Airborne remote sensing instrumentation for the National Ecological ...
Transcript of Airborne remote sensing instrumentation for the National Ecological ...
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Airborne remote sensing instrumentation for the National Ecological Observatory Network
NEON, Inc.Airborne Observation Platform1685 38th St Suite 100Boulder, CO 80301
Joel McCorkelMichele KuesterBrian JohnsonTom KampeKeith Krause
JACIE 2011 – Boulder, CO
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NEON’s mission is to enable understanding and forecasting of climate change, land use change, and invasive species on continental-scale ecology -- by
providing infrastructure and consistent methodologies to support research and education in these areas.
• Information infrastructure: Consistent, continental, long-term, multi-scaled data sets that serve as a context for research and education. All data free and openly available.
• Physical Infrastructure: A research platform for investigator-initiated experiments, new sensors and observations at NEON sites.
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1. Biodiversity
2. Biogeochemical cycles
3. Climate change
4. Ecohydrology
5. Infectious disease
6. Land use
7. Invasive Species
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NEON groups
Airborne remote
sensing (AOP)Biological
sampling (FSU)
Flux towers (FIU)
Satellite remote
sensing (LUAP)
Aquatics and Stream
Experiment (STREON)
Cyber infrastructure (CI)
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Civil science
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NEON’s 60 sites in 20 Domains
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NEON scaling Strategy
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Talk summary
• NEON mission
• Airborne package
– Imaging spectrometer
– Operations
– Calibration plan
• Pathfinder Flight 2010 with AVIRIS
– Airborne data
– Ground data
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Role of Airborne Remote Sensing
• AOP will observe invasive species, land use drivers and ecosystem responses surrounding the NEON Core and Re-locatable sites– land cover
– vegetation structure
– Invasive plant species
– biochemical and biophysical properties
– ecosystem functioning
• Bridge scales from organism and stand scales to the scale of satellite based remote sensing (e.g. meter-scale)
• Observe targets of opportunity (e.g. PI-science, wildfires)
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Airborne Operations
2 aircraft with identical payloads to cover sites
7-months, 1,100 flight hrs flight season
3rd Payload for backup & new science, targets of opportunity
Preseason calibration flights
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Airborne Observation Platform
Imaging Spectrometer
JPL
Waveform lidarOptech ALTM Gemini system
Applanix GPS/IMU
High-resolution
digital cameraApplanix digital airborne camera
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Neon Imaging Spectrometer
Design Verification Unit (DVU)
• Pushbroom imaging spectrometer
• Spectral range: 380 – 2510 nm
• Spectral sampling: 5 ± 0.5 nm
• FOV: 34 ± 1 degrees
• IFOV: 1 ± 0.1 mrad
• Radiometric sampling: 14 bit
• Crosstrack swath: 1 km @ 1 km AGL
• Spectral-cross-track uniformity: >95% uniformity
• Spectral-IFOV: > 95% uniformity
• Configuration: Two-mirror off-axis telescope, single Offnerspectrometer with multi-blaze grating, mechanical coolers
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Status of Airborne Observation Platform
2010
Design & development
Construction & commissioning
2011 20122009
PDRFDR
2008
Design studySpectrometer #1
Spectrometer #2 Start
construction
Airborne
Platform
development
NEON
Project
2013 2014 2015 2015
Design
Verification
Unit delivery
Pathfinder
Flight w/ AVIRIS
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DVU Development status
NEON
January 13, 2011 JPL NISDVU MMR 29
Backplate Assembly
Spectrometer AlignmentOperator Rack ECS Rack
NEON
January 13, 2011 JPL NISDVU MMR 29
Backplate Assembly
Spectrometer AlignmentOperator Rack ECS Rack
NEON
January 13, 2011 JPL NISDVU MMR 29
Backplate Assembly
Spectrometer AlignmentOperator Rack ECS Rack
NEON
January 13, 2011 JPL NISDVU MMR 29
Backplate Assembly
Spectrometer AlignmentOperator Rack ECS Rack
• 2008-Dec Completed JPL conceptual design
study & early risk reduction tasks
• 2009-Feb Subsystem design reviews
• 2009-Oct – 2012-Apr
• Spectrometer design verification unit
(DVU)
• Prototype algorithms
• Flight campaigns (inc. 2010 pathfinder)
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Calibration timeline for airborne platform
Pre flight
season
laboratory
characterization
at NEON HQ in
Boulder, CO
Flight season characterization:
-On-board calibrator
-Known test sites
-Solar radiation based
calibration
Pre flight season
operational test.
Coincident
measurements of:
-3 airborne platforms
-Satellite sensors
-Ground-based
reflectance and
atmosphere
Winter Spring Fall
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Calibration Facility – Spectral
Monochromator Rare gas spectra
Laserbank
Laser sphere
SRM 2065 - Ultraviolet-
Visible-Near-Infrared
Transmission
Wavelength/Vacuum
Wavenumber Standard
SR
M2
06
5
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Calibration Facility – Radiometric
NIST irradiance standard Integrating-sphere source
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39045C
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NEON Pathfinder Mission 2010
NEON Domain 3 core site: Ordway-Swisher Biological Station, Florida
Prototype to incorporate multiple NEON data-streams to
– Develop scaling strategies
– Ground-truth airborne measurements
Field sampling measurements– Tree diversity
– Vegetation structure
– Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Airborne measurements– Imaging spectroscopy
– Waveform lidar
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Pathfinder 2010 photos
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Pathfinder 2010 – Imaging Spectrometer
4 September 2010
AVIRIS
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Pathfinder 2010 –Waveform lidar
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Lidar
Lidar first return
AVIRIS31 March 2011 JACIE 2011 21
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Leaf Area Index data
Ordway-Swisher tower airshed LAI transects
Easting (UTM)
No
rth
ing
(UTM
)
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EO-1 on September 3, 2010
Hyperion = pink footprint
Advanced Land Imager = yellow footprint
Campaign area = Black outline
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Radiometric Cal site - Landsat 5 TM
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AVIRIS and ground spectra
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AOT 500 nm on Sept 4, 2010 at OSBS
Measurements for vicarious calibration
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AOT 500 nm on Sept 2, 2010 at GNV
Ordway Test Site
Gainsville Airport Test Site
AVIRIS on 4 Sept 2010
AVIRIS on 2 Sept 2010
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350 1350 2350
Wavelength (nm)
GNV airport reflectance
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Wavelength (nm)
OSBS veg cal target reflectance
Ground reflectanceAtmospheric
characterization
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Summary
• NEON airborne remote sensing will provide a remote sensing capability beyond existing systems in its ability to produce quantitative information about ecosystems drivers and responses with annual coverage
• Airborne instrumentation will provide sub-meter/meter scale measurements to bridge scales from organism and stand scales to the regional scale
• NEON data system will enable free and open exchange of scientific information from the Observatory
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• BACKUP / DELETED SLIDES
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Airborne System Description
spectrometer
LiDAR
camera
Payload Integration Mount (PIM)
• Three airborne remote sensing
payloads
– Imaging spectrometer
– Waveform lidar
– High-resolution camera
– GPS-Inertial measurement unit
• Leased Twin Otter aircraft
• Instrument maintenance and
calibration facility
• Science and flight operations
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