarm should be adjustable from 15 to30 minutes. An alarm silencing avitch shall be provided.

2.1.12 E~u n eau enta. Equipment ❑eeting the specifications givenin paras. 2.1.12.1 through 2.1.12.11 will satisfy the requirement forhigh-intensity ALS.

2.1.12.1 Semiflu h FixturesB (white>. Fixtures conforming to FAA AC150/5345-46, Type L-850E vithout filters may be used. When ordering, apecifYthe photometric requirements (ace Figure 4). Lempa shall be ae recommended bythe manufacturer to meet the requirement. Several manufacturers ❑ay meet therequirement using different lempa. In the interest of energy conservation theuse of lower vattage lamps ia preferred.

2.1.12.2 U at d Fix ursff. Fixtures conforming to FM-E-982G, EAR-56 Lamp-, vitho~t SYpasstrelay may be used with PAR-56 lampa that meet thephotometric requirements of Figure 4.

2.1.12.3 Elevated Fixtures Over 6 Ft Above Ground Level (A12L1. Flxtureaconforming to FAA-E-982G with bypaas relay may be used with 300 W, 20 AQ20A/PAR-56 lamp where it haa the frangibility required of the ayatem.

2.1.12.4 bight Fix urt e SuoDOrts o to 6 Ft AGL. Elevated light fixturesmounted O to 6 ft (O to 2 m) AGL are mounted on 2 in. (50 mm) diameter. EMTwhich is fitted at the bottom with a frangible coupling conforming to FAADrawing C-6046A, frangible COuDlin&. TvDe 1 and TVDe 1A. Detati.

2.1.12.5 L.iRhtFix Ure Wmortat Over 6 Ft AGL . Light fixtures elevatedbetween 6 ft (1.8 m) end 40 ft (12.1 ❑) AGL are supported on

18

KIL-RDBK-1023/l

Figure 4Photometric Requirements for High Intensity Approach LightiW SYstems

19

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

approach light support towers conforming to FAA-E-2702 end FAA Orawing Series0-6155, ALSF-2. 6“ to 128’ and MALS 40!,to 128’. LIR Structure . .Lightfixtures elevated more than 40 ft AGL are supported on 20-ft (6.09 m)telescoping masts conforming to FAA-E-27o2, Low IlnDaCtResiatant StN ctures.and FAA Orawing Series D-6155 which are installed on rigid eupporta.

2.1.12.6 RiRid SUDDOrt8 for Fixtures o er 40 Ft Av G&. Structural steelsupports fabricated in accordance with F~-E-910G, ~, end FAAOraving Series D-6076 may be used to support the 20-ft telescoping lightsupports.

2.1.12.7 JSO1 tion Traa naformera C.!u.5oow>. Isolation Tranaformera forfixtures elevated more than 6 ft AGL are 1,500 W, 20A conforming toFAA-E-2690, ~ 0 , when used vithfixtures wired in series to a eingle transformer.

2.1.12.8 Seouenced Fla her ~.a Sequenced flashers are ayatem oriented andmust be selected vith care to aaaure satisfactory service. The power andcontrol shall be compatible with the associated ALS equipment. All elevatedflasher units are “remote head units” vith the flaaher head mounted atop asupport and the unit power and control equipment installed at grade, or in thecase of very tall supports, on a service platform.

When retrofitting existing systems, flaaher units conforming to FM-E-23250,Mei - tens ac~ t dicat t,❑ay be installed and operated vith existing flasher system controls; however,the exiatiig controls will not take advantage of the three intensityoperational capability of the flaaher unit. Should brightness control berequired in a system upgrading, a flaaher ayatem control conforming toFAA-E-2325D ia compatible vith existing ALS control systems and providesbrightness control. Modification may be required to provide for 21-flasheroperation instead of the fiva specified for the control.

Flasher ayatema conforming to FM-E-26288, ~ tinR svst~

EM vated art~Semiflush vith Dhmmituaand ~ , or FAA-E-2689A, Dual Modenh Intenaitv ADDrOaCh Liahtinn Svatem (ALSF-2/SSASRl have all the required

contru’..features, and also have sophisticated monitori~ featurea, but thecontrols are solid state and require special interfacing with the ALScontrols. Flaaher units built to these apecificationa may be capacitivedischarge type or of a type knovn as Line Current Oischarge (LCO) vhichrequires different field viring.

2.1.12.9 $emiflush Seouenced Flaaher ~. Where required, in displacedthresholds, fixtures conforming to FM-E-26288 installed in a baae conformingto FAA-E-1315A, Liuht Base and Tr nafo~a vill satisfy thestandard. Caution must be taken to aasure electrical compatibility with theflaaher system.

2.1.12.10 &PDreach Liuht Power and Control. Equipment conformhg toFM-E-2689A shall be used for all nev installations and installations beingfully upgraded to present atandarda. Controls conforming to thisspecification employ digital logic and telephone type control lines endcontrol voltagea.

20

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

2.1.12.11 ~. Although some of the publicationslisted in paras. 2.1.13.1 through 2.1.13.3 ere not in complete egreement withthis handbook, they do contain significant information to aaaiat in thedevelopment of ALSF-1 system plans and apecificetions. If a conflict exists,the requirements of this handbook shall take precedence.

2.1.13 04~A C P-272 ~ve Des~

1404275 Approach Lighting System, Plan Layout,Elevation/Aiming Plan, Visibility Plan

1404276 Approech Lighting system, Approach LightingVault, One Line end Block Diagram

1404277 Approach Lighting System, Series Wiring, FixtureSchedule, Circuit Load Schedule

1404278 Approach Lighting System, SPL Wiring Diagram &Substation

1404279 Approach Lighting System, Threshold, 500 Ft &Wing Bars Road Sections

14042B0 Approach Lighting System, Terminating, 1000 FootCross and Centerline Bars

1404281 Approach Lighting System, Light Bar Sections,Tower & Z4iscelleneousDetails

2.1.13.1 FAA Svecificationa and Draw~

FM-C-2722

FM Drawing D-6131

Construction of a High Intensity Approach .Lighting System with Sequence Flashing Light forCategory II (ALSF-2) Runways

High Intensity Approach Lighting System withSequenced Series Flashing Li8hts (ALSP-2)

These specifications and drawings cover FAA standards for installation of enALSF-2 which is switchable to a Simplified Short Approached Light System(SSALR) mode. They can be adapted for installation of IJNSstandard ALSF-1 andALSF-2 syatems.

2.1.13.2

2.1.14

2.1.14.1

Guide Svec~

NPGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

ante with Int~

~ - This standard meets the Type B approach light system in ASCCAir S-dard 6514, ~.

2.1.14.2 ~ - This etendard meets or exceeds the hardware requirements foren approach lighting system built to NATO Stendarda. Aa of the date of thispublication, the configuration does not meet the RATO standard. It will meetthe standard of Edition 7 of STAf?AG3316, ~, when issued. FOrthe NATO configuration, use STAf?AG3316.

21

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

2.2 Hiuh-Intensitv AoDroech Li~ inu (A tit LSF-

2.2.1 ~. The ALSF-2 is a high-intensitysystem that is intended for use where operation duringweather minimums in required.

approach lightingCat. II or lover

2.2.2 Gonfiwrati on. The ALSF-2 illustrated in Figure 5 in configured anan ALSF-1 and haa been modified an follows:

a) The red side barrettea at the prethreshold and terminating barsare removed.

b) A 500-ft (152.4 m) bar ia added conaiating of 2 barrettes ofwhite lights placed symmetrically about and perpendicular to the systemcenterline in line with the centerline barrette at that station. Eachbarrette consists of 4 white lights on 5-ft (1.5 ❑) centers in the spacecentered between the centerline lights and aide row lights.

c) Side row lights are added to the inner 9-light stations. Theseaide rows consist of barrettes of 3 red lights placed symmetrically about andperpendicular to the system centerline at each of the inner 9-light stations.The lights in each barrette are on 5-ft centers and the inboard lights are 36ft (10.98 m) from the extended runway centerline.

d) Threshold lights, while technically not part of the UNS ALSF-2system, are modified an described in para. 3.2.3.2.

2.2.3 9ther Design C nsid0 erationa. All other design conaiderationa are aadescribed in para. 2.1 for ALSF-1, except that the tranafer time between poweraourcea ia reduced to 1 second during perioda of Cat. II operation (refer tOpara. 1.9.6.1 for further information),

2.2.4 GomDliante with Internationa1 MilitaN Stan6arda.

2.2.4.1 w. This standard meets the requirements for a Type C approachlight ayatem an described in ASCC Air Standard 65/4, tifiel d ADDreachLiuhting.

2.2.4.2 m. This standard haa no equivalent in the current iaaue of fiATO.STANAG 3316, Liuht~. It will meet the NATO atandarda for Cat. IIlighting when the Edition 7 of NATO STANAG 3316, Airfield Lighting, inpublished.

2.3 f!kdium-Intenaw ADProach Liuhts (MALSR) [Cat. Code

2.3.1 ~ t. The 14ALSRin a medium-intensity approach light systemwith runway alignment indicator lights. It is intanded for installation atUSN airfielda only in support of VFW or nonpreclaion instrument approached“vhereinstallation costs are a factor.

2.3.2 ~. The standard system conaiata of centerline lights, a1,000 ft (304.6 m) crossbar, and sequenced flaahlng lights. The centerline iacoincident with the extended runway centerline (ace Figure 6). The Overallsystem ia 2,400 ft (731.52 m) long, but may be shortened to as little as 1,400

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ft (426.7 m) where epace or construction problem ariae. Where ayatem? areshortened to less than 2,000 ft (609.6 m) flashers will be added to steadyburning light stations to provide a minimum of three flashing lights.

2.3.2.1 Gen erline Liuhtq.t Commencing at a point 200 ft (60.96 m) from thethreshold, centerline light barrettes shall be instelled at 200 ft intervalato a point 1,400 ft from the threshold. Each barrette consist of five whitesteady burning lights installed on 2.5-ft (0.76 m) centers.

2.3.2.2 Moo -Foot CroaabaK. The 1000-ft crossbar shall be instelled 1,000ft (304.8 m) from the threshold. It shell conslat of two side berrettesayrmsetricallyplaced ebout the extended runway centerline, in line with thecenterline barrette. Each side barrette shall be composed of five whitesteady burning li8hta spaced 2.5 ft apart. The innermost light of each sidebarrette is 23 ft (97 m) from the ayatem centerline.

2.3.2.3 Seauenced F1ashina Linht8,. Sequenced flashing lights shall beinstalled on the system centerline et 200 ft (61 m) intervals cormnencingat apoint 1,600 ft (487.7 ❑) and ending 2,400 ft (731.5 ❑) from the threshold.‘fheselights flash bluish white light at a rate of 2 flashes per second. Theyare flashed in sequence ao aa to appear aa a ball of light moving toward the

runway threshold.

2.3.2.4 Threahold Linht~ . While threshold lights are not considered partof the ayatem, the runway shall be provided with threshold lights inaccordance with para. 3.2.2.

2.3.3 l-ixture~. Fixtures installed in displaced threshold areaa shall beof the semiflush type with no part of the unit extending more than 1 in. (25mm) above the aurrourtdingpavement. All other light fixtures including thosein overruns will be elevated end capable of being aimed. All li8hta in theayatem are aimed toward the approach, parallel to the extended runwaycenterline in the horizontal plane. Sequence flashing lights shall be aimedvertically at an angle of +6”. Semiflush fixturea have fixed aiming.Elevated fixtures are to be aimed aa follows:

Setting Angle Setting Angleabove Horizontal above Horizontal

~ ~ .SEQ?22 (D ure eea)

14+00 3.5 6+00 3.5

12+00 3.5 4+00 3.5

10+00 3.5 2+00 3.0

8+00 3.5

Note: Each 1+00 station ia equivalent to 100 ft (30.5 m)

2.3.4 smmrt a. Elevated fixtures shall be supported on frangible, LIE,or aemifrangible aupporta, depending on the required mounting height.

2.3.4.1 Franaible SUDDOrtS . Frangible aupporta shall be used to mountlights up to 6 ft (1.8 ❑) above the ground. llreycOnsiat of ~ or IMCmounted on frangible couplings.

25

MIL-RDBK-1023/l

2.3.4.2 LIR sunDorts. LIR supports shall be used to support lights mounted6 ft to 40 ft (1.8 m to 12.2 m) hi8h. LIE supports shall be designed topresent a minimum of masa and to break when impacted. For MALSR installation,these supports shall be lightweight aluminum tubing held together by frictionfittings.

2.3.4.3 %mif ra-e suDDorc. Semifrangible supports are used to supportlights mounted more than 40 ft (12.2 m) above the ground. They aretwo-element stmctures; the lover element being a rigid structure and theuPPer element being a 20 ft (6.1 m) LIR.

2.3.5 Aovreach LiRht P1anq. The approach light plane 18 an area400 ft (121.9 m) wide centered on the system centerline which begins at therunway threshold end extends 200 ft (60.4 m) beyond the outermost light.Ideally all approach lights will be installed in a sin81e horizontal plane atthe same elevation as the threshold with no penetrations of the light plane.This should be achieved wherever poseible and practical. Where siteconditions dictate othervise, the information in paras. 2.3.5.1 and 2.3.5.2shall be applied.

2.3.5.1 L@h t Plane Penetration~. NO penetration of the light plane shallbe permitted except for ILS components md the MALSR distribution panela whichare fixed by their function. ‘fhesecomponents should not interfere with thepilot’s view of the approach lights when on a normal approach. For clearancepurposes, all roads, vehicle parking areas and railroada are considered asvertical solid objects. The clearance above Interstate highwaya is 17 ft (5.2m). The clearance required above other public roada and parking lots is 17ft, and for railroads la 25 ft (7.62 m). The clearance above private ormilitary roads 1s 10 ft (3.05 m). Airfield service roads where Craffic iscontrolled are not considered no obstructions. Control of the service roadtraffic may be accomplished by appropriate signs or directly by the controltower. The means of control and the wording of signs shall be an approved bythe Airfield Cocmsander.

2.3.5.2 ble Dev~. Approach lights in displaced thresholdareas will be semiflush and follow the contour of the pavement. Approachlights-~nstalledin the overrun will be elevated and frangibly mounted notmore t,,an14 in. (355.6 mm) above the ground except that where the overrun haanot been graded to the requirements of OM-21.01 the li8hts after station 2+00through station 8+00 may be elevated to a maximum of 6 ft (1.83 m) toestablish a uniform light plane which is within *1 percent of horizontal. “Cortnencingat station 8+00 through station 14+00 the light plane shall have auniform slope not greater than two percent positive or one percent negative.Commencing at station 14+00 the plane through the sequenced flashers may havea maximum permiaaable slope of two percent positive and 2-1/2 percentnegative. The plane of the flashers may have one change in gradient toinclude a minimum of three stations.

2.3.6 Wlitv Reouirementn. There shall be a clear line of sight toall linhts in the svstem from anv ooint on a surface 0.5° below the 81ide pathand ex~endin8 250 f;(4S7.7 m) beyond thethe glide path angle

(75.2 m) ea~h-side of the centerline, for up to-1,600-ftoutermost light of the system. Unless otherwise defined,❑ay be assumed to be 3“.

26

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

2.3.7 tion Adiustments. siting conaiderationa may dictate thatthe configuration of the approach light syetem will require adjustment. Theadjustments indicated in paraa. 2.3.7.1 and 2.3.7.2 are permissible withouteeekin~ a waiver.

2.3.7.1 Svatem Centar~ The ayatem centerline may be latarally displacedfrom the extended runway ce~terline a maximum of 2 ft (0.6 m).

2.3.7.2 LiRht Station Locationq. To avoid roada, buildings, railroada etc.it may be neceaaary to move a light bar longitudinally away from its nominallocation. Where this is neceaaary the light bar spacings should be changed touniformly distribute the difference so that the spacing between adjacent lightstationa shall be kept at 200 ft ~ 20 fc (60 m ~ 6 m) end overall systemlength is maintained.

2.3.8 Matallation Tolerances. Permlssable inacallation deviations fromthe design locations are aa follova:

a) Light atationa shall be installed within 6 in. (152.4 mm) of thedesignated location.

b) The lataral tolerance for(76.2 mm).

c) The tolerance or distancebarrette is + 1 in. (25 nun). “

installation of a light bar ia *3 in.

between individual lights in a

d) Mounting height tolerance are in accordance with the followingtable:

SLLPpIJRTHEIGiiT lQbEmNCES

o- 6 ft (0-1.8 m) 1 in. (25.4 mm)6+- 40 ft (1.8-12.2 m) 2 in. (50.8 mm)

40+ ft (12.2+ ❑) 3 in. (76.2 mm)

e) Deviation from a line perpendicular to the ALS centerlineis * 1 in. (25.4 mm).

f) Vertical angular alignment of a light wI1l be within 1°.

g) Horizontal angular allgnment of a light vill be vithin 5“.

2.3.9 Cal desj.gD Unlike moat other airfield lighting ayatemsthe MALSIfia ~ voltage cont~olled ayatem vired in multipla (parallel).Single phase 120/240 V power ia furnished to the steady burning lights atmaximum intensity. Single phase power 120/240 V is required for theaequencad flaahing light ayatem. MALSR pover end control equipment shallhave weatherproof encloaurea end be suitable for exterior installation (aceFigure 7 for a typical functional relationship of a KALSR system).

