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Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C)

21st Century „Force Enabler‟ for the Joint Commander

09 December 2008

John Mahaffey

Senior Scientist

Capability Area 5 – Joint ISR

John.mahaffey@nc3a.nato.int

Although NC3A collaborates with national governments and industries in the performance of its activities, any reference to national and/or corporate capabilities, systems, products or images in this presentation does not imply

any official or formal NC3A endorsement.

Disclaimer

AEW&C – 21st Century Force EnablerAgenda

■ Introduction – NC3A/CAT 5 JISR

■ 21st Century AEW – An Evolutionary Capability■ Emerging Operational Requirements

■ Emerging AEW C2ISR Mission Sets

■ Emerging Technical Capabilities

■ NC3A – NAEW&C Projects■ NAEW&C – Scientific and Technical Support

■ Multi-sensor Aerospace-ground Joint ISR Coalition (MAJIIC)

■ C2-JISR Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E)

■ NAEW Transformation - Operational and Technical

■ Summary

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NC3A’s Mission

4NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO C3 Agency - Enable NATO’s success through the unbiased

provision of comprehensive C4ISR (consultation, command,

control, computers intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance)

capabilities.

Capability Area Team 5 (CAT5) – Joint ISR Team - Provision of

technical, scientific and operational subject matter expertise in the

field of JISR. Support customers with doctrinal and conceptual

studies, scientific experimentation, prototype development, system

interoperability and integration and verification and validation

activities.

AEW&C – 21st Century Force EnablerEmerging Operational Requirements

■ Emerging Operational Requirements:■ Defensive to Expeditionary Operations

■ ISAF, KFOR, NRF

■ Article V to CRO■ Peace Keeping/Making (Allied Force)

■ Force Protection (HVE)

■ Disaster Relief

■ Environmental /Border Enforcement

■ Counter Terrorism, Piracy, Narcotics

■ Increased Requirements for Information:■ Command and Control (C2)

■ Joint ISR (JISR)

■ Near Real Time – Archived

■ Expanding range of Commanders:■ Operational to Tactical

■ Cross – Component

■ Non-traditional■ Civil - Law Enforcement

■ Special Operations

■ NGO NATO UNCLASSIFIED

AEW&C – 21st Century Force EnablerEmerging AEW – C2ISR Mission Sets

■ Information Intensive Operations:■ Time Sensitive Targeting (TST)

■ Troops in Contact (TIC)

■ Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR)

■ Suppression of Enemy Air Defences (SEAD)

■ Cross Component – Cross Coalition:

■ Reach back – Reach Forward■ C2 Extension for the Battlespace

■ Leveraging other component systems■ ISR (Tactical UAV/SIGINT)

■ Offensive (artillery, rockets, forces)

■ C2 and ISR – „Blurring the Lines‟:■ Non Traditional ISR (NTISR)

■ E-3 sensor products

■ E-3 relay of other sensor products

■ JISR Coordinator ■ Relay of ad-hoc tasking

■ Support to operations

■ Force protectionNATO UNCLASSIFIED

AEW&C – 21st Century Force EnablerEmerging Technical Capabilities

■ Emerging Technologies:■ NATO Network Enabled Capabilities (NNEC)

■ Collaboration, Analysis and Execution

■ Secure Wide and Local Area Networks

■ Distributed Operations

■ Web based applications (web services)

■ Secure multi-level access to information

■ Emerging/Enhanced C2 and Joint ISR Systems:■ NATO Owned and Operated Systems

■ NAEW&C – NATO Mid-term

■ Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS)

■ NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS)

■ National Systems - Air and Ground Based■ C2 Systems

■ Joint ISR Systems

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NC3A – NAEW&C Scientific and Technical Support

■ Scientific, technical, operational and

conceptual support for NAEW&C FC to

maintain an operationally relevant

capability:■ 2009/10 Priority - Development of an

operationally viable „chat‟ capability

using HF, UHF & Iridium to support of

NAEW Force tasking■ ISAF

■ Counter-piracy

■ NRF

■ Support urgent/mission critical

requirements via applied CD&E:■ NAEW Stage I & II IP/Chat Test Rack

■ Applicable to all platforms with access to

HF, UHF and/or Iridium■ MPA

■ Air Transport

■ Ground Systems NATO UNCLASSIFIED 8

HF

UHF

Iridium

ACC- CAOC

CJTF HQ

MCCLCC

Secure WAN/LANGEP

Chat/IP data

■ Develop Joint ISR network-enabled interoperability (operational and technical) to optimize the employment of ISR resources in the Joint/Coalition Environment

■ Improve the commander‟s situation awareness through collaborative employment and use of interoperable ISR sensors and exploitation capabilities (“end to end” system approach)

■ Front end: collects data (platforms, sensors, operators...)