2.3.10 Controla. The MALSR is to ba provided vith remote end localon/off and 3-step brightneaa controls. On/off and intensity controls forthe sequence flashers vill be coupled to the control of the steady burning

27

PIIL-K12BK-1023/l

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77TIIHEEI

I

1111

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r-+l$+id”

—L L-j

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Ht EN

Figure 7Functional Relationship of Unite MALSR

28

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

lights. The sequence flashers shall be capable of being switched off .independently of the steady burning lights and may not be operated unlessthe steady burning lights are energized. The brightness steps for thesystem are aa follows:

FLASHERS ILLUM1f?ATIORIfWENSITY

SEQUEf?CESTEADY BURNING LIGHTS ILLUMINATION

STEP ~ ~.

Righ 120/240 V 100 100Medium 75/150 v 20 10Lov 50/100 v 4 2.3

OFF OFF

2.3.11 ~auiument Reauirements

2.3.11.1 Semiflu h FixturW. Fixtures conforming to FM AC 150/5345-46,Type L-850B, withsno filter may be used where semlfluah fixtures arerequired. The fixture shall be specified without toe-in. These fixturesare used with a 200 U lamp de.vibnedfor current regulated systems andrequire a special 240 V/30.3 V, 200 W transformer which is to be providedby the fixture manufacturer. These fixtures and transformer may be mountedin bases conforming to FM AC 150/5345-42B.

2.3.11.2 ~ d tu Fixturea specified in FAA-E-2325D may be usedfor elevated ~ixtures. Lam~s may be either 120 V 150 W PAR-38, 150PAR/SPor 120 V 120 W PAR-38, 150 PAR/SP meeting the photometric requirementsgiven in Figure 8.

2.3.11.3 ~. Flasher units conformi”~ to FAA-E-2325Dmay be used to satisfy the requirement.

2.3.11.4 SemiflUsh F1asher Unitq. If required for installation indisplaced threshold areas, flasher units shall conform CO FAA-E-2628B andbe installed in a baae conforming to FM-E-1315A. Caution shall beexercised to asaure electrical compatibility with the remainder of thesequence flaaher system.

2.3.11.5 ~. Elevated W@t f~xtureamounted O to 6 ft (O to 1.83 m) AGL are mounted on EFf2or IMC fitted at thebottom with a frangible coupling conforming to FM Drawing C-6046A.

2.3.11.6 Littht Fix uret Suouorts over 6Ft AGL. light fixtures elevatedbetween 6 ft and 40 ft (12.2 m) AGL are supported on approach light supporttowers conforming to either FAA-E-2604, ~ aBedium-Int n i v ADDr ach Liah inn SVBWest 0 t s, or FAA AC 150/5345-45.Supports conforming to FAA-E-2702 may alao be used but are generally moreexpensive. Light fixturea elevated more than 40 ft AGL are supported on20-ft (6.1 m) teleacopirtgmasta conformlrrgto FAA-E-2702 and FM DrawingSeries D-6155 which are installed on rigid supports.

2.3.11.7 ~ G. Structural ateel”supports fabricated in accordance with FM-E-91OG and FM Orawings Series0-6076, ALSF-2 An~tem 6!-$$ to 4Q‘ may be used to supportthe 20-ft (6.1 m) telescoping light supports.

29

DEGREESvERTICAL

10W AVERAGE

50?4 AVERAGE

20” OEGREESHORIZONTAL

NOTES:

1. ALL CONTOURS CALCULATEO 8Y FORMULA&* +~z:” 1.,’

2. THE MINIMUM AVERAGE CANOELA OF THER MAIN BEAMIS 7500 Cd IN WHITE.

3. THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY SHOULO NOT EXCEEO 1.5 TIMESTHE ACTUAL AVERAGE.

Figure 8Photometric Requirements for Medium Intensity Approach Lights

30

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

2.3.12 power ond Control EauiDment. MALSR power and control equipmentconforming to FAA-E-2325D, ALSF-2 ADDrOaCh Liahtima Svetem 6’0” to 40’, may beused to provide power end control to the lights. It will include a controlcabinet which contains all devices necessary to control both the steadyburning lights and the sequenced flashers end a pover transformer unit capableof powering the steady burning lights at the three voltages required for thebrightness atepa.

2.3.13 Additional Deaian Guidance. Although some of the following sourcesare not in complete agreement with this handbook, they contain significantinformation that can assiat in the development of MALSffplans andspecifications.

2.3.13.1 Definitive Deaiun Drawinus. The folloving design drawings in NAVPACP-272 apply:

1404510 MALSR Plan and System Details1404511 MALSR System Riser Diagram1404512 MALSR System Schematic Diagram1404513 MALSR System Equipment Mounting Detaila1404514 MALSR Tower and Foundation Detaila1404515 MALSR 1,000-ft Croa6bar and Foundation Details

2.3.13.2 FAA Soecifications and DrawinKa.

FAA-C-2626A

FAA Drawing Series

Construction of a Medium-Intensity ApproachLighting System with Runway Alignment IndicatorLights (MALSR) and of Runway End IdentificationLights (RSIL) Syatam.

FIALSRwith Threshold Lights andLov-Impact-Reaiatant D 6213 Series Structure.

2.3.13.3 ~ cat

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

2.3.14 nce With There are no NATOor ASCC standards for medium-intensity approach light systems.

2.4 Dn av End Ide~ (cat. COde 136-Ww

2.4.1 ~.a Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) consist of twosynchronized flaahing lights located near the runway threshold to providerapid and positive identification of the approach end of a runway. Theselights have been adopted to replace the obsolete Runway Identification Lights(RIL) formerly employed aa the standard.

2.4.2 KUratio~. The light unite are configured as ahown inFigure 9. The optimum location ia 50 ft (15 m) from the runway edge and inline with the axiating runway threshold lights. The light units maY belocated laterally up to 75 ft (22.8 m) from the runway edge and longitudinally50 ft dovnvind (toward the approach) from the line of the threshold. Theselocation tolerance should be employed aa required to keep the light units a

31

f!IL-HDBK-1023/l

.

REIL

—. Her—

1 +

PA{ALLEL TO RUNWAY CENTERLINE

1,50.7 Y{15m.22.5m)

I EXISTING RUNWAY

:/THRESHOLO LIGHTS

.

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0!31 ~E~

RuNWAY CENTERLINE—.— — -

> *

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1

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ECIUAL TOOPPOSITE SIOE ~

\E:L*->—

PARALLEL TO RUNWAY CENTERLINE

41MJNc @\

,. ..-.

NOTES:

1. LONGITUDINAL LOCATION OF REIL FIXTURES MAY BE VARIEDFROh! IN LINE WITH THRESHOLO TO 50 FEET 00 WNWINO OFTHRESHOLO. BOTH FIXTURESWILL 8E AT THE SAME OISTANCE.

2. UNIDIRECTIONAL FIXTURE IS ILLUSTRATE. FOR OMNIDIRECTIONALFIXTURE. IGNORE HORIZONTAL AlMlNO.

Figure 9Typical REIL Configuration

32

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

minimum distance of 50 ft from other runways or taxiways. The light unitsshall be located aa nearly equidistant from the runway centerline aapracticable with the difference in the distance of the two lights to thecenterline not exceeding 10 ft (3 m). The elevation of both units shall be

within 4.5 ft (1.38 m) of a horizontal plane through the runwaycenterline. When a REIL is installed on the same runway as a VASI or PAPI,the REIL light units shall be located 75 ft from the runway edge.

2.4.3 Fixtures. Light fixtures for ESIL systems may be eitherunidirectional or omnidirectional. Both types of fixtures should becapable of being baffled to block areas of uovented light.

2.4.4 Orientation of Liuht Unita

2.4.4.1 IJnidirectional SYstema. Unidirectional light units are aimed atan angle of 10” vertically and toed out (directed outvard from a lineparallel to the runway centerline) 15”. Baffles shall not be used unlesswarranted by user complaint of severe glare effects, flight inspectionfindinga, andlor environmental impact. In these caaes, bafflea may beinstalled aa a system option.

2.4.4.2 -l rectional Svntemq. Omnidirectional light units are alignedwhen light units are plumb. Baffles shall not be used unleaa warranted byuser complaint of severe glare effects, flight inspection findings, and/orenvironmental impact. In these cases, bafflea may be installed aa a systemoption.

2.4.4.3 Peviati!ma. The aiming criteria aa specified may not provideaatiafactory results at some locations and readjustment of either or bothof the vertical and horizontal aiming angles may be required. Thehorizontal aiming of the beam exia shall not be leas than 10” nor more than20° outward from the line parallel to the runway centerline.

2.4.5 Power Reauirementa. REIL systems require 120/240 Vac typeelectric power. If a 120/240 Vac power source is not readily oreconomically available the system may be powered from the runway edgelights using a suitable power adapter aa recommended by the equipmentmanufacturer (ace Figure 10).

2.4.6 $ontrol B.eauirements. SEIL systems may be controlled separatelyor may be coupled to the associated runway edge lights through currentsensing relays or other devices. When coupled to the runway edge lights,the lights should operate as follows:

Brightness otepe 1 or 2 Low intenaityBrightness step 3 Medium intensityBrightness steps 4 or 5 High intensity

2.4.7 t Reauire~

2.4.7.1 ~. For undirectional equipment, fixtures,power end control equipment shall be either PM AC 150/5345-51, Npe L-849Eor FAA-E-2159C.

33

MIL-HOBK-1023/l

RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTING CIRCUIT

Io.1

E, Fll%!’”’+ 1

1Im 1I

MASTER 1CONTROL --------- -1

CABINET

Figure 10Block Diagram for EBIL System

34

MIL-1fDBK-1023/1

2.4.7.2 ~. For omnidirectional equipment, .fixtures, power and control equipment shall be either FAA AC 150/5345-51,Sr.edificationfor Disch?.rKe tine Flaaher Eaviom ue , Type L-959F orFAA-E-2651.

2.4.7.3 SuuDorto. All equipment mounted ebove grade will be supported onfrengible couplings conforming to FM Drawing C-6046A.

2.4.8 tlad~ tional I)eSiRII GuidanU. Although some of the followingpublications may not be in complete agreement with thla handbook, theycontain significant information that can aaaiat in the development of REILplana and apecificationa:

a) Definiti e M.WmL!mv winna. Aa of the date of thispublication, NAVFAC P-272 does not contain definitive design dravinga forREIL inatallationa.

b) FM Specifications end Drawiruzs

AA-C-2626A Construction of a Medium-Intensity ApproachLighting System with Runway AlignmentIndicator Light (MALSR) and of a Runway EndIdentifier Light (REIL) System FAA DrawingSeries Runway End Identifier Lights sheets8, 9, and 10 D-5888

c) Guide SDecifia tiona:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Air,fieldLighting

2.4.9 -ante With International Warv Standards. Facilitiesestablished in accordance with this handbook shall meet the requirements offJATo STANAG 3316, WJmuAMm, and Ascc Air Stand!rd 6514, Akfkl— dDD roach ht~, for REIL eyatenm.

2.5 Related Liuhtinx SVBtema (Cat. 13 4}

Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) ayetema and Precision Approach PathIndicator (PAPI) are additional approach guidance systems not covered bythis handbook. Design information for these ayatema may be found in RAVFACDM-23.02, liavi$!ationaland Tra~.

35

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Section 3: RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

3.1 iikh-Intensitv fhm w Eduhta ( at. Code 136-301w c

3.1.1 EWP.fW2. High-Intensity Runway Edge Lights (HIRL) are installedto provide visual guidance during takeoff and landing operations at nightand under low visibility conditions.

3.1.2 ~. Runway edge lights are located on both aidea of therunway on lines not more than 2 ft (0.61 m) from the edge of the fullstrength paving designated for runway use. Both lines of lights are to beequidistant from the runway centerline (sea Figure 11). Individual lightsshall be laterally not ❑ore than 2 in. (50.8 mm) from the line of lights.

Longitudinally, the lights are equally spaced along the runway light lineswithin *1 ft (0.3 m). The distance between lights ia determined bydividing the distance between the threshold lights into equal apaceaapproaching but not exceeding 200 ft (60 m). The proper number of apaceaia determined by dividing the ayatem length.by 200 and, if the result ianot a whole number, rounding upward to the next whole number.

Lights on opposite aidea of the runway shall be placed in a line not morethan 0.5” from perpendicular to the runway centerline. Fixturea shall beoriented so that the toe-in of the main beama are within 1° of beingequal in both directions. Fixtures shall be mounted level to preserve thevertical aiming.

3.1.2.1 Elevated Link a. Elevated lights will be used in all inatankeaexcept as noted in para. 3.1.2.3. Elevated fixtures shall be frangiblymounted a maximum of 14 in. (355.6 mm) above grade. At airfielda wherefrequent anov accumulation of 12 in. (304.8 mm) or more are experiencedthe mounting height may be increaaed to not more,than 24 in. (609.6 mm).

3.1.2.2 $emiflu h Fixtures a. Semiflush fixtures will be used in areaswhere elevated lights are subject to damage due to jet blast, operation ofan arreating barrier, interaectlng pavementa, or interference with aircraftoperation (ace Figure 11). Semifluah fixturea shall not protrude more than1 in. (25.4 mm) above the aurroucrding surface.

3.1.3 Power Reauirements. HIRL are series circuited and generallyrequire 6.6 A regulated electric power. While either 6.6 A or 20 A powermay be used, 20 A circuits are preferred for high-intensity light aystema.Care should be taken to select isolation tracraformerathat provide thecorrect interface between lamP and power supply. When sizing regulator,consideration should be given to ancillary loads, such as wind indicatorlights or runway distance ❑arkera which may be connected to the circuit.

3.1.4 GOntrOl Reauirement.q. HIRL aystema require on/off controls andbrightneaa control with fiva intensity stepa.

36

_A_

.

Figure 11High Intensity Runway Edge Light

37

Configuration

MI L-EDBK-1023/l

3.1.5 ~“

3.1.5.1 Elevated Fixtur~. Elevated iight fixtures shall meet therequirements of MIL-L-5904D, .Li8ht.Run av H rker. Elw a evated. me C-1 orFAA AC 150/5345-46 A, Type L-862. Colored filters, where required fordisplaced threshold areas, shall meet the requirements of the epecificationand be compatible vith the fixture. Lemps shall be as recommended by themanufacturer to ❑eet the photometric requirements given in Figure 12.Manufacturer may meet the requirement using different lamps. In theinterest of energy conservation, the uae of lower wattage lempa lapreferred.

3.1.5.2 Semiflu h Fia xtures. Semifluah fixtures meeting the requirementsof FAA AC 150/5345-46, Type L-850C viii satisfy the standard. Lamps shallbe as recommended by the manufacturer to meet the requirement of Figure12. Manufacturers may meet the requirement using different lempa. In theinterest of energy conservation, the use of lower wattage lamps la”preferred.

3.1.6 ~. Although some of the follovi~publications may not be in complete agreement with this handbook, theycontain aignificant information that may assist in the development of fiISLplans and apecif icationa:

a) itive Deb DraWillRQ:

1404284 Runway Lighting, Edge Lights end flarkera1404288 Runway Lighting Ductline Plan, Hendhole Details

FAA AC 150/5340-24 Runway end Toxivay Edge Lighting System

c) Guide SDe ificationq:c

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

3.1.7: ‘ ComDli nce w~~.a HIEL systems,as described, meet the requirements of NATO STANAG 3316, ~eld Linhting,and ASCC Air Standard 65/lE, Run av L~.w

3.2 ~eahold Liah at (Cat, Code 136-W

3.2.1 EJm2Q2Q. Threshold lights are inatelled to provide positiveidentification of the beginning of the operational runway surface forapproaching aircraft at night or under IFS conditions.

3.2.2 ~aaic C@nuratiqD. The threshold lights are installed in aline perpendicular to the runway centerline extended at each end of therrrnvay. The line of lights is located outside the usable lending area adistance of not more then 5 ft (1.5 m), aee Figure 13. TheY cOnaist of tvOacts of lights. One set is centered on each line of runway edge lights.The spacin&s between lights in a aet are 10 ft *2 in. (3 m * 50.8 mm).

3B

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

DEGREES

HORIZONTAL

t

RUNWAY EOGE LIGHT

FOR RUNWAYS 200’ (60mj OR GREATER IN WIDTH

mNOTES:

1. ALL CONTOURS CALCULATEO BY FORMULA ‘] +12 -1.,2 ~2

2. THE MINIMUM AVERAGE CANDELA OF THE MAIN EEAMiS10,000Cd IN WHITE.

3. THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY SHOULO NOT EXCEEO 1.5 TIMESTHE ACTUAL AVERAGE.

4. FOR SEMI FLUSH FIXTURES. THE PORTION OF THE LIGHTEEAM BEING CUT OFF BY THE MOUNTING SURFACE MAY

BE OISREGAROEO.

Figure 12Photometric Requirements for HlglrIntensity Runway Edge Lights

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3.2.3 Enhancements with ADDreach Liaht-. Where high intensity ,apprOach li6hts are installed (ALSF-1 or ALSF-2) the basic thresholdlighting system will be enhanced by the installation of additionalthreshold lights (refer to paras. 3.2.3.1 and 3.2.3.2).

3.2.3.1 ~. Additional threshold lights shall be installed in thegap between the two sets in the basic configuration (see Figure 14).These lights shall be evenly spaced across the gap at a maximum spacing of10 ft (3.04 m). The fixtures may be elevated except that a minimum 70 ft(21.3 m) wide “’gate”centered on the runway centerline will be provided.Threshold lights in the “gate” area shall be aemiflush. No part of anyelevated fixture may be within 35 ft (10.6 m) of the runway centerline.

3.2.3.2 ALsE2. Threshold Light enhancement for ALSF-2 are similar tothe ALSF-1 enhancement except that the spacing for the lights in the gapis decreased ao aa not to exceed 5“ft (1.5 m) and additional lights areinstalled in the baaic configuration to reduce the spacing to 5 ft in thatarea as well. See Figure 14 for detaila on the gap area and Figure 15 fordetails on the enhancement to the area of the baaic configuration.

3.2.4 Fixturea. Except where installed in displaced thresholds, or

where subject to arresting gear damage, elevated fixtures shall be used inthe baaic configuration. For displaced threaholda, or where subject toarresting gear damage, the fixtures shall be semiflush. Elevated fixtureaare to be frangibly mounted not more than 14 in. (355.6 mm) above therunway surface and all fixtures should be a udform dlatanr.e above grade.

At airfields where frequent snow accumulation of 12 in. (304.S mm) or moreare experienced the mounting height may be increased to not more than 24in. (609.6 m). Semiflush fixturee shall project not more than 1 in. (25.4mm) above the surrounding surface. While unidirectional fixtures emittinggreen light toward the approach are satisfactory, bidirectional fittingsemitting green light toward the approach and red light toward the runwaymay be substituted aa required where the threshold lights and runway endlights are collocated. Semifluah fixtures and bidirectional elevatedfixtures have fixed vertical and horizontal aiming.

Where bidirectional fixtures having main becms that are not aimed 180”apart in the horizontal are used, the main beam shall be symmetricallytoed-in toward the runway centerline. Unidirectional fixtures are to beinstalled with the main beam parallel to the runway centerline in thehorizontal plane. Unidirectional elevated fixtures should be aimedvertically at an angle of 6“.

3.2.5 power and Control Reau~. The threshold llghta in the

basic configuration are connected to and controlled by the runway edgelight power and control ayatem. The threshold light enhancement areconnected to and controlled by the aoaociated approach lighting ayatem.

3.2.6 -om nt Requiremente a

3.2.6.1 uevated ~onal L-. Elevated bidirectional lightfixtures shall be in accordance vith MIL-L-26990B, JAht. Marker. AirDoL t

A~ Inte it y Type MB-l vith 503 W, 20A, Q20A/T20/3 lamps(red/~reen filters ~y be used to satisfy the requirementof thishandbaok). Dichroic green filters may be used to maximize light output.

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

3.2.6.2 E2e ated IJnidirecv tional Liahts. Elevated unidirectional lightfixtures shall be in accordance with MIL-L-26764B, ~ADDreach. HiRh I.ntenaity Type 24S-2or FAA-B-982G vith green filters.Fixtures conforming to FM-E-982G are preferred for operational safety,becauae they are lighter in weight and more easily fractured into smallerpieces upon impact. PAR-56 lempa meeting the photometric requirements ofFigure 16 shall be used.

3.2.6.3 $emiflu h LIRs ~. %miflush fixtures shall be in accordance withFAA AC 150/5345-46, Type L-850E with green filters. Dichroic green filterashall be used in the fixtures. Lampa ahal1 be ae recommended by themanufacturer to meet the photometric requirements of Figure 16.

3.2.7 Additional Deaiun Guidan@. Although the following publicationsmay not be in complete agreement with this handbook, they containsignificant information to aaaiat in the design of threshold lightingsystems. Where conflict exists between this handbook and the sources citedbelow, this handbook takee precedence:

a)

b)

c)

h’AffFACP-272 DfX.initive DeaiftnDrawing4:

1404286 Runway Lighting, Touchdown Zone and ThresholdLights

1404279 Approach lighting System, Threshold, 500-footand Wing Bara

EM A6Visory Circu~:

AC 150/5340-24 Runway and Taxiway Edge Lighting System

Guide Snecification.q:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

3.2.8 GomDliance With tam Standard8. Thresholdlighting systems installed in accordance vlth this handbook shall meet therequlr-menta of !JATOSTANAG 3316, ~ and ASCC Air Standard65/lE, Run avw ~, Provided that the number of bidirectionalfixtures lnatalled is limited to the minimum number required to satisfy thestandard for runway end lights.

3.3 Run av End Lizhta (Cat. Gode 136-dQ.lw

3.3.1 ~. R~way end llshts are installed to define the end ofthe operational runway surface for aircraft on lending rollout or takeoff.They are required on all lighted runways.

3.3.2 ~. A minimum of 10 runway end lights are to bearranged in two groups symmetrical about and perpendicular to the runwaycenterline pointing towards the runway side of the thrashold at each end ofthe runway. Intervala between liRhts in each grouD are not to exceed 10 ft

(3.05 m).- They are to belength of usable pavementin the line of the runway

positlo~ed not more ~hen-5 ft (1.5 m) beyond theand the outboard moat light In each group will beedge lights (see Figure 17).

44

MIL-EiDBK-1023/l

DEGREES DEGREES

vERTICAL vERTICAL

t

/ /1 + MIN. AVEilAGE ~ / /1~ Ml fA. AVER

4 I I I 1 1 “.” ”...

~unm,7 *., ”,..-

A. OUTBOARD THR’ESHOLO LIGHTS. B. IN80AR0 THRESHOLO LIGHTS.

GREEN, ELEVATEO GREEN, ELEVATEO OR SEMIFLUSH

1.50% II= 10%

m

1.50% II=lo%”

w

NOTES

1. ALL CONTOURS ARE ELLIPSES CALCULATE BY FORMULA ++$.l.

2. THE MINIMUM AVERAGE INTENSITY OF THE MAIN BEAM ONSIOE CONTOUR IIIS 10.000 Cd, AVIATION GREEN. MAXIMUM INTENSITY SHOULO NOT EXCEEO1.5 TIMES ACTUAL AVERAGE.

1 MINlh!UM INTENSITY OF I = 50%AN0 II. 10X OF REINJIREO MAIN BEAM INTENSITY.

4. PORTIONS OF THE LIGHT BEAM CUT OFF BY THE MOUNTING SURFACE

MAY BE OISREGAROEO.

Figure 16Photometric Requirements for Threshold Lighte

45

MIL-IfOBK-1023/l

-.. -rlgure LIIyDical Runway Knd Light Configuration

46

3.3.3above thethresholdredlgreendisplaced

3.3.4

MIL-RDBK-1023/l

~. Runway end llght fixturea are elevated to the acme heightsurface aa the runway edge end threshold lights. If collocated withlights, they may be incorporated in bidirectional fixtures withfiltera. If installed at the end of the usable pavement inthreshold areas, they are bidirectional red.

PJwer and Control R~. Runway end lights are connected toand controlled by the associated runway edge lighting circuit.

3.3.5

3.3.5.1 !W..bcated Thre ~s s. Bidirectional fixtures shall be inaccordmce with MI L-L-26990B, Type MB-1 with 503 W 20 A, Q20A/T20/3 lempa withredlgreen filters.

3.3.5.2 ~ Thream. Where installed at the end of the usablepavement in displaced threshold areas fixtures end lempa as described in para.3.3.5.1 may be used with red/red filters or fixtures conforming to FM AC150/5345-46, mpe L-862 may be used with redlred filters end lampa aarecommended by the manufacturer.

3.3.6 Additional Desiun Guidar&&. Although the following publications maynot be in complete agreement with thie handbook, they do contain significantinformation to aaaist in the design of runway end lighting aystema. Whereconflict exiata between this handbook end the sources listed below, thishandbook takes precedence:

a) EAVPAC P-272 Defititive Deti Drawi~:

1404286 Runway Lighting, Touchdown ione andThreshold Lights

1404279 Approach Lighting System, Threshold, 500-ftand Wing Bara

b) E&4 Ad iaorv CircuM.KLi:v

AC 150/5340-24 Runvay

c) ~:

and Texiway Edge Lighting Systems

WCS J.M6Q

3.3.7 ence With Int~QiQw&J&. Runway end

lighting systems as described meet the requlremanta of UATO STA17AG3316,~field Linhting, end ASCC Air Standard 65/lB, weld Run av Liahw ting.

3.4 ~tinu With ~da (Cat. Code 136-6.Q)

3.4.1 QnfJ21A. The threehold, which ia the beginning of the lendingarea, may not be at the beginning of the full strength runway pavement. Itmay have been displaced because of obstructions in the approach or otheroperational problems. Where area of full strength pavement in front of thethreshold ia required for takeoff operationa or for rollout on lendinga

47

from the opposite direction,be necessary.

IIIL-2iDBK-1023/l

changes to the standards for runway lighting will

3.4.2 PennanentIv DisD1aced Thresholds. See Figure 18 for a typicallayout of permanently displaced threshold areas.

Ideally, the threshold lights will be installed.on the theoretical thresholdline but may be displaced a maximum of 2 ft (O.6 m) into the approach to avoidconstruction joints. They are confi8ured aa described in para. 3.2.Threshold fixtures in the paved area shall be semiflush.

Where the permanently displaced threshold area is not to be used for rolloutor takeoff, it is considered to be part of the paved overrun and will belighted and marked as such.

3.4.2.1 Runvav End LiRh&R. Runway end lights shall be installed inaccordance with para. 3.3, with dimenaiona referenced from the end of theusable takeoff/rollout area.

3.4.2.2 Bunwav Edne Linht@. Runway edge llghta in the displaced sectionshall be nodified to show red toward the approach direction end white towardtha runway.

3.4.2.3 ~unwa.fCenterline LiAh&R. Runway centerline lights facing theapproach shall be blanked in the displacement area if the length of thedisplacement ia less than 700 ft (213.4 m). If the displacement is 700 ftor greater, the centerline lights in the area shall be circuited separatelyand switched so aa to be capabla of being turned off during landingoperations. If a high-intensity approach lighting system ia installed in thedisplacement area, this switching capability ia not required.

3.4.2.4 4DDrOaCh m. Approach lights will be installed in accordancevith this handbook, using the theoretical threshold line as the reference andthe threshold lights shall be enhanced as appropriate for the system beinginstalled.

3.4.3 ~. ~era the threahOld iS OnlYtemporarily displaced end the duration of tha displacement is insufficient towarrant the relocation of all facilities, the followi~ shall apply:

a) The permanent threshold llghta will be disabled end a aet oftemporary threshold lights conforming to para. 3.2.2, shall be installed onthe line of the dlaplaced threshold. The outboard lights may be ateke mountedand the inboard lights may be mounted on planking or otherwise, but must besecurely held in place ao as to avoid accidental movement. Cabling andtransformers may be placed above ground but must be protected from accidentaldamage.

b) Runway edge lights in the displacement area will be providedwith red filters in both directions.

c) Any approach lighting system, VASI, or PAPI system aarving thatend of the runway will be disabled.

48

PIIL-BDBK-1023/l

Figure 18Permanent Displaced threshold Configuration

49

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

d) The number panels of runway distance markers facing toward theOPpOsite end apprOach shall be blanked or temporarily replaced with new numberpanela reflecting the shorter distance to go. Renumbering wIII be done sothat at least 1,000 ft (304.8 m) remains between the laat number (#1) and thedisplaced runway end.

e) Runway centerline lights will have red flltere replaced orrelocated to conform to the standard for‘the last 3,OOO ft (914.4 m) of runway.

3.5 ~wav Cent~ta (cat. Code 136-~

3.5.1 ~. Runway Centerline Lights (RCL) consist of a row ofbidirectional lights installed along the runway centerline to provide lateralguidance during rollout and takeoff roll. They are color coded at each end toprovide “distance to go”’information.

3.5.2 Gonflauratioq. The lights shall be in a straight line wliichshallbe offset not more than 2 ft (0.6 m) to avoid conflict with centerlinemarkings and construction joints. ‘fhelights shall be either “’tailhookreaiatant” spaced at 25 ft (7.6 m) or “standard duty” spaced at 50 ft (15.2m), as directed. The lights shall be white except that the roll out endsshall be color coded faci~ the approach enda in the following manner. Thelights facing the approach shall be alternate red and white from a point 3,000ft from the runway end to 1,000 ft from the runway end and shall be all redthereafter (see Figure 19).

3.5.3 ~. The fixtures shall be bidirectional aemiflush, eithertailhook resistant or standard duty as ordered. Fixtures ❑ay not extend morethan 0.5 in (12.7 mm) above the pavement.

3.5.4 POwer and Control Svateq. RCL aystams require independent on/offcontrol and brightness control with five intensity stepa. The controls shallbe arranged ao that the RCL system cannot be energized unless the associatedrunway edge lights are on.

3.5.5 Eau~oment ReWWhsmm.W

3.5.5 .’1; J?ook-ResistantL~t Fixtur~. There is no qualifying specificationfor these hook-resistant light fixtures. The fixture generally used iareferred to aa an L-852N-2 since it is a derivative of the FAA AC 150/5345-46,Dpe L-852 fixture. The L-852R-2 ia a ruggedized version which ia designedspecifically for USN application. Crouae Hinds Corporation is the only knovnmanufacturer. The fixture ia available in Types V, VI, VII, and VIII. TypesV and VI are designed to be inset directly in pavement and Types VII, and VIIIare designed for installation on ❑ounting bases. Lampa are to be 65 W of atype recommended by the fixture manufacturer. Where more than one fixture iaconnected to a single isolation transformer, the fixtures shall be orderedwith bypasa devices or relaya.

3.5.5.2 S .Mard Outv LiRht Fixtur~. Fixtures shall be FM AC 150/5345-46,Type L-850 ~. Claaa 1 fixtures are designed for insetting directly inpavement and claas 2 fixturea are desi8ned for installation on mountingbaaaa. Lamps shall be as recommended by the manufacturer to meet thephotometric requirements of the Advisory Circular. Where more than one

50

MIL-E5DBK-1023/l

IRUNWAY LENGTH A

v.

RUNWAY ENO2000’ (600ml , A 1000’ 1300m)

v9

/0

SEE NOTE3 — -

3/,,

—.0000000 0000 0000 .-—!

—1 ~SEENOTE2

NOTES:

1. THE RCLSHALL SE OF FSETNOT MO RETHAN2FEET (0.6m)RlGHT OR LEFT OF THEFILJNWA YCENTERLINE. THE LATERAL TO LERANCE FROM THE LINE OF LIGHTStONElNCH125mml.

2. THE RCLSHALL BE EQUALLY SPACEOAT 25 FEET 173m)FOR HOOK RESlSTANTLlGHTSAN050FEET (15ml FOR STANOAR0 OUTY LIGHTS. THE LONG ITUOINAL TOLERANCE1S:2 FEET (0.6ml.

3. THE FIRSTLIGHT FROM EITHERENO OF THE RUNWAY SHALL BE NOT LE~THAN12.5 FEET (4.2m} AND NOT MORE THAN 25 FEET {7.5ml FOR HOOK RESISTANTFIXTURES ANO FOR STANOARO OUTY FIXTURES NOT LESS THAN 50 FEET (15mlANO NOT MORE THAN 87.5 FEET (Z6.4ml.

SYMBOLS

0 BIDIRECTIONAL RCL. WHITE EOTHOIRECTIONS

~ EIOIRECTIONALRCL. REO IN OIRECTION OF BLACK SIOE. WHITE IN OIRECTIONOF WHITE SIOE

Figure 19EZunvayCenterline Lighting Layout

51

MIL-ifDBK-1023/l

fixture is connected to a single isoletion transformer, the fixtures shallbe ordered with bypass devices or releys.

3.5.6 Additionel Design Guidance. Although the following publicationsmay not be in complete agreement with this handbook, they contain”significant information to aaaiat in the design of runway centerlinelighting systems. Where conflict exists between this handbook end thesources listed below, this handbook shell take precedence:

a) NA~A C P-272 De~i ve Dea~: w

1404283 Runway Lightins Circling Guidance, TouchdownZone end Centerline Plena end Typical Wiring

b) FM A dvieocv Circular@:

FAA AC 150/5340-4 Runway Centerline and Touchdown Zone LightingSystems

c) Guide Snecifications:

NFGS 16S60 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

3.5.7 nce with I~arv Standnrda. Standard duty RCLfixturea installed in accordance with this handbook aatisfy NATO STANAG 3316,Airfield Liaht~ , and ASCC Air Standard 65/12, Category II ~ ~and Markinu Standarda. Systems employing hook-resistant fixtures will notmeet the photometric requirement of NATO or ASCC.