■ Back end: produces/disseminates intel (analysts, processors...)

■ Support architectures and integrates C2 “ends”

■ Development, evaluation and integration of operational, technical and architectural capabilities

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Representative MAJIIC Architecture Multilevel – Cross Component

JFC

ACC

FMV

MTI/SAR

EO, IR

TAC Recce

ESM

Air Surveillance

LCC

ISTAR Bn

IFC

Analyst

Analyst

Analyst

ISR OperatorAnalyst Analyst

Collection

ManagerAnalyst

CSD

CSD

CSD

CSDFMV

Analyst

ISR Operator

CSD

Analyst

GMTI

Analyst

ISR Operator

FMV

ACC: Air Component Commander

CSD: coalition Shared Data Server

EO/IR: Electro Optical Infrared

ESM: electronic Support Measures

IFC: Intelligence Fusion Centre

FMV: Full motion Video

JFC: Joint Forces Commander

LCC: Land Component Commander

MTI: Moving target indicator

SAR: Synthetic Aperture Radar

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Langley

AFB

MAJIIC

(CAOC X)

NC3A MAJIIC

JISR

systems

CSD

IRIDIUM

HF

UHF

NC3A

CAVE

MAJIIC

Secure Enclave

NAEW - MAJIIC TIE Integration Experiment Operational Architecture

XMPPChat

Network Ground Entry Point (GEP)

“”It would have been very useful if we could have done a

better job of bringing all our intelligence together very

rapidly, say aboard an AWACS where a controller then could

give more meaningful direction to the aircraft coming to the

battle.” General Chuck Horner

XMPPChat

XMPPChat

CSD

CSD

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NAEW MAJIIC –TIE Experimentation Results

GMTI

Data

NATO UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to Intenet

NAEW MAJIIC –TIE Experimentation Results

Full Motion

Video Capture

NATO UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to Intenet

NAEW MAJIIC –TIE Experimentation Results

NTISR System

Video Capture

NAEW&C Transformation – Way Ahead Operational

■ NAEW E-3 Force participation in NATO contingency operations

exercises and experiments (C2 and JISR support):■ Live and simulated C2ISR CD&E

■ NAEW and NATO AGS Force Harmonization – Operational/Technical:■ The NATO Owned and Operated C2ISR capability

■ Develop multi-level solutions for integration into NNEC capabilities: ■ NE-3A and E-3D – Forward and Backward Interoperability

■ NATO Force Planning - Airborne C2ISR Capability Packages for NATO:■ C2 Capabilities and Requirements

■ Operational Level Extension (CAOC, Command Ship, JFC)

■ Battle Management Execution (CRC, ASOC, ACE)

■ Joint ISR Capability■ ISR Platform – Producer/Consumer – Tasking/Analysis/Dissemination

■ Facilitator – Coordination/Management

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NAEW&C Transformation – Way Ahead Technical

■ Development of NATO Network Enabled Capabilities (NNEC):■ NNEC as a Guiding Principle – Standardization of Architectures, Systems

and Development Planning

■ Optimize current capabilities:■ Link 16 – Traditional Data Link – Options for development

■ Communications (HF, UHF, SATCOM)

■ Temporary capabilities (Iridium, on-board IP via comms)

■ Develop and integrate new capabilities – NMT and Legacy:■ IP based applications

■ Open architectures

■ Integrated solutions

■ Develop multi-track (long and short term capability benchmarks):■ Temporary capabilities – chat/IP racks)

■ Long term capabilities (Ku band SATCOM, integration into onboard

systems)

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NAEW Transformation –IP Based Capabilities

HF IP

5066

UHF IP

5066

SATCOM IP

Low Bandwidth

SATCOM IP

High Bandwidth

IRC

chat

XMPP

chat

File

Transfer

Access

Database

Operational Support Operational Participation

Radar Pickett Multi-Mission Aircraft

Update/Manage

Database

C2IS – Intelligence Applications

Ca

pa

bil

ity

Export

Database

Communications

Link 16

Chat

COTS

IP onboard

Capabilities

TimeJan 08 – Nov 09

C2 Element

ACE, Spec Ops

NGOsAEW&C

Air Battle Management

Air Surface Surveillance

Joint ISR

Analysis, Exploitation

Coordination

NAEW&C Transformation ConceptNATO Multi-Mission Aircraft (MMA)*

* The NATO – Multi-Mission Aircraft (MMA) is an NC3A Concept based on C2 /JISR CD&E not endorsed by NAEW FC, SACEUR or SACT.