3.6 Duchdovn Zone Liahta (Cat. Code lW

3.6.1 ~. Touchdown Zone (TDZ) lights are a system of lightsinstalled in the runway pavement to define the flareout and touchdown area toapproaching alrcraft.

3.6.2 Ll! tiorl. TDZ lights consist of two rova of high-intensity lightbarrettes arranged symmetrically about the centerline of the runway. The tworows of light barrettes are located within the TOZ of the runway. The systemextenda from the threshold of the usable landing area toward to upwind end of .the runway, a distance of 3,000 ft (914.4 m). The light barrettea shall belocated in each row at 100-ft (30.5 ❑) intervals. Each light barrette shallcontain three lights spaced at 5 ft (1.5 m) on center. The inboard lightshall be 36 ft (10.97 m) from the runway centerline (see Figure 20).

3.6.3 Eixture Rea irem.en!ia.u TDZ lights shall be unidirectional white andshall be scmiflush, with no part of the fixture protruding more than 0.5 in(12.7 mm) above the surrounding surface.

3.6.4 Power and Centrol Reauirementa. TDZ lighting systems requireindependent on/off controls and brightness controls with five intensitysteps. They shall be interconnected with the associated RCL system ao thatthey may not be energized unless the RCL system 1s on.

52

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MIL-RDBK-1023/l

3.6. S i?aulomentReauirente.us

3.6.5.1 Eixwe s. TDZ fixtures ehall conform to FAA AC 150/5345-46 A,L-850B. Lamps shall be as recommended by the manufacturer to meet thephotometric requirements of the Advisory Circular. Manufacturers may meet therequirement using different lamps. In the interest of energy conservation,the use of lover wattage lamps is preferred. Where more than one fixture isconnected to en isolatlon transformer, the fixtures shall be ordered withbypass devices or relays.

3.6.6 ~. Although the following publication maynot be in complete agreement with this handbook they contain significant

information to assist in the design of TDZ lighting systama. Where conflictexists between this handbook and the sources Ilsted below, this handbook shalltake precedence:

a) M~A C P-272 Definitive D~: w

1404283 Runway Lighting Circling Guidance, TouchdownZone end Centerline Plans and Typical Wiring

b) U Ad isw CircularR:v

FAA AC 150/5340-4 Rumvay Centerline and Touchdown Zone LightingSystcma

c) !lui de SDec~:

WFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

3.6.7 Standardt3 These atendardssatisfy the requirements of ASCC Air Standard 65/12, ~

inn and Pltiinn St n~nrd.qa , and for NATO STANAG 3316, ~.

3.7 Guld nce ~a 0

3.7.1 ~. A Circling Guidance Light (CGL) system con8ista of aline of white lights on each side of the runway. They shall be installed onlywhere runway edge lights are inadequate for circling approach procedures.

3.7.2 QmUUWWU. CGL lights ara arranged in straight lines parallelto the runvay centerline. The lines of lights shall be not leaa than 50 ft(15 m) end not more then 75 ft (22.8 m) from the runway edge. Circlingguidence lights shall be a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) further from the runway thanthe runway distance marking if present. The lights shall be spaced 1,000 ft(305 m) *1OO ft (30.5 m) apart with the first (end) lights located down therunway from the runway end as follovs: If the runway length is not en exactmultlple of 1,000 ft, the extra diatence ia evenly divided into two parts endadded to the distance of the end li&hta from the runway ends. Aa en example;if the runvay length is 6,500 ft (1,9S1.2 m), the extra 500 ft (152.4 m) adda250 ft (76 m) for a total of 1,250 ft (381 m) aa the distance the end lightsare from the runvay end8. This method of adjuating for odd runvay lengthspermit8 8pacing of all lights at 1,000 ft intervals end placea tbe CGLfixturaa vlth the runvay di8t8nCe Marker8. The CGL fixturea are elevated ~d

54

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

frangibly mounted at a height of not more than 36 in. (914.4 mm) above theelevation of the edge of the runway. The CGL fixturea shall be orientedhorizontally with the direction arrow (10” azimuth) pointing toward endperpendicular to the runway centerline with a tolerance of ~ 3“.

The vertical alignment is fixed and only requires the reference plane of thefixture to be lavel. If CGLa are installed on parallel runways, the lightsbetween the runways may be omitted.

3.7.3 ~ e. Circling guidance lights require on/offcontrol end a 3-step intensity control. Five intensity steps may be providedwhere available.

3.7.4 ~. Circling guidance lights are connected toseries current regulated lighting circuits. These lights normally uae lampsrated for 20 A. If connected to 6.6 A circuits, care should be taken to usethe proper isolation transformer.

3.7.5 Eauir.ment Reavir mene ta. Fixtures shallMIL-L-22252B with 503 W, 20 A, 20 A/T20/3 lamPs.

3.7.6 Additional DesiitnGuidance

3.7.6.1 NAWA C P-272 Definitive DeairtnDrawirwsP-272, Definitive Design Drawings, may be helpful

3.7.6.2

3.7.7meet the

1404283 Runway Lighting, Circling14042B5 Runway Lighting, Circling

Guide $ir.ec~:

be in accordance with

The folloving NAVFACin the design of CGL:

GuidanceGuidance and Edge Lights

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

gOmDliante with Internstional Milit8N Standarda. CGL systems shallfollowing international military standards:

a) A&!X - There are nO ASCC standards fOr CGLS.

b) ~ - This standard doea not comply with the standards for CGLScontained in NATO STANAG 3316, ~.

3.8 Other Runvav LiuhtinfrSYstems. The requirement for lighted runwaydistance markers and lighted arresting gear markers which may be consideredrunway lighting systems are found in DM-23.02, ffavigationaland Traffic Aids.

55

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Section 4: TAXIWAY LIGHTING

4.1 Taxi av Edge L~ (cat. Code 136-501w

4.1.1 Svatem Descrivtiom..Texiway edge lights arearranged to define the lateral limits end direction ofare the USN standard for all lighted texiways.

a system of blue l18htstaxiing routes. They

4.1.2 co~uration. The taxiway edge light configuration consiata of aline of lights paralleling each side of the texiway. Each line of texiwayedge lights shall be, preferably 2 ft (0.6 m), but no more than 5 ft (1.5 m)from the edge of the taxiway and at least 2 ft outside the line of any runwayedge lights. The line of lights on both aides of a taxivay shall be the samedistance from their respective taxivay edgea. When a runway or a portion of arunway ia part of a regularly used taxiing route, texiway edge lights shall beprovided in addition to the runway lights.

4.1.3 Edne LiRht Soacing. For determining the spacing of lights along ataxivay, the taxivay ie sectioned on the baais of diecontinuities encounteredalong its length, such as intersections with runways and other texiway, orchangee in alignment or width. A discontinuity on one aide of a taxiway i8applied to the other side as well. The design of a tsxiway lighting systemshould proceed as outlined below (Figures 21 and 22 illustrate most situationswhich will be encountered):

a) Place an edge light at each discontinuity. In the caae ofintersecting pavementa they would be placed at the point of tangency (PT) ofeach fillet. A companion light in to be placed on the aide opposite thediscontinuity as well.

b) Place edge lights along all straight texiway edges at uniformintervals between the lights which were placed in para. 4.1.3.a. Where thelength of the section ia greater than 300 ft (91.4 m), the spacing shall notexceed 200 ft (61 m). If the section under consideration ie opposite anintersecting taxiway or apron area, the uniform spacing shall not exceed50 ft ,t.~5.2m). Where the length of the section is leas than 300 ft, theapacin~ shall not exceed 50 ft. Where the light spacing exceeds 100 ft (30m), Place one additional light 40 ft (12 m) from each end of the section.Place companion lights along the opposite edge where there is not intersectingpavement. All companion lights shall be on lines perpendicular to the texivaycenterline.

c) Place edge lights along all curved texiway sections uniformlyspaced in accordance with Figure 23.

d) Place uniformly spaced edge lights at all fillets in accordancewith the criteria in Figure 23. The spacing shall not exceed one-half thewidth of the straight tesiwayarc, there shall be a minimum

e) Where a texiwaylights spaced 1.5 ft (0.46 ❑)texiway centered on the point

section. on all curves in excese of 15° ofof three lights between the PT”a.

enda at a creasing

in the line of thewhere the extended

56

taxiway, place two yellowedge lights of the crossingcenterline of the ending

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

105’ (31.5mly p45’ i13.5ml

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h!AXIMUhl SPACING . 5V (15m) ‘1 ‘7

TYPICAL EXAMPLES STRAIGHT SECTIONS MAXIMUM SPACING . 20r (Mm)30~ [90m) OR LESS TYPICAL EXAMPLE STRAIGHT SECTIONS

MORE THAN 300’ [90m)

9A’ (28m)

“ 7SPACES”W(’33”’ :=’L

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MAXIMUM SPACING .50, l15ml MAXIMUM SPACINGTYPICAL EXAMPLES SINGLE STRAIGHT EOGE TYPICAL EXAMPLES SINCLE STRAIGHT EOGES

300” (90m) OR LESS MORE THAN 30W (90m)

Figure 21Taxivay Edge Lighting, Longitudinal SPacins

57

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Figure 22

Texiway Edge Lighting, Entrence-KXit Details

58

MIL-EEDBK-1023/l

“Rl’”

RADIUS “’R”OF CURVE

IN FEET (m)

25 (7.5 ml50 (15 m)75 (22.5 m)

100 (30 ml150 (45 m)200 (60 m)250 (75 m)300 (90 ml400 (120 ml500 (150 ml600 (180 m)700 (210 m)800 (240 m)

OVER834 (250 m)

O!MENSION“z”

IN FEET (ml

17.3 (5 ml

24.5 (7.5 m)30 (9 m)34.5 (10.5 ml42.5 (13 ml49 (15 ml55 (16.5 m)60 (18m)69 [21m)77 (23m)85 (25.5ml91.5{27.5m)98 129m)

100 (30 m)

NOTES:

1. SPACE LIGHTS UNIFORMLY ON BOTH SIOESOFTAXIWAY BETWEEN POINTS OF TANGENCY (PT).OETERMINE SPACING 8Y OIVIOING TOTAL ARCINTO EOUAL INCREMENTS APPROXIMATING CT’.ACTUAL SPACING SHALL NOT EXCEEO “Z””8YMORE THAN 5%.

2. ON CURVES OF RAOII NOT LISTEO. INTERPOLATESPACINGS FROM VALUES GIVEN.

3. ON ALL CURVESIN EXCESS OF 15 OEGREES OFARC. THERE SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF THREEEOGE LIGHTS INCLUDING THOSE AT P7k

Figure 23TexiwaY Edge Lighting, SpacinS on Curves

59

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

taxiway intersects. If a yellow light falla within 5 ft (1.5 m) of a blueedge light, the blue light may be eliminated.

f) Adjust the longitudinal location of any light a maximum of 5 ftso as to avoid installation problems. On straight sections, the companionlight should be moved a like amount, if practical,“ao aa to maintain therelationship between them.

4.1.4 ADron Taxivava. For a texiway that ia adjacent to, or at one edgeof an apron, the taxiway edge lights are placed only on the aide of thetaxivay furthest from the apron. Taxivaya through an apron will havecantelrine lights in accordance with para. 4.2 instead of edge lights.

4.1.5 Tolerance. Texiway edge llghts shall be within 6 in. (152.4 mm)laterally or longitudinally of the design location.

4.1.6 EiXWE.@. Frangibly mounted, elevated fixturea shall be used exceptthat where elevated lights may be damaged by jet blaat, operation of anarreating barrier, or interference with aircraft operation, omnidirectionalaemifluah units shall be used. Elevatad fixtures shall be installed not ❑orethan 14 in. (355.6 mm) above the texivay surface except that where frequentaccumulation of snow in exceaa of 12 in. (304.6 mm) occur they may bainstalled not more than 24 in. (609.6 mm) high. Elevated fixturea emitomnidirectional blue light which may produce a “sea of blue” effect whichoften appears to outline taxi routes which do not exist. Where this ia aproblem, taxivay lights ❑ay be provided with hooda to avoid the difficulty.Hoods shall not be placad on exit or entrance lights.

4.1.7 Po er R auirw e ement.s. Lightad taxiwaya require 6.6 A aeriea circuitsand are circuited ao an to be independently controllable. Standby power iarequired only for those texiwaya esaentlal to the support of precision”inatrument approached.

4.1.8 G.!zntrolReauir mente a. Taxivay lighting circuits are to be segmentedand controlled to provide the degree of flexibility required for airfieldoperation (ace Figure 24). Remote on/off control ia required for taxiwaysegments. Brightness control with three intensity steps is required for theayatem. Capability of energizing all taxiway edge lights aimultaneoualyshould be provided.

4.1.9 ent Reauir menJjfe

4.1.9.1 ~vated Fixtures. Elevated fixtures shall be FM AC 150/5345-46A,L-661T or MIL-L-7082D, LLIClevat edt (Type M-1). They shallbe provided with 45 W, 6.6 A lamps of a type as recommended by themanufacturer.

4.1.9.2 -U ah Fixturea. Semifluah fixturea shall ba FM AC150/5345-46 A, L-852E, Claaa 1 or 2 with 115 W, 6.6 A lamp and blue filtara ofMIL-L-26202D, Claaa B-3 with 45 W, 6.6 A lamp and blue filter aatiafy thestandard. Lempa shall be aa recommended by the manufacturer.

4.1.10 ~. Although the following publications maynot be in complete agreement with this handbook, they contain significant .

60

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

TAXIWAY

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,{V..? ., TAXIV:i,..,..... . . CIRCUIT,, . 1- J

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2“u c/.“.TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTS ONLY ON SIDE TAXIWAY

FURTHEST FFIOh! APRON. CIRCUITS3/

TAXIWAY CIRCUITS ? 2 ANO $ 1MA% BEONE CIRCUIT IF CAPACITY OF REGULATORIS ADEOUATE.

TAXIWAY CIRCUITS ! 4 ANO ! 5 MAY SEOHE CIRCUIT IF CAPACITY OF REGULATORIS AOEOUATE.

LEGENO

= LIGHTEO TAXIING ROUTE ‘v~ LIGHTEO TAXIING ROUTE

~ LIGHTEO TAXIING ROUTE

~ LIGHTEo TAXIING ROUTE ALONG EOGE OF APRON

Figure 24Typical Taxiway Circuit

61

Layout

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

information to assist in the design of texivay edgeWhere conflict exists between this handbook and thethis handbook takes precedence:

lighting ayatems.sources listed below,

a)

b)

c)

Ii6~AC P-272 f)~ ve f)en~ w B:

1404287 Airfield Lighting Inset Fixture andWiring,Installation Detaila

M Ad iao~ Cix.wkcR:v

FAA AC 150/5340-24 Runway and Texiway Edge Li8hting Syatema

Guide sDecificationa:

NPGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

4.1.11 COmDliance with International Milit?!N Standarda

4.1.11.1 ~. These standards satisfy requirements of ASCC Air Standard65/9 A, Xaxiwav Liuhtti, except for light apacinga on curved texivaya withradii in excess of 1,200 ft (365.7 m) end for light intensity requirements.

4.1.11.2 ~. These atandarda aatiafy the requirements of liATOSTANAG3316, eld Linhtin8, except for light spacinga on curves with radiibetween 150 ft (45.7 m) and 800 ft (244 m) and radii above 1,200 ft.

4.2 ~axiwav Cent~a (Cat. Code ~

4.2.1 ~. Taxivay centerline lights are a system of greensemiflush lights installed along te.xiwaycenterlines to augment thealignment information provided by the taxiway edge lights. While they maybe installed at any airfield, they are required on all texiwaya intended tosupport the Category II operation. They are used in lieu of texivay edgelights on taxivaya aectiona which croaa aprons, rempa, or other large pavedareaa. They are alao required on high apeed runway exits (refer to para.4.3).,.

.,,

4.2.2 -uratio~. Taxiway centerline llghta are installed In smoothlines along the texiway centerline. To avoid construction joints the linesof lights may be uniformly offset a maximum of 2 ft (0.6 m) from thecenterline. The spacing of the lights ehall be determined aa follows:

a) Place a light at each holdlng position, at each PT of curvedsections, at each texivay end, at each lnteraection with a runway edge orapron, and at the PT’s of all flllete. Where texiwaya cross, place a lightat the interaectlon of the centerlines.

b) Place lights uniformly spaced between the points definedabove, along all straight and curved aectiona of taxiway. The uniformspacing shall approach but not exceed the criteria shown in Figure 25. Thelocation of individual lights may be adjuated along the line of lights amaximum of 2 ft (0.6 m) to avoid construction problems.

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

Jc-

~ TAXW/AY-O-O-)&%-O–-O—O -- —O-- -

—SEE NOTE 2—

LONOITLIOINAL SPACING CRITERIA

CAT. II ALLIFU OTHER.—

NOMINAL 50’(15 ❑ ) 100’(30 m)

AT INTERSECTIONS ISEE NOTE 2} “. 5GV15 m) 5G115 ml

CURVES RAOIUS LESS THAN 60W (120 ml 12.5’13.75ml Z5V7.E ml(SEE RAOIUS 40V 101200’ (360 al ZEV7.5 m) S0’115 m)NOTE 1) flAOIUS GREATER THAN 1200’ (160 d 50’(15 m) 100I3O ml

LEGENO

& BIDIRECTIONAL.GREEN ANO YELLOWY

0 8! DIRECTIONAL. GREEN@ U?lIOIRECTIONAL. VELLOW

NOTE51. LOCATE LIGHTS AT Pll ANO PIZ. ANO SPACE INTERMEDIATE LIGHTS EOUALLY

ALONG SELECTEO CURVE IN COMPLIANCE WITH SPACING CRITERIA.2. SPACE LIGHTS EOUALLV BETWEEN PT1 ANO ‘HOLO- LIOHTS.3. RUNWAY ANO TAXIYAAV EOGE LIGHTS NOT SHOWN.

Figure 25Taxiway Centerline Lighting

63

MIL-ffDBK-1023/l

c) At texiway Intersection, piece lights along an arc drawntangent to the centerlines of the texiways (or lines of llghta) in thedirection of all aircraft turms. Where aircraft turna are not anticipatedthe arc of lights may be omittad to reduce confusion. The minimumclearance to the imer edge of either taxiway shall be aqual to one-halfthe vidth of the narrower taxiway. The largest radius thet will providethe clearance ehould be selected for the arc of lights. Bxcept aa providedfor runway exits (refer to para. 4.3), no taxiway centerline lights shallbe installed on runway surfaces.

4.2.3 Tolerancea. Texivay centerline lights ah.sllnot be more then3 in. (76.2 mm) off the designated lina of lights and not more than 6 in.(150 mm) from the designated location along the line of lights.

4.2.4 Fixtures. All fixtures are semifluah end shell not protrude morethan 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) abova the pavement. They shall be bidirectionalgreen except aa follows:

a) At crossing taxiways, the light at the intersection shall beomnidirectional yellow.

b) On texiwaya where the aircraft movement is in one directiononly, the lights may be unidirectional facing the oncoming aircraft.

c) Where hold lights are installed, the centerline light at thehold line shall show yellow toward the holding aircraft.

4.2.5 ~. Taxiways with centerline lights require apower system circuited so aa to be independently controllable. Standbypower ia required only for those taxivays eaaential to the support ofprecision instrument approached. Transfer shall be accomplished within 15aaconds.

4.2.6 Gontrol Reauirements. Taxiway lighting circuits shall besegmented and controlled to provide the degree of flexibility required forairfield operation (see Figure 24). Remote on/off control is required fortexiway aegmenta. Brightness control with three intensity steps iOrequired for the ayatem.

4.2.7 EXwlrment ReauirementR.

4.2.7.1 ~. Fixtures shall meet FAA AC 150/5345-46A, L-852, ClaaaI or II. These fixtures may be ordered for direct inset, for mounting onspecial ahallov baaea, or for mounting on baae houainga. Fixtures areselected by type depending on application aa follows:

a) ~ne Sectti. Bxcept for Cat. IIIoperation, uae Npe L-852A with greenlgrean filters. At hold bara the-filterfacing the holding aircraft shall be yellow. For Cat. III use meL-852C.

b) Qurved Cent erline Sections. Bxcept for Cat. III operatiOna,use Type L-852B on curved sections. Where small radiua turna raquireaiming along a chord for proper viewing, tvo fixtures may be used. ForCat. III use Npe L-852D.

64

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

c) Taxi av In ersectiona.w t At crossing taxivays use TypeL-852E, except for Cat. III use ~pe L 852-F.

4.2.7.2 -. Lemps shall be as recommended by the manufacturer to meetthe requirements of FAA AC 150/5345-46. Various manufacturers may meet therequirements using different lamps. In the interest of energyconservation, the use of lower wattage lamps is preferred.

4.2.8 Additional De- GuidaW. Although not in complete agreementwith this handbook, the publications listed below contain significantinformation to assist in the design of texivay centerline lightingeyatems. Where differences occur, this handbook takes precedence:

.9) NAVPAC P-272 Detiniti e Qsd6n Ora UIM:v w

1404287 Airfield Lighting Inset Fixture andWiring Installation Details

b) FAA Advisorv CirculaC-Q: FAA AC 150/5340-19 laxlway~ t

c) GUide Sr)ec~:

NPGS 16560 Guide Svad.fication for Mx&W d Lhah-

4.2.9 ~mtarv wit t ticma Stantlardu

4.2.9.1 ~. These standatds meet the requirements of ASCC Air Standard65/9, Texiway Lightin8.

4.2.9.2 Li&TQ. Theses standarda meet the requirements of NATO STANAG .3316,

4.3 R~ av E it Lluhtw x a (c at. Cade 136-5~

4.3.1 DescriDti n Runway exit lights may be added to long radius(hi8h speed) exit t“=;ways, or to short radius (1OV speed) texiway exitswhere there are visual problems. The configuration for each are different,but in each case they are supported with texiway edge li8htS installed inaccordance with para. 4.1.

4.3.1.1 L nR-R@dius EXLLR Long-radius exit llghts are installed onexits vith ~adii in excess if 1,200 ft (365.7 m). They conaiat of a lineof unidirectional green texivay centerline li8htS. The line which beginsat a point which is a maximum of 3 ft (0.91 m) off the runway centerlineand 200 ft (61 m) before the be8innirtgof the texiway centerline curve.Iha line of lights runs parallel to the runway to the point of be8hning ofthe taxiway centerline curve and follows the texiway centerline curve to apoint which is a minimum of 200 ft beyond the begiming of the straightportion of the texivay. They shall be uniformly spaced at a distance notto exceed 50 ft (lS.2m) (see Figure 26).

65

MIL-FIDBK-1023/l

Figure 26

Lons Radius (High Speed) Runway Exit Lighting

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

4.3.1.2 Short-Radius Exits. Short-radius exit lights consist of a l~ne ofgreen texiway centerline lights. The line begins at a point which is not ❑orethan 3 ft (0.91 m) off the runway centerline on the near side and ia the FT ofthe exit curve. The radiua of the curve should be the“largest that willprovide a minimum clearance to the pavement edge equal to one-half the widthof the taxivay centerline and thence along the taxivay centerline for eminimum of 200 ft (60 m). The spacing between the lights shall not be greaterthan 25 ft (7.6 m), see Figure 27.

4.3.2 Adjuatmen B and T lera-.t 0 Adjuatmenta and tolerance shall be aaprovided in para. 4.2 for taxiway centerline lights.

4.3.3 Fixture a. Runway exit lights ere aemiflush unidirectinoal fixtureswith no pare of the fixture extending more than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above thesurrounding pavement. All fixtures located within 35 fc (10.6 ❑) of therunway centerline shall be of the hook-resistant type. All centerline lightsin high speed exits shall be unidirectional facing the exiting aircreft. Allcenterline lights on low apeed exits shall be unidirectional, except that incha straight portion those lights not on the runway surface may bebidirectional if the texivay is intended for bidirectional use. The fiXtUreashall be horizontally aimed aa indicated in paraa. 4.3.3.1 through 4.3.3.2.

4.3.3.1 ilinh-SoeedExit LiRhtR. All hook-resistant lights shall be aimedfor che axis of the beam to intersect the line of axit light 200 ft elong theexit centerline. The remaining lights along the curved portion shall be aimedtangent to the curve, and the lights along the straight portion shall be aimedalong the texiway centerline.

4.3.3.2 Low-SDeed Exit Liuhts. All lights in the curved portion shall beaimed tengent to the exit centerline, and all lights in the straight portionshall be aimed along the taxivay centerline.

4.3.4 PO er Reauirw ementR. Runway exit lights are powered from 6.6 Aseries circuits. They may ba circuited ao aa to permit independent control ormay be connected to and controlled with the associated texivay lights. Runwayexit lights require standby power with a response time equal to that of theaaaociated runway.

4.3.5 Centrol Reauirementa. Runway exit lights require on/off control andbrightness control with three intensity steps.

4.3.6 Eauiument ReauirementQ

4.3.6.1 Wok Reaia ant Fixturet s. There ia no qualifying specification forthese fixtures. The fixture generally used ia referred to as an L-85211-2since ic is a derivative of the FAA AC 5345146, TYPe L-852 fixture. fieL-E52N-2 is a ruggedized version which haa been designed specifically for USIIapplication. Crouae Hinds IS the only known manufacturer. The fixture iaavailable in Types V, VI, VII, end VIII. Types V and VI are designed to beinset directly in pavement and types VII end VIII are designed to be installedon ❑ounting baaea, Lemps are to be 65 W of a type recommended by themanufacturer.

4.3.6.2 pther Fixture--a. All other fixtures shall be as provided for taxivaycenterline lights in para. 4.2.

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MIL-EDBK-1023/l

Figure 27Short Radius (Low Speed) lhxnvayBxit Lights

68

MIL-EDBK-1023/l

4.3.7 ~. Although not in complete agreement withthis handbook. the Dublicationa listed below contain significant information. .to assist in the design of runway exit llghting system-a:

a) ~.

1404287 Airfield Lightin8 InsetInstallation Detaila

b) m Ad isorv c~v

Fixture and Wiring

FAA AC 150/5340-19 ~

c) Guide sDetMWdzoat

NFGS 16560 for ~

4.3.8 ante With Int~ Standarde

a) M. These atandarda meet the requirements of ASCC AirStandard 65/9, Wiwav L~.

b) u. These atandarda meet the requirements of f?ATOSTARAG3316, ~.

4.4 la-xiav HOld atw a (Cat. Code 136-5Ql

4.4.1 Macrir.*. Texivay hold lights cortaiet of aemiflush yellow lightsinstalled acrosa the taxiway to identify holding positions.

4.4.2 ~. Hold lights are three semiflush lights spaced 5 ft(1.5 m) on center installed parallel to and within 3 ft (0.91 m) of the holdmarkinga at the holding position. The group of lights is centered within 12in. (50.8 mm) of the texiway centerline or on the centerline lights ifinstalled (ace Figure 25). Hold lights emit unidirectional yellow lighttoward the holding aircraft. When installed in conjunction with taxivaycenterline lightlng, the center light shall be bidirectional green/yellov withthe green light toward the runway end of the taxivay. When imatalled on avery wide taxiway, the number of lights may be increaaed to five.

4.4.3 res. Power and c~. Fixtures shall be asrequired for texiway centerline lights and shall be powered and controlled bythe associated taxfvay lighting system.

4.4.4 ~. Although not in complete agreement withthis handbook, the publications listed balow contain significant informationto aaeiat in the design of hold lighting syatema:

a) P-272 Definitive Denign Dra in8Q:w

1404287 Airfield Llghtkg Inset Fixtures end WirhgInstallation Detaila

69

4.4.5Standards

4.5

4.5.1

MIL-HOBK-1023/l

b) EM ~~VirlorvCir ularc a:

FAA AC 150/5340-19 Texiwav Cen.&cLine LlsltkinaSvat terns

c) Guide SDecificationa:

NFGS 16560 Guide Svecification for -1 d Liuhti

GomDliante with international EIA,LitanStendarda. ASCC and NATOcontain no comparable systems.

Taxiwav Guidance Sin an (cat. Code 136-501

mm2QM. Taxiway guidance signs are installed at airfielda toauide oilota of aircraft to deatinationa. for ground control Of aircraft,-.and for safety of ground operatiorr8. The extent of guidance and controlprovided will depend upon the complexity of the airfield layout, volume oftraffic, and visibility.

Airports with complex layouta require more precise taxiing and controlguidance becauae the pilot must make more deciaiona in choosing the properdestination route. Also, there ia a greater poaaibility of collision atintersections with other aircraft. Traffic volume alone may bejustification for aigna to promote safe taxiing.

Aa traffic increaaea, more aigne are needed to simplify and reduce theextent of information that must be transmitted by radio. Regardleaa of thacomplexity of the airport layout or the axtent of the traffic volume, signsare required vhen visibility ia poor, both to provide the neceaaaryguidance and to insure safety of operations.

4.5.2 tin Claaaificationq. Signs provide varioua typea of informationto pilots and are claaaified aa either mandatory or informative.

4.5.2.1 UandatOrf Siuna. A ❑andatory sign ia provided when aninstruction must be followed. Typical mandatory signs are atop aigna,no-entry signs, holding positions aigna, and texiway or runway intersectionsigns when used In lieu of a atop or a holding position sign. A mandatorysign has a white inscription on a red background.

4.5.2.2 Inform tia ve Sinna. All other aigna are claaaed aa informativeaigna. They a,reused aa required to indicata specific location, ordestination on an aircraft movement area, or to indicate other usefulinformation. An informative sign has, preferably, a black inscription on ayellow background but may, for the sake of consistency or where airfieldlighting tone down la a consideration, have a yellow inscription on a blackbackground.

4.5.3 Wn Confinurationn

4.5.3.1 Standard Siunq. Texiway guidance aigna supporting night andinstrument operation shall be internally illuminated. They maY be ainsle-or double-faced. Marking and illumination shall be sufficient to make thesign readily discernible at night at a distance of 800 ft (243.8 m) under a

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MIL-HDBK-1023/l

meteorological visibility of 3,000 ft (914.4 m) and clearly legible at a❑inimum distance of 500 ft (152 m) day or night. Color achemea for aignashall be aa given in para. 4.5.2. Tarrivayguidance aigna shall be a minimumof 24 in. (609.6 mm) high with a minimum legend height of 15 in. (381 mm), seeFigure 28. The length of the sign will be determined by the number ofcharacters required for the message. The signs may be fabricated as a singleunit or in sections. Signs shall be located no leaa than 25 ft (635 m) fromthe edge of the taxiway or runway. The overall height of the sign should beno more than 24 in. above the adjacent taxiway surface if located between 25and 35 ft (7.6 and 10.6 ❑) from the edge of the texiway. Signs located 35 ftfrom the taxivay edge may be 30 in. (762 mm) above the taxiway surface. In nocaae shall the overall mounting height be greater than 5 ft (1.5 m) above theground at the sign location. All signs shall be frangible mounted.

4.5.3.2 Non tas ndard Siunq. Special circumstances may dictate that astandard sign ia unsuitable for a particular sign location in which caseguidelines contained in FAA Advisory Circulara AC 150/534S-4 and AC150/5340-18, Standarda for Airvort ~ , shall be followed in deSi8ningand locating nonstandard signs.

4.5.4 ~. There are no standardconfiguration for texiway guidance ayatema. Before deai8ning a texivayguidance sign ayatem, make a thorough study of the designed taxiway layoutdrawinga with local traffic controllers and the operational groups using theairfield. The number of signs used should be kept to a minimum because ofpossible hazarda to the aircraft.

4.5.4.1 ~tion ma. ~. Destination signs shall be provided forboth inbound and outbound taxiing routea, where required, .aeeFigure 29.Arrows used in destination aigna should consist of chevrons with or without ashaft which is separated from the chevron arrowhead.

4.5.4.2 Outbound Dest~. Mark outbound routes from theirbeginning to their termination point with destination signs ahovhg theappropriate runway rrumbera. Outbound routes usually begin at the entrance ofa texiway from an apron area. Its termination point will be at the takeoffend of the appropriate runway. Outbound destination aigna may show ❑ore thanone runway destination number if the direction of travel of a taxiing route iathe same to all the runway destinations ahowrtin the sign. In such caaes,separate any pair of runway destination numbers by a circular dot (ace Figure29).

4.5.4.3 lob ~d Deetinatlon SiRo nri. Mark inbound routea from their beginningwith destination signs showing the appropriate symbols. Inbound routesusually begin at the entrance to a taxiway from a runway. Mark inboundtraffic routes at the beginning with destination areas on an airport. Providedestination aigna giving directions to specific areaa at appropriateintersections along the inbound traffic route. Typically, aigna installed atthe entrance to a texivay from a runway show “8AMP,” “E SMfF,” “MIL,” etc.Install destination signs at other locationa along the inbound traffic routeaand in the vicinity of the general destination area with aymbola which showthe direction to specific areas, such as “GATE 3,” “VSTIf,” etc. Thisrequirement 1s provided an a general guide and may be varied where

71

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

I I24” (600mm)

MIN.

5’ 11.5ml MAX.

I

1

——. .

MANOA1ORY SIGNWHITE LEGENO ON REO BACKGROUND

lNFOIIMATIOflAL (oESTINATIOfll SIGNBLACK LEGENO ON YELLOW BACKGROUND

~] w

slrlo LEurJITSICN SECTIONAL SIGN

Figure 28Taxiway Guidance Si8ns

12

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

TAXI ROUTE

%

7Tiw; ~1LEFT TURN RIGHT TURN

ALTERNATE,,_POS,T,CINg_ ~

llel.11111~

7W-W ‘F E’NoLEFT ANO RIGHT TURN STRAIGHT AHEAO

A. PLACEMENT OF DESTINATION SIGNS B. TYPICAL DESTINATION SIGNS

c. TYPICAL RUNWAY INTERSECTION SIGN O. lYPICAL TAXIWAY INTERSECTION SIGN

I

Figure 29Typical Locations for Destination and IntersectioriSigns

73

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

necessitated by local condition due to variations in airport layout andground traffic conditions. Some terms end abbreviation which are commonlyused and understood without ❑isinterpretationsare as follows:

Sx!ai

RAMP

PARKCIVILMILCARGOINTLRUNUPACPVCPOPSVSTRFUELRUNWAY NUMBERSINSTGATEHGR

General parking, servicing, and loading areaaAircraft parkihg only areasCivilian areaa of joint-use airportaMilitary areaa of joint-use airportaFreight or cargo handling areaaInternational arenaRunup areasAltimeter check pointVOR check pointOperations areasViaitora areaRefueling areaHolding point at intersection with runwayInstrument holding positionPaaaenger Landing or Unloading AreaHangar Area

4.5.4.4 ~ ae. Provide intersection signs with

appropriate nmbera or lettera at the intersactiona of a runway, taxiway, orof a taxiway with an apron, to infonm the pilot that he or ahe ia approachingan intersection and to identify the intersecting operational surface (seeFigures 29c and 29d).