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Summary

■ The NATO Operational and Technical Environment is Changing:

■ Defensive – Expeditionary Operations

■ Information Intensive Operations

■ Blurring of C2 and ISR mission requirements

■ Emerging Technical Capabilities/Requirements

■ AEW systems offer opportunities to support the environment:

■ C2 - Reach Back/Reach Forward, Operational /Tactical

■ Joint ISR – Supplier, Consumer, Facilitator

■ Way Forward into the 21st Century:

■ Long and short term plans for integration of AEW capabilities

■ Leverage, Exploit and Optimize emerging and current technologies

■ Allow the AEW to evolve into a Joint C2ISR Capability

Number 1 requirement – Vision and Commitment

CONTACTING NC3A

NC3A Brussels

Visiting address:

Bâtiment Z

Avenue du Bourget 140

B-1110 Brussels

Telephone +32 (0)2 7074111

Fax +32 (0)2 7078770

Postal address:

NATO C3 Agency

Boulevard Leopold III

B-1110 Brussels - Belgium

NC3A The Hague

Visiting address:

Oude Waalsdorperweg 61

2597 AK The Hague

Telephone +31 (0)70 3743000

Fax +31 (0)70 3743239

Postal address:

NATO C3 Agency

P.O. Box 174

2501 CD The Hague

The Netherlands

Mr. John Mahaffey – Briefer (CAT 5 JISR, MAJIIC, NAEW&C, NATO AGS, NATO Russia CAI) Ext 3782

Mr. Matt Roper - NAEW&C STS PM (CAT 5 JISR, NAEW&C, MAJIIC, NATO AGS, INT PSR 10) Ext 3697

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Backup Slides

NAEW MAJIIC Integration ExperimentObjectives

■ Objective 1: Connectivity between NE-3A and MAJIIC Joint ISR

capability via low bandwidth carrier (HF, IRIDIUM, UHF)■ Duplex access to secure wide/local area network (WAN/LAN)

■ Objective 2: Secure NE-3A chat connectivity to MAJIIC/JISR network■ Demonstrate IRC chat conversion to XMPP gateway if required

■ Join and participate in multiple C2 and JISR chat rooms

■ Objective 3: NE-3A connectivity to network enabled database (CSD)■ NE-3A operator download and display GMTI, ISR report from CSD

■ NE-3A operator uses laptop upload ISR reports to CSD.

■ Objective 4: Operational requirements capture■ IP enabled NAEW&C support to operational and tactical C2ISR networks

■ Explore NAEW&C E-3A technical and operational relationship with AGS

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NATO UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to Intenet

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Search query (KES->CSD)

1.2kB cgmti

6.6kB xml

17kB xml

48kB xml

Measured download time of XML and GMTI files at variable modem speeds.

Do

wn

load

Tim

e in

Se

co

nd

s

Modem Speed

NAEW MAJIIC Connectivity Results To Date

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NAEW Empire Challenge Experiment Operational Architecture

NE-3ADeployed Ground

Entry Point (DGEP)

IRIDIUM

HF

UHF

NE-3A

EC 2010

ParticipantCSD

XMPPChat

XMPPChat CSD

EC 2010

ParticipantCSD

XMPPChatEC 2010

ParticipantCSD

XMPPChat

EC 2010

ParticipantCSD

XMPPChat

CFBLnet

Rsync

EC 2010

KSAF Network

On board CSD to be limited in capability -

Acts as a remote CSD for the master CSD

at the GEP – Synchronized to DGEP CSD

only

DGEP CSD Acts as a the master

CSD supporting the remote CSD

in the NE-3A

Meta Data moves in one direction from

the DGEP CSD (Master) to the NE-3A

CSD via the Rsync – queries and

download requests move via http back

to the DGEP CSD

EC 2010

CFE Network

XMPPChat

CSD

CDCIE

CFBLnet

CFBLnet

CFE Units and Participants use CDCIE for

X-domain solution to connect to and

support KSAF participants (e.g. chat

rooms, CSDs, etc)