4.5.4.5 jhrnwavIntersection Sians. Provide numbers and letters assigned toeach end of a runway on runway intersection signs to identify a runway.Separate the assigned numbers and letters ahown on the intersection sign by adash, such as “33-15.“’ Indicate by arrangement of the runway numbers of thesign the direction to the corresponding numbered ends of a runway. Forexample, ““33-15”indicates to the pilot that the “33”’end of the runway ia tothe left, and the “15” end of the runway is to be right (ace Figure 29c).

4.5.4:: m~ wav lnteraection Sti. Uae lettera to identify texivaya. Uaethe acme lettera to identify an entire texivay, even though it ia composed ofshort aectlons caused by intersections of other taxivaya or runwaya. Uaedouble letters to identify texiways where en airfield haa a larger number of’texiways than there are usable single letters available, such as “AA” (aceFigures 29d and 30).

4.5.4.7 Al ernt ate Routes. At intersections of junctions or runwaya,taxiwaya, or runvaya and taxivaya, where the possibility of alternate routesto a particular destination exists from a given direction of travel, thedestination sign shall indicate only one route to follow (see Figure 30).

4.5.4.8 jioldinuPoaition Simra. Holding positions generally are eitherinstrument holding poaitiona or runway holding poaitiona and are marked aasuch in accordance with the requirements of DM-21, d Pa emen ta Deniun,Chapter 6. Instrument holding poaitiona will be identified vi~h a holdingposition sign using the lettera “INST.”” Runway holding positions will be

74

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

OESIREO ROUTE (MARKEOI

d

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ASSIGNMENT OF LETTERS TO TAXIWAYS

FigUre 30Alternate Taxiway Routes and Taxiway Identification

75..

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

identified by runway intersection signs. Signs marking holding positionsare mandatory signs.

4.5.5 Sign Locati~

4.5.5.1 General Informatiorj. Because of the variety of taxiwayintersections and information which may be required, it ia difficult toestabliah a firp rule for the location of signs. A good general practiceia to locate intersection signs on the near aide of interjections. A signindicating a destination ia placed on the far side of the intersection onthe acme aide of the texiway aa the direction to the location indicates.If the destination ia straight ahead, the sign may be located on eitheraide. Location signs without arrowa should be located on the left aide ofthe taxivay. Mandatory aigna shall be located on the left or on both aideaof the taxivay (ace Figures 29 and 31).

4.5.5.2 HJ?ll tion Signe. Install holding position aigna on theleft or on both ends of a hold line marking. Where the hold line ❑arkingexceeds 150 ft (45.7 m) in length, a sign should be installed at each endof the hold line marking. Holding position signs are required adjacent torunwaya used as taxiways to identify the critical areaa, as hold linemarkings are not installed acrosa usable runwaya.

4.5.6 ~wer and Centra. Texiway guidance signs will be connected toand controlled with the associated taxiway lighting circuits. Whereintensity controls are used on taxiwaye, provision must be made for theaigna to operate at a minimum of 80 percent of the maximum brightneaa ofthe signs for all intensity aetthga of the texiway lights.

4.5.7 Eauiument Reauirementa

4.5.7.1 w. Guidanca sfgna shall meet FAA AC 15015345-44D, ~oxiwavand Runwav Sim s. Type L-858Y ia used for informational aigna and TypeL-858R ia used for mandatory aigna (Size 2 and 3 may be used). The size iato be determined by the location, vieving distance and operationalrequirement. The style and claas of the sign ia dictatad by the powersource and operational climate. Any requirad power adaptora to connect thesign to the power circuit shall be provided by the manufacturer with thesign.

4.5.8 Lddition 1 Design Guia danc~.

a)

b)

FAA

c)

WWFAC P-272 Definiti e De ign DK?JQ8Rv 8 w : Uone

EAA Ad iaorv CIKCMLKRv a:

AC 150/5340-18 Standarda for Airport Sign Systems

Gui e SDeci-LLctiond a a:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

76

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

J -SK m-n+

0 P7 F-7 nI

~, -1

.lL!lG–* W 17.5. )MIN.

n = -—25”(7.5mlMlN. +

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A. LOCATION OF GUI OAtJCESIGtlS.

R!MWAY 278.91

RAMP 161

LEFT TURil RIGHT TURN

3iR 1s1 OPS

LEFT OR RIGHT TURNS sTRAIGHT AHEAO

B. lYP!CAL TAX19GNAWLlCAT10NS

Figure 31Typical Locationa and Siting for Te.xiwayGuidance Signs

77

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

4.5.9 ante With Int~

4.5.9.1 m. ASCCatandarde do not comply with ASCC Air Standard 65117,Airfield Signs, for taxiway signs with regerd to color scheme of all signs orshepe of holding positions signs.

4.5.9.2 m. NATO standards do not comply with NATO STANAG 3316, AirfieldLighting, for taxiway signs with regard to color scheme of all ainga or shapeand color of holding position aigna. it ia anticipated that these standardawill aatiafy the seventh edition of NATO STANAG 3316.

78

Section 5: SIMULATED

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

CARRIER, WHEELSWATCH AND RUNWAY WAVEOFF LIGHTING

5.1 Simulated Cax Deck Utinm (Cat. Code 136-361

5.1.1 PescriDtion. Simulated carrier deck lights are installed on arunway with their associated simuleted carrier deck markinga to provide atreining and practice environment for carrier deck approaches and lendhgs.

5.1.2 ~nuratio~. They conaiet of a line of deck centerline lightsand 2 lines of deck edge lights which run longitudinally end 2 sets ofathwartship lights which mark the beginning and end of the deck landingarea. A Landing Signals Officer (LSO) Station ia also required (see Figure32).

5.1.2.1 Peck cm erlint e Linhtfl. Deck centerline lights consist of 18lights installed on a line which ie 61.75 ft (18.82 m) from the left runwayedge as vieved from the approach. The first light is located 320 ft (97.5m) from the runvay threshold and the remainder are speced 45 ft (13.7 m)apart thereafter.

5.1.2.2 Peck Edue Lights. Deck edge lights are.in two lines of 16 lightsinstalled 35 ft (10.6 m) either aide of the line of deck centerlinelights. The first light in each line is located 320 ft from the runwaythreshold and the remainder are spaced 45 ft apart thereafter.

5.1.2.3 BamD AthwartshiD LiahtQ. Ramp athvartship lights are atransverse line of 12 lights spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) apart and centered on theline of deck centerline lights, This line of lights is located 320 ft fromthe runway threshold.

5.1.2.4 FoWard AthwartshiD Liuhta. Forward athvartship lights are atransverse line of 10 lights centered on the line of the deck centerlinelights. This line of lights is located 1,085 ft (330.7 m) from the runwaythreshold.

5.1.2.5 LSO Station. The LSO station consists of an area 44 ft (13.4 m)wide extending from the runway edge outboard for a distance of 60 ft (16.29m) which haa been graded for drainage and stabilized for light vehiculartraffic. The center of the area is located 115 ft (35 m) upwind from theline of the ramp athvartahip lights and 62 ft (19 m) outboard of thesimulated carrier deck edge lights. All control lines for the LSO areterminated at the handhole.

5.1.3 Adluatmente. Where interference with construction jointa orother installation problems occur, lights may be adjusted longitudinallyfor a distance of not more than 2 ft (0.6 m). Companion lights in the rowmust be moved the same amount to maintain lateral alignment.

5.1.4 Fix tures. All simulated carrier deck fixtures are semiflush,unidirectional white lights and are of a type resistant to tailhookdamage. All llghts are aimed parallel with the simulated carrier deckcenterline and toward the approaching aircraft.

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5.1.5 ~. Simulated carrierare usually connected to 6.6 A circuits. They may becircuits with 20 A/6.6 A isolation transformer.

deck lighting systemsconnected to 20A

5.1.6 ~, Simulated carrier deck lighting requireson/off control and brightness control with a minimum of three intensitysteps. The controls must be intercomected with the controls for theassociated runway lights ao aa to prohibit simultaneous operation of bothsystems and to provide override capability for operation of the runwaylights in en emergency. The operating controls ere required at the LSOstation and the override capability ia required at the control tower.

5.1.7 ment Reauirementq

5.1.7.1 ~. There are no qualifying specifications for fixturaa.The fixture generally used is referred to as an L-8521isince It is e.derivative of the FAA AC 150/5345-46, Type L-852 fixture. The L-85211is aruggedized version which is designed specifically for USN application.Crouse Hinds Corporation is the only known manufacturer. The fixture iaavailable in Typea V, VI, VII, and VIII. Types V and VI are designed to beinset directly in pavement and the laat Typea VII and VIII are forinstallation on mounting baaea. Lamps are to be 45 W of a type recommendedby the fixture manufacturer.

5.1.8 ~. Althou8h the following publicationmay not be in complate agreement with this handbook, they containsignificant information to assiat in the design of simulated carrier decklighting systems. Where conflict exists between this handbook and thesources listed below this handbook takes precedence:

a)

b)

c)

l?AVFAC P-272 Deflni tive Dea~: w

1404267 Inset Fixture and Wiring InstallationDetails

1404289 Simulated Carrier Deck Lighting and Planand Wiring Diagram

1404290 Simulated Carrier Deck Lighting Detaila

FAA Ad isorvv Circul~:

FAA AC 150/5340-4 Runway Centerline and Touchdovn ZoneLighting SySteMS.

(For installation methods only)

Guide sDac~:

NFGS 16S60 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

5.1.9 ~nce with Intar~l Sta- . There are no ASCC orNATO Standarda covering simulated carrier deck lighting.

5.2

5.2.1installed

S-UD L~nR (Cat. Code ~

~. Wheels-up lights areunder the approach which are aimed

81

a bar of white lightsupward and toward the

MIL-KOBK-1023/l

threshold. They are intended to illuminate the underside of lendingaircraft to permit observers to determine that the lending gear 1s fullylowered. ‘fhesystem also includes a portable wheels watch shelter whichprotects the observer from the weather end a wheels watch control panel.

5.2.2

5.2.2.1 Wheels-Watch L~. As illustrated in figure 33, thewheels-watch light bar consists of 20 lights inetalled 980 ~ 5 ft (298.7 f1.5 m) from threshold and on a line perpendicular to the extended runwaycenterline. The lights are spaced 5 ft (1.5 m) apart with the innermostlight 105 ft (32 m) from tha extended runway centerline. The light barshall be on the same side of the runway centerline as the air trafficcontrol tower. This line of lights is to be horizontal, with the shortestsupport approximately 26 in. (660.4 mm) above the ground or paved surfaca.The horizontal aiming of the three innermost lishts ia toward the runwayand 25” toward the runway centerline from a line through the light parallelto tha runway centerline and 30” for the remaining lighte. Vertical aimingia 30” above the horizontal. The tolerance for the aiming ia to be il”.The wheels-watch hmdhole shall be located 5 ft (1.5 m) outboard of theoutermost light.

5.2.2.2 Elkrela-watchVaulC. The wheels-watch equipment vault is locatedapproximately 150 ft (45.7 m) from the runway centerline. The location maybe varied to suit 10C.E1conditions. The vault is normally en undergroundmanhole but where terrain conditions permit without violating clearanceplan criteria the equipment may be pad mounted in a weatherproof enclosure.

5.2.2.3 H12E@s-listch Control Panel. The wheels-watch control panel ialocated approximately 10 ft (3 m) downwind of the wheels-watch light barand approximately 205 ft (62.48 ❑) from the runway centerline. The panelcontaina the on/off and brightness controls and alao provides en externalconnection for the waveoff light control .wltch.

5.2.2.4 J/heels-Wa~. The portable wheels-watch ahelter isgovernment furnished. The ayetem design includes the preparation of aparking area for the ahalter adjacent to the wheels watch control paneltogether vith suitable acceaa to the site.

5.2.3 power Reauirements. Wheels-up lights are connected to 120 V.acmultiple circuits requiring aomevhat in excess of 10 kW. A 15 kVAtransformer is recommended.

5.2.4 ~. wheels-up lights require On/off controland continuous intensity control from 10 to 100 percent of intensity at therated voltage. This control Is required only at the wheels watch controlpanel.

.5.2.5 Reau~

5.2.5.1 ~. Fixtures shall be MIL-L-26764, Type MB-2, orFM-E-982G with 500 W 120 V, Type Q500-PAR56/KFL lampa.

5.2.5.2 SUDDO rta. Fixture aupporta are 2 in. (50.8 mm) EI?2mounted onfrangible couplings.

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5.2.6 AddJtional Design Guidance.

a) N.AVFACP-2~niti ve Deeinn Draw~:

None. Previous drawings have been withdrawn.

NFCS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

5.2.7 kDWli ante with Intemational Standarde. There are no ASCC or NATOStandards pertaining to this system.

5.3 Waveoff Liahts (Cat. Code 136-W

5.3.1 De crivtia on. Runway waveoff lights are clusters of flashing redlights installed adjacent to the runway which are activated by either thevheels-watch observer, or the LSO, or the control tower in order to instruct apilot to abort a landing.

5.3.2 ~u ration. Runway waveoff lights are tha subject of a redesigneffort which may involva different technolo~ and may result in a significantchanga in configuration. if there is a requirement for a new waveoff lightinstallation before a revision to this handbook is made, contact PacificDivision, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 96860,(Code 406) for the lateat design information.

5.3.3 !hmuli ante with Intemational MilitaN Standardfl. lieitherNATO norASCC atandarda cover runway vaveoff lights.

5.4 ~oted Fac~. Optical Landing Systems (OLS) are often”installed in conjunction with the facilities described in this section,Design guidance for these facilities can be found in NAVFAC DM-23.02,Fa iuati~v ~.

84

f41L-HDBK-1023/l

Section 6: HSLIPAD LIGHTINGSYSTEMS

6.1 ~ t Cat

6.1.1 pescrivtio~. Perimeter lights are a series of yellow lightsinstalled on or near the perimeter of the helipad that provide location andsize information to the helicopter pilot.

6.1.2 Configuration. Aa shown in Figure 34, aviation yellow,omnidirectional lights are placed at each corner of the helipad, vith threemore lights spaced equally along each side on lines between the cornerlights. The lines of lights must be equidistant from axea of the helipad.They are usually on the perimeter of the helipad, but may be placed not morethan 7.5 ft (2.28 m) from the edge of the pad. Frengibly mounted elevatedlight fixtures shall be used, except that semifluah fixtures ❑ay be used wherein areas where the installation would interfare with vehicular traffic.Elevated light fixtures shall not exceed 18 in. (457.2 mm) above ground and,preferably, not over 14 in. (355.6 mm).

6.1.3 Adiuetmenta. The offset distance of the line of lights should beuniform for all sides of the helipad and should be aalected to ❑inimizeinstallation problems. The location of individual lights may be adjuated notmore than 12 in. (304.8 mm) longitudinally along, and not more than 6 in.(152.4 mm) laterally from, the line of lights to avoid installation problems.

6.1.4 Power Reouirement.q. Perimeter lights are connected to 6.6 A aerieacircuits ao as to permit on/off control independently of other helipadlighting ayatema.

6.1.5 Contro~. Perimeter li8hta require onloff control and 3-Stepbrightness control. Brightness controls may be paired with those of otherlighting ayatems for the same helipad.

6.1.6 EmiDm ent Reauirementm

6.1.6.1 E.leated Fix re8. Elevated fixtures shall be FM AC 150/5345-46,Type L-661 wi~h yellovt~iltera..

6.1.6.2 ~ifl h Fixture~. Semiflush fixtures shall be FAA AC 1.50/5345-46,Type L-852E with”~ellov filtera.

6.1.6.3 -. Lampe for helipad lighting equipment shall be aa recommendedby the ❑anufacturer to meet the requirements of FM AC 150/5345-46. Variousmanufacturers may meet the requirements using different lamps. In theinterest of energy conservation, the use of lower wattage lampa is preferred.

6.1.7 Ad6itional Deaian Guida~. There is little additional informationavailable or required which is directly applicable to helipad perimeter lightsystems. Currently, NAVFAC P-272, Definitive Design Dravinga, has not beenprepared for hellpad lighting. For installation methods, the followingpublication may be useful:

85

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

,. -.,

NOTE%

THE OFFSET FROM THE EOGE OF THE PAO SHALL BETHE SAME FOR ALL PERIMETER LIGHTS.

SEE OM 21 FOR MARKING STANOAROS

Figure 34Helipad Perimeter Lighting Configuration

86

a)

b)

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

E&A Ad iSON Circum:v

FAA AC 150/5340-19 Te%iway Centerline Lighting SystemFAA AC 150/5340-24 Runway end Texiway Edge Li8hting System

GUide Specifications:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

6.1.8 Gomc.liancevith Internation 1 Mwarv Stan-.a

a) ASK. These atandarda meet the requirements of ASCC AirStandard 65/16, JjelivadLMh tinx NIlc], for VFR helipad lighting. .

b) u. These standarda meet the requirements of NATO STAI?AG3652, i?eliDadLiRhtinn (m , for VFR helipad lighting.

6.2 ~ t ta Ca

6.2.1 pescric.tio~. Landing direction lights conalat of aviation yellowomnidirectional lights located in a straight line along one or more of thehelipad axea (centerlines). These lights are installed to augment perimeterlights vhere preferential landing directions have been established.

6.2.2 ~ratiori. As illustrated in Figure 35, a landing directionlight ayatem consists of six omnidirectional yellow lights spaced 15 ft(4.57 m) apart starting 25 ft (7.6 m) from the middle perimeter light andcontinuing along the exia of the helipad to a point 100 ft (30.48 m) from theperimeter li8ht. The lights are to be in a horizontal plane. Frangiblymounted, elevated light fixtures shall be used except that semifluah fixturesmay be used in areaa where the installation would interfere with vehiculartraffic.

6.2.3 ~. The location of individual lights maybe adjusted not more than 12 in. (304.8 mm) longitudinally along the line oflights to avoid installation problems. Where terrain makes a.horizontal lightplane impractical, the slope of the light plane may be adjusted from thehorizontal to a slope of not more than +2 percent or -1 percent. Sxcept foraemifluah fixtures which shall not extend more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) above themounting surface, the elevation of all fixturea shall be within 2 in. (50.8mm) of the light plane at the light location. All lights shall be laterallywithin 4 in. (101.6 mm) of the centerline of the ayatem.

6.2.4 F’oer R auirw e emerita. Landing direction lights are connected to 6.6 Aseries circuits ao aa to permit being turned off independently from theperimeter lights.

6.2.5 Gon rol R auir mentt e e a. Landing direction lights require onloffcontrol and three step intensity control. Controls shall be configures aothat the landing direction lights cannot be turned on unleaa the perimeterlights are energized but may be turned off independently. Intensity controlsmay be in common vith the intensity controls for the perimeter lights ao aa topermit connection to a common re8ulator.

87

EEIL-ESOBK-1023/l

PERIMETER LIGHTS

,_l@l~--”””(7.5m);—-+—9–+-+–+–+–T—

l+LANDING DIRECTION LIGHTS

1“ PRINCIPAL APPiiiACH DIRECTION

NOTES:

AOOITIONAL SYSJEMSMAY BE lN5rALLE0 IN SUPPORTOF OTHER APPROACH DIRECTIONS.

SEE OM 21 FOR MARKING STANOAROS.

Figure 35Helipad Landing Direction Lights Configuration

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fiIL-HOBK-1023/l

6.2.6 ?auiumen t Reauirern enta

6.2.6.1 He ated fixv tures. Fixtures shall be FAA AC 150/5345-46, Type L-861with yellow filters.

6.2.6.2 Semiflu h fixtures. Semiflush fixtures shall be FAA AC 150/5345-46,Type L-852E with ~ellow filters.

6.2.6.3 -. Lemptrfor helipad lighting equipment shall be as recommendedby the manufacturer to meet the requirements. Various manufacturers may meetthe requirement using different lamps. In the interest of energyconservation, the use of lower wattage lemps is preferred.

6.2.7 Additional De8iun GuidarrU. There is little additional informationavailable or required which is directly applicable to lending direction lightsystems. Currently, NAVPAC P-272,”Definitive Design Drawings, have noc beenprepared for helipad lighting. For installation methods the follovingpublications may be useful:

a) FM M VillON Circulars

FM AC 150/5340-19 Taxiway Centerline Lighting SystemFM AC 150/5340-24 Runway and Texivay Edge Lighting System

b) Guide Svecific tia ons:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

6.2.8 Comr.lianceWith Interrrational~“itarv Standarde

a) Aa!x. These standards meet the requirements of ASCC AirStandard 65/16, iielivad Lighting (w 1c , for VPE helipad lighting.

b) ~. These standards meet the requirements of 17AT0STANAG3652, HeliDad L~tinn (VMC}, for VPR helipad lighting.

6.3 ADDrOaCh ~

6.3.1 ~. Approach direction lights augment’lendlng directionlights and conaiat of aviation white, omnidirectional lights located in twoparallel lines extending out from the lending direction lights.

6.3.2 ~. Each line ia located 5 ft (1.5 m) either side of theextended centerline of the helipad end containa 5 lights. The firat light islocated 25 ft (7.6 m) beyond the last lending direction light and theremaining lights are spaced at 50 ft (15.2 m) intervala thereafter. The pleneof the approach direction llghts shall be the acme aa that established for thelanding direction llght (see Figure 36).

6.3.3 ~dlustmenta and T~ . The centerline of the approachdirection llghta may be adjuated laterally not more than 4 in. (101.6 mm) frOmthe extended centerline of the lending direction lipjhta. The location ofindividual lights may be adjusted not more then 12 in. (304.8 m)longitudinally along the line of lights to avoid installation problems.

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FSIL-ItDBK-1023/l

Pi

LANDING OIRECTION

t25” (7.5m)

Ill +-—

T (

SV i15ml

~ ~ _L

i50’ (15m)

,1

I

bPPROAC14

1[OIRECTION

-_ LIGHTS

~ 1 z,.’(m)

50’ (15m)‘1

+

I

V-TI I 50’ l15m)

JI ,

5’11.5ml -1k-i Y 11.5m)

1

LIGHTS ‘

I

Figure 36Helipad Approach Direction Llghta Configuration

90

IIIL-HDBK-1023/l

Thecompanion light in the other line must be moved a likethe relationship. The elevetion of all fixtures shall bemm) of the light plane at the light location, except that

amount to maintainvithin 2 in. “(50.8where the lights

would interfere with vehicular traffic, semiflush fixtu’resmay be used. Alllights in a line shall be laterally within 2 in. of the line.

6.3.4 power ReauirementR. Approach direction lights are connected to 6.6A series circuits. They ❑ay be interconnectedwith the associated landingdirection lights but ❑ust be capable of being turned off independently ofother lighting eyatema.

6.3.5 Control Reouirem enta. Approach direction lights require on/offcontrol end three step intensity control. Controls shall be configured aothat the approach direction lights cannot be energized unleaa the lendingdirection liahta are on. Intensity controls may be in common with otherhelipad ligh~ing ayatema ao as to

6.3.6 i?auipment Requirement@.criteria:

a) flevated Fixture -

permit connection to a common regulator.

Equipment fixtures shall meet the following

shall be FM AC 150/5345-46, TYPe L-861

b) Semifluah FixtureQ - shall be FM AC 150/5345-46, TYPa L-852E.

6.3.6.1 a. Lemps for helipad lighting equipment shall be aa recommendedby the ❑anufacturer to meet the requirements of FAA AC 150/5345-46. Differentmanufacturer may meet the requirement by suing different lamPs. In theinterest of energy conservation, the uae of lover wattage lempa ia preferred.

6.3.7 Addition 1 Desinn Guidancs.a There ia little additional informationavailable or required which ia directly applicable to landing direction lightayatema. Currently, NAVFAC P-272, Q.cllnitie Deaiun Dra in8_v w a, have not beenprepared for helipad lighting. For installation methods the followingpublications may be useful:

a) EM AdVi SON

FAA AC 150/5340-19 Texivay Centerline Lighting SystemFM AC 150/5340-24 Runway and Taxivay Edge Lighting System.

b) ~:

NFGS 16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

6.3.8 Gomuliance Vi th tic~tan Standard@. Approach landinglights shall meet the following:

a) U. These atandarda meet the requirements of ASCC Airstandard 65116, ~, for WR hel@ad lighting.

b) ~. These atandarda meet the requirements of NATO STANAG3652, HeliDad Liah inn ~’JI’lClt , for VFffhelipad lighting.

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6.4 iklio d Floodlhfrtinn (Ca . Code 136-651a t

6.4.1 s~. Helipad floodlighting consists of two lines offloodlights installed on opposite sides of the helipad parallel with theprincipal approach direction. They are installed to assist in depthperception during night operations.

6.4.2 G.C!nfiRuration. As illustrated‘In Figure 37, within the follovingguidelines the configuration is variable depending on the size of the helipadand the number and type of fixture to be installed. Helipad floodlights areinstalled parallel to the normal approach to the helipad. Floodlights shouldbe opposite each other end equidistant from the centerline of the helipad, andlocated no closar than 50 ft (15.2 m) from the edge of the helipad.Floodlights shall be frangibly mounted. The overall height of the floodlightabove the helipad surface will be kept to a minimum that will permit theproper spread of light on the helipad, but in no case should this heightexceed 4 ft (1.2 m) above the grade of the helipad.

6.4.3 F’ixt urea. Floodlight fixtures shall be designed to’direct theentire output of the fixture below the horizontal. The average verticalluminance on the helipad surface shall be 3 footcandles (30 lux) with auniformity ratio (average to minimum) of not more than 4 to 1.

6.4.4 ~ t. Floodlights are normally connected to 120 Vacmultiple circuits.

6.4.5 aol Reouirementa. Helipad floodlighting systems require on/offcontrol and continuous brightness control from 10 percent to 100 percent offull brilliancy.

6.4.6 Eauimn ent Reauirements

6.4.6.1 ~t Fixtures. Commercial floodlight fixtures shall conformtO N’EW standard FA-1, ~, fOr Class HD and be Ofa type which satisfies the requirements of para. 6.4.3, when installed.

6.4.7 ,-:, Comnliance with Intemational MilLLaKy Standards

a) MU. These standards meet tha requirements of ASCC AirStandard 65/16, ~, for ~ helipad lightins.

b) ~. These standards meet the requirements of NATO STANAG3652, Belined Li.ahina NI’Ic]t , for VFR helipad lighting.

6.5 f/elated FacilitiQf. Heliport beacons and lighted wind directionequipment ara other facilities related to other facilities related to helipadlightiw. Refer to DM-23.02 for design information concerning thesefacilities.

92

---- .

HIL-EEDBK-1023/l

--..:.

fi

‘i

i-1

LEGENO

● FLOODLIGHT ‘NOTES:

THE NUMBER OF FLOODLIGHTS IS OEPENOENT ON-A” SPACING BETWEEN LIGHTS THE SIZE OF THE PAO ANO THE FIXTURES SELECTED.

OEPENOENT ON NUMBEROF LIGHTS REOUIFIEO ANO SEE OMZ1 FOR MARKING STANOAROS.

SIZE OF HELIPAO

Figure 37Helipad Floodlighting Configuration

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MIL-HOBK-1023/l

Section 7: APRON, PARKING ARBA AND DIRBCT NSLING STATION LIGHTING

7.1 G.em.rd. Safe and efficient movement of aircraft in the terminal,hangar, parking and service areas depends to a great extent on an.adequatesystem of marking end lighting to perfom the required functions. The basicdesign philosophy is to provide sufficient illumination in these areas topermit the day markings to be seen, end used at night end to permit theaccomplishment of general taaks end movements without supplemental lights. Itis expected that some taska and situations will require supplementallighting. It is intended that the use of signal lights (e.g. edge lights Ortaxilane lights) will be kept at a minimum.

7.2 ~. For the purpose of clarity the following definitionsare offered in comection with the requirements of this section:

a) Au9.n - an area intended to accommodate aircraft for the purposeof loadina or unloading cargo or peraomel, or for servicing of aircraft.

b) ~t Stand - a location within an apron identified forparking of eircraft during the loading, unloading or servicing activity.

C) Perking Ar ea - an area intended to hold inactive aircraftbetween missions.

d) .Taxila= - a route through en apron or parking area reserved forthe ❑ovement of aircraft or other vehicles within the area.

7.2.1 ~. A permanent refueling point established topermit rapid refueling and turnaround of aircraft on multiple missions.Lighting requirements for these facilities are unique, and the generelrequirements of this section do not apply.

7.3 Avr n and Parkinu Area ~ (Cat.0 Code 136-2fL)

7.3.1 ~. Apron and parking area lighting are combinations offloodlights, texilane lights end signs which: provide lighting suitable forthe loading end unloading of cargo end personnel end for refueling end otherapron service functions; provide lighting end guidance suitable for themovement of cargo, personnel, aircraft end other vahiclea throughout the area;end provide lighting to enkance the security of stored aircraft. The systemcontains the following elements:

a) Floodlighting which provides overall illumination.

b) Texilane lighting inetalled only aa required where thevisibility of texilane marking ia inadequate.

c) Peripheral lighting which outlines the limits of the apron orparking area when other means of identification are inadequate.

7.3.2 ~. The configuration of floodlights 1s predicated onthe light output of the fixtures selected and the design considerationdefined in paraa. 7.3.2.1.

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MIL-HOBK-1023/l

7.3.2.1 L21umination Levels. Apron end parking areas require en averageluminance of 1 footcandle (10 lux) overall with a uniformity ratio not greaterthen 4 to 1 (average to ❑inimum). Where the size of the apron or parking areais large and its location or configuration prohibit the uee of floodlightingtowers away from the building line, the illumination levels may be reduced endthe contrast ratios may be increaaed as circumatences dictate. Aircraftatenda require floodlighting enhemced to en average of 2 footcendles (20 lux).

7.3.2.2 Control of Glara. Light distribution shall be controlled to preventglare toward the control tower or approaching aircraft. Disability enddiscomfort due to glare shall be kept to a minimum by proper location oflights and direction of beama end by appropriate selection of light source andluminaire type. In addition, positive shielding of any “spill light” abovethe horizontal level should be accomplished using louvers, louver grids, orbaffles. Means shall be provided to adjust luminairea to change lightdirection. In order to minimize glare problems for pilots and aircraftservice personnel in the area, floodlights should be mounted aa high above thesurface as practical within the confines of obstruction clearance planea. Amounting height of 50 ft (15.2 m) or higher la recommended but in no caaeshould the mounting height be lower then 30 ft (9.1 m).

7.3.2.3 Fixt refi Floodlighting fixtures conforming to NEMA Standard FA-1,Type HD with g~a discharge lamps should be utilized in the design.

7.3.2.4 Sucmorta. Floodlight fixtures may be mounted on buildlngs or onfloodlight support structures. Support design should include considerationsfor access to the fixtures for maintenance.

7.3.2.5 Electrical reauiremen ta. Floodlights are connected to multiplecircuits of a voltage suitable for the fixture and lamp selected. Floodlightsshould be connected to 3-phaae power source with lights connected to all threephases ao aa to provide a balanced load on all three phaaea end to reduce thestroboscopic effect of gas diecharge lempa.

7.3.2.6 Control reauirements. Floodlighting requires on/off control in thelighting vault end at the control tower or other locations accessible toground service personnel as ordered.

7.3.3 ~heral ~. Peripheral llghting is installed wherever Itia neceaaary to identify the limits of usable pavement for aprons or parkingareaa, ordinarily only those limits not already defined by buildings, hangars,etc. Peripheral lighting conaiats of blue taxiway edge lights installed,powered, and controlled In accordance with the criteria of para. 4.1. On/offcontrol ia coupled with the floodlight controls.

7.3.4 .Dxila e Ln ~. Taxilene lighting ia only Installed wherefloodlighting is inadequate and impractical to be improved sufficiently topermit proper identification end visibility of texilene markinge. Texilanelighting consists of green taxivay centerline lights installed, powered andcontrolled in accordance with the criteria contained in para. 4.2. Wheremovement over the taxilene ia in one direction only, bidirectional fixturesmay have one direction blanked. Taxilane lights controls are required in thelighting vault end in the control tower or as directed.

95

MIL-fiOBK-1023/l

7.4 wect Puelinn Stations. Lighting for direct fueling stationsconsist of texiway edge lights installed in accordance with para. 4.1,guidance signs installed in accordance with para. 4.5 end floodlightsfrangibly mounted no higher than 4.5 ft (1.4 m) above the pavement.Floodlights conforming to Naval Engineering Center ,Drawing615902, ~As emblv. Nights Vision TvDe, should be used whenever possible. Where thesecannot be made available floodlights conforming to NEMA Standard FA-1 type EDshould be used. They should be designed end aimed to provide an averaBevertical luminance of 2 footcandlea (20 lux) with a uniformity ratio of 4 to 1for the full width of the refueling lane for a distance of 25 ft (7.6 m)either side of the mechanical control panel. They should emit.no light abovethe horizontal. On/off controls for all direct fueling station lights will beprovided at the fueling lanea.

7.5 Addi ional De ian Guidance.t s Although the publication ,liatedbelowmay not be in complete agreement with this handbook, they contain aignificentinformation to assist in the design of texivay edge lighting systems. Whereconflict exists between this handbook and the aourcea listed below, thishandbook tekea precedence:

a) e~: w

1403042 Airfield Lighting, Direct Fueling Station

b) JCAO Publicationa:

Aerodrome Oeaign Manual Part 4, Visual Aide Chapter 13 ApronFloodlighting.

c) Guide Svec~:

f7FGS16560 Guide Specification for Airfield Lighting

7.6 GQmvliance Wi h Internt ational Ili.Utan St ndarda s

The atandarda of this handbook do not comply with ASCC Air Standard65/lg, Movement Area F1 Area~odlitthti.

~, or with NATO STANAG 3892, movement

96

IIIIL-HDBK-1023/l

Section 8: PORTABLE SKERGEfJCYAIBPIELD LIGHTING

8.1 General.. In times of emergency, when standarilairfield lighting innot available and aircraft operations must be performed at night, it may beneceaaary to resort to the use of portable lighting devices to support theoperation. The lighting design atendarda contained in this section may besuitable for use in VYR night operations but do not qualify the airfield forinstrument operations of any kind. The stendarda in this section coverrunway, taxiway, and hellpad li8hting only. These standards do not coverrequirements for forward tactical airfielda or lending zones. Care should betaken when installing portable llghts that they are eecured sufficiently toprevent moveraentan a result of jet blast or other forces. When applicationof the criteria in this section would result in a light location in en activepaved area, the li8ht shall be omitted or relocated as circumstencea dictate.

8.2 Run av Linh&insw

8.2.1 Rm av E~.w Portable edge light configurntiona 8enerallyfollow the standard configuration except that the spacing may be increaaed tothe maximum of 300 ft (91.4 m) and the offset may be increaaed to a maximum of10 ft (3.05 m) from the runway ed8e. The runvay edge li8hta shall be vhite.

8.2.2 ~wav End and Threshold ~. The number of lights requiredfor runway end and threshold lights in reduced to 10. At each end of therunway they shall be placed In two 8roups of 5 with the outermost lights ineach group in line with the line of the runway lights and spaced at 10 ftintervals toward the center. The line of threshold end runway end lights maybe offset no more than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the end of the runway. The lightsshall be red toward the runway end 8reen toward the approach.

8.3 T~i BY Edaw e Lia*. The techniques for designing an emergencytexiway ed8e lighting system are 8enerally the name as for a standard systemexcept that the spacing is increaaed an follows: .

a) ~ - The spacing shall not exceed 220 ft (67 ❑)

b) @rved S~ a -, The apacimg shall not exceed 100 ft (30.4 m).

8.4 Uoad LiuhQ. Emer8ency helipad lighting shall follow thestandard configurations for perimeter, lending direction, end approachdirection lightlng except that adherence to lisht plane criteria ia notrequired.

8.5 ~ixtures. Fixtures may be omnidirectional, bidirectional orunidirectional. Where unidirectional fixtures are employed, they must beaimed in the direction of the planned operation. If the operational directionchanges they ❑ust either be reoriented to accommodate the change or additionallights must he installed for the new direction. Unidirectional fixturesgenerally have better li8ht output for the energy bein8 consumed than theother types. Omnidirectional fixturea meeting FIIL-L-19661A,mt. H rker.Portable. IhterRenCV ~d. Batterv , Typa 1 may be used withoDeu

97

MIL-HOBK-1023/l

filters as appropriate for the application. Unidirectional and bidirectionalfixtures meeting FAA AC 150/5345-50, Run av Ligb.!xIw , may also beused. Other portable fixtures that are suitable for outdoor use, meet theduty cycle requirements and which meet or exceed the light output of theapecified fixtures may be considered. Such considerations may.include lightswith nonelectric power sources.

8.6 ~. The specified lights have individual on/off controls andare not capable of control from a central point. They may have been providedwith a flashing mode vhich shall not be used during periods vhen aircraftoperation are being conducted.

8.7 With ~ Stan- These atandarda

comply with NATO STANAG 3534, ~, ~ditiOn 2 and ASCCAir Standard 65/8B, ~, f=cePt fOr li8htoutput of the fixtures.

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BIBLIOGSAPNY

FM Advisory Circulars may be obtained from the Department of Transportationpublication section, M-494.3, Washington, D.C. 20590. Request the leteatedition.

FAA AC 150/5345-5 Circuit Selector SwitchFM-E-2159 Runway End Identification Lighting System (8EIL)FM D 5888 Series Runway End Identifier System (R81L)

~terneti onel Civil Aviation Orae~n (fee.

ICAOl, publication av.eileblefor aContact the Document Sales Unit, ICAO, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West,

Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2R2 for ordering info~ation,.

ICAO Part 5 Aerodrome Design Henuel, Electrical Systama

M1.Mt N WwU.kwione a and Sta dQ.@n , available from Navel Public.etionaandForma Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Fbiladelphie, PA 19120. Telephone Number:Autovon 442-3321; Commercial (215) 697-3321; TWX (710) 670-1685.

HIL-P-9845 Panel, Relax, Pilot, Enclosed, Airport LightingMIL-L-81015 Lampholder, PAR 46/64, Aviation Lighting

~ , drawings available from Naval AirTechnicel Services Facility, 700 Bobbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111.

NAEC DWG. 621285 Installation Detaila for Simultaneous Operation’ofWaveoff Lights end Runway Waveoff Lights

flava 1 FacilJJiea EnRineerinR Comm and (Ifw) De13iRn H nuala.a GuideSpecificationa and P-Publicati0n4, available from Naval publications end FormsCenter, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. Telephone Number:Autovon 442-3321; Commercial (215) 697-3321; Il#X(710) 670-1685.

NAVFAC DM-2 Structural Engineering SeriesNAVFAC DM-4 Electrical Engineering SeriesNAVFAC DM-5 Civil Engineering SeriesNAVFAC DM-21.1 Airfield Geometric DesignNAVFAC DM-21.6 Airfield Pavement MarkingsNAVFAC P-SO Facilities Plannin8 Criteria for Navy and Marine

Corps Shore InatallationaNAVFAC P-SO.3 Airfield Safety Clearances

99

MIL-HDBK-1023/l

REPE8Ef?cEs

The publications listed below are referenced in this handbook and provideadditional guidance. Copies of these references are obtainable by Governmentagerrcieaaa indicated.

FAA Ad isorv C$xcularsv , may be obtained from the Department of Tranaportation,Publication Section, M-494.3, Washington, D.C. 20590. Request the latestedition.

AC 150/5340-4

AC 150/5340-17AC 150/5340-18AC 150/5340-19AC 150/5340-24AC 150/5345-1AC 150/5345-3

AC 150/5345-7

AC 150/5345-10AC 150/5345-13

AC 150/5345-26

AC 150/5345-42

AC 150/5345-44AC 150/5345-45AC 150/5345-46AC 150/5345-47AC 150/5345-50AC 150/5345-51

Installation Detaila for Runway Centerline andTouchdown Zone Lighting SyatemaStandby Power for ffon-FM Airport Lighting SystemsStandarda for Airport Sign SystemsTaxivay Centerline Lighting SyatemaRunway end Texivay lightlng SyatemaApproved Airport Lighting EquipmentSpecification for L-821 Panela for Remote Control ofAirport Lighting SyatemaSpecification for L-824 Underground Electrical Cablefor Airport Lighting CircuitsSpecification for L-628 Constant Current RegulatorSpecification for L-841 Auxiliary Relay CabinetAssembly for Pilot Control of Airport LightingCircuitsSpecification of L-823 Plug end Receptacle, CableConnectorsFM Specification L-857, Airport Light Baae andTransformer Houainga, Junction Boxes and AccessoriesSpecification for Taxiway end Runway SignsLightweight Approach Light StructureSpecificatlon for Runway end Texiway Light FixturesIsolatlon Transformers for Airport Lighting SystemsSpecification for Portable Runway LightsSpecification for.Discharge Type Flaaher Equipmen~

FAA Standarda Suemcationa and Dra Ww , are available from the FederalAviation Administration, Program Engineering end Maintenance Service,Washington, D.C. 10591.

EM Eaulument Snecificationa:FAA-E-91O Structural SteelFAA-E-982G PAR-56 LampholderFM-E-1315 Light Base end Transformer HousingFM-E-2204 Specification for Diesel Engine Generator Seta, 5KU

to 300KWFM-E-2 325 Medium-Intenalty Approach Light System with Runway

Alignment Indicator lights (MALSR)FM-E-2604 Low-Impace-Resistent Structures for Medium-Intensity

Approach Lighting SystemsFAA-E-2628 Sequenced Flaahing Lighting ‘System,Elevated end

Semiflush with Dimming and MonltorhtgFM-E-2651 omnidirectional Approach Lighting System (ODALS)

100

FfIL-HDllK-1023/l

FAA-E-2689 Dual Pfode High Intensity Approach Lighting System(ALSF-2/SSASR)

FAA-E-2690 Isolation Transformer for Approach Lighting System(1500 watt)

FAA-E-2702 Low Impact Resistant Structures

FM Construction Svecwationa:

FAA-C-2 626 Construction of A ?Iedium-IntensityApproach LightingSystem with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights (I%4LSR)end of A Runway End Identifier Light System (REIL)

FAA-C-2722 Construction of a Eigh-Intensity Approach LightingSystem with Sequenced Flashing Lights for Category II(ALSF-2) Runvaya

FM Dra kmC 6046AW Frangible Coupling, Type 1 and ~pe 1A, DetailsD 6076 Series ALSF-2 Approach lighting System 6‘-0” to 40’D 6131 Series High-Intensity Approach Lighting System vith

Sequenced Flashing Lights (ALSF-2)D 6155 Series ALSF-2, 6’ to 128’ and f4ALS40” to 128’, LIR

StructuresD 6213 Series FiALSRwith Threshold lights and Low-Impact-Resistant

Structure

M temeti onal civil Aviation on (ICA

Contact the Document Salea Unit,

0)., available for a fee.

ICAO, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400,Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2R2 for ordering information.

Annex 14 International Standarda and Recommended Practicea,Aerodromea

Part 4 Aerodrome Design manual, Visual Aids

International Militarv Standard@. Copies of NATO STANAtiSand ASCC Air- Standards are available from U.S. Naval Publication end Forma Center, 5801

Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 10120. Telephone Number: Autovon 442-3321;Commercial (215) 697-3321. 3WK (710) 670-1685.

~3316 Airfield Lighting3534 Airfield Portable lighting3652 Helipad Lighting (vMC)3892 IlovementArea Floodlighting

/4s CC Air Standard~65/1 Airfield Runway Linhtirm65/4 Airfield Approach iight~ng65/6 Airfield Portable Lighting Syatema ‘65/9 Texivay Lighting65/12 Category II Airfield Lighting end Marking Stendarda65/16 Helipad Lighting (vMC)65/17 Airfield65/18 Movement

Sigrm

Area Floodlighting

101

FIIL-HDBK-1023/l

l!u~ tarv Sve~ions and StandnrdR, available from Raval publications andForms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. Telephone Number:Autovon 442-3321; Commercial (215) 697-3321; ~ (710) 670-1685

MIL-P-4971 Panel, Control Trensfer, Airport Lighting, Type MB-lMIL-L-5904 Light, Runway ?larker,Elevated, Type C-1MIL-L-7082 Light, Runway 14arker,Elevated, we M-1HIL-P-8944 Panel, Airport Lighting Control, GeneralMIL-C-26885 Cubical, Power Distribution Automatic Trcnsfer,

Airfield Lighting (ASG)MIL-B-8954 Base and Acceneoriee, Airport Marker LightsMIL-L-19661 Li8ht, Marker, Portable, Emergency, Airfield, Battery

OperatedMIL-G19826 Generator Sets, Diesel Engine, Alternating Current,

10KW Through 500KUIIIL-L-22252 Circllng Guidance Light, SpecificationMIL-L-26202 Light, marker, Airport, SemiflushMIL-L-26764 Light, Marker, Approach, High Intensity, Type MB-2MIL-C-25050 Colors, Aeronautical Lights and Li8hting EquipmentMIL-L-26990 Light, Marker, Airport Approach, High Intensity, Type

us-lMIL-T-27535 Transformer, Power? Isolation, Series Circuit

National Electrical Manufacturer Aeaociation (NEMA) Publicatioq, availablefrom NSMA, 2101 L Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20037.

NEM/iFA-1 Outdoor Floodlighting Equipment

Eaval Air Svstems Command (~A AIR)v pub~ , available from NavalPublications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120.Telephone Number: Autovon 442-3321; Commercial (215) 697-3321; TWX (710)

NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 Technical Manual, General Requirements for ShoreBaaed Airfield Harking and Lighting

Nava1 Air E nineerinn Center Dra inns (NABC), avkilable from Naval AirTechnical S~rvices Facility, 700wRobbina Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111.

NAEC DWG. 615902 Floodlight Assembly, IilghtVision Type

5Srl:ificationa

1 Fa~ Commandand P- pub~ s, available from Raval Publication

Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120. TelephoneAutovon 442-3321; Commercial (215) 697-3321; TWX (710) 670-16g5

NAVPAC DII!-21 Airfield Pavement Design SeriesNAVFAC DM-23.02 Navigation end Traffic AidsNPGS-O1O11 Additional General ParagraphaNPGS-16560 Airfield Lightin8

F!AVFA c e-~ lle.f.initive Deeian Drawinua1403042 Airfield Liiihtin8.Direct S’Ueli08StatiOn

andNumber:

1404275 Approach Liatifi” System, Plan LayoutElevation/Aiming Plan, Visibility Plcn

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HIL-HDBK-1023/l

1404276

1404277

1404278

1404279

1404280

1404281

14042821404283

1404284

1404285

14042861404287140428814042891404290140451014045111404512140451314045141404515

Approach Li8hting System, Approach Lighting Vaplt,One Line & Block DiagramApproach Lighting System, 8eries Wiring, FixtureSchedule, Circuit Load ScheduleApproach Lighting System SPL Wiring Diagram &SubstationApproach Lighting system, Threshold, 500 Foot 7 WingBars, Road SectioneApproach Lighting System, Terminating, 1000 FootCross end Centerline BarsApproach Lighting Syetem, Light Bar Sections, Towerend Miscellaneous OetailsRunway Lighting, Edge Llghta end Distance Pfarkers-PlanCircling Guidance, Touchdown Zone, & Centerline Plans& Typical WiringIdentification & Edge light Installation Details &ScheduleCircling Guidance & Edge Light Installation Detaile &ScheduleTouchdown Zone 7 Threshold lights Installation OetailaInset Fixture 7 Wiring Installation OetailaDuct Line Plan & Handhold DetailaSimulated Carr{er Deck Lighting, Plan & Wiring DiagramSimulated Carrier Oeck Lighting DetailsMALSR, Plan end General Detailst4ALSR,System Riser DiegramMALSR, System Schematic Dfa8reMMALSR, Equipment Mounting OeteilsMALSR, Tower end Foundation DetailsMALSR, 1000 Foot Cross Bar and Foundation Detaila

Rural Elwtci-f.ica ion Adminit atration (55A) Bu~ s, available from U.S.Department of Agriculture, Rural Electrification Adminiatration,Information Services Division, Washington, D.C. 20250.

FIulle tins345-14 Specification PE-23 for Telephone Cablea for Direct

Earth Burial345-67 Specification P-39 for Filled Telephone Cablea

CUSTODIANNAVY - YD

P8EPAR127GACTIVITYNAVY - YD

PROJECT NO.FACR-0219

103

lNSIRUClf ONS: In s Continuing effort tG make our standmfizstioa doctunmitc bstta, the OC.D prufidea tbb form for w in

cubmittbg CGmmsnti and auggatiom for impmreman~. M umn of ndliwy standmdixstion d-mm - inritd to tmwide

rn!fgdiom. llh form OMY bs detxbsd, folded along Um ha indicated, hped dmg the IGOM edge (DEJ NOT STAPLE), andmdlsd. In btak 6, be u VSCIRC u ~Lde about psriicufu problem SIUS such u wording -bid mquh’ed Intqmawion. -

tco tid. mtict.he, IGG80, unbiguou, GY - incompatible,and ghe pmptxsd wordii cbmga wbicb woufd allmiats theproblems. Enw in block 6 my tenurb net relsted to t specific pamgrmph of the domuna nt. If block 7 u filled out, m

=kaowfedgement dll tM mailsd to you within.90dsya tG let you know that you comnmm were raeimd -d - beingmaddersd.

NOTE: ‘l%i# form UUY not bs used tG request copiss of documents, aor tG request dre?s, deviations, or chrificstiori of

SP065Mti0n IeWirementc on currentcontmcts. CammenU submittedon thh form do not ematitum or imply mnborizationto waim my PGrtionof the referenceddocument(#)or to amend conuutual requhemenb.

(Fold do., lhb lb.)

DEPARTMENT OF 8. fE NAVY

OFFICIAL BuSINE=●ENALTY FOR ●II IV ATE USE S300

111111pj!iqUNITEOSTATES

I BUSINESSREPLYMAIbl*#na A# L .=P,uslCLASSPERMIT No. lac.03 WASHINGTON 0. C.

PU=AGE WILL BE PAID BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

mMYANoEl?PACIFICDIVTSICNNAVALFACILITIESEtHNJmuIa asmANDCSIDE406PFARLHARBJR,HI 96860