Air Traffic Management and the Environment (aircraft operations)
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Transcript of Air Traffic Management and the Environment (aircraft operations)
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I jornada de ambiente da força aérea10th December 2010
Alan MELROSEEnvironment [email protected]
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Air Traffic Management and the Environment(aircraft operations)
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Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example ATM Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks
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Aircraft Related Impacts and Altitude
Local Air
Quality
Noise Climate
Change
Regional
AQ
Ground (0- 33ft)
Final Approach /
Climb out
Initial Descent /
Climb to cruise
Cruise
Fuel
Use
3000ft
~10,000ft
Cruise
~1,000ft
Tranquility
De-icing etc
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Key European Legislation
• Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC)
• Noise Restrictions Directive Directive (balanced approach) (2002/30/EC)
• Air Quality Framework and Daughter Directives (96/62/EC)
• European Emissions Trading Scheme
• Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive (2001/42/EC)
• Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC and 97/11/EC)
• Single European Sky Regulations
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Why is ATM increasingly Important?
• The rate of aircraft technology improvement is slowing
• New technology to improve environmental performance will not arrive soon
• The industry is increasingly looking to ATM stakeholders to contribute
Aircraft Technology
Improvement
EnvironmentalImpact
Community Tolerance and
residential development
DemandGrowth
Present
time Regulation – etc etc
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Conceptual Diagram of ATM efficiency
Contribution
Conceptual diagram showing ATM performance
Fuel Efficiency
time
True performance improvement over the base case
90%?(Great Circle)
95%?Target
Base case
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Example ATM Improvements
Phase of Aircraft Operation
Departure Stand and Ground Movement
Reduced APU Use
Reduced taxi-time (A-CDM)
Reduced queuing
Engine out taxiing and towing
Flow- holding with engines off
Departure TMA
Airspace design & procedures
Track keeping accuracy
Continuous Climb
Departures
De-confliction
Preferred noise runway
Arrival Ground Movement and
Stand
Fixed Electrical Power
Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance and Control Systems
Engine out taxiing and towing
Reduced taxi-time
Reduced queuing
Advanced stand management
Arrival TMA
Airspace design & procedures
Reduce holding
Continuous Descent
Operations
Reduced vectoring
(controller tools)
Rwy allocation for min. taxi
times
De-confliction
En Route
Cost-effectiveness
Wind optimised routing
Advanced Flexible Use of Airspace
Optimum climb/descent profile
Optimum cruise levels
En-route speed control for orderly arrival in TMA (reduced holding)
Reducing diversions
BusinessTrajectory
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Comparison of Average Delay per Movement (ATFM Only) at Amsterdam Airport
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Arrivals DeparturesEFP Case Study
CODA, 2000
During 15/9-2/10 closure runways 24, 19R & 19L for take-off. Resulted in 30-70% runway
capacity loss at 1 airport affecting the total ECAC ATM system
Local Impact versus System Impact?
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Non ATM influencesPolluter Pays:- Airport Operator? Municipalities?
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SESAR Environmental Workpackages
• WP 16.6.3 Transversal - supporting all other WPs
• WP 16.3.x Environment specific Wps:
• 16.3.1 Validation Framework• 16.3.2 Performance Indicators (and management)• 16.3.3 Interdependencies with other performance areas• 16.3.4 Options to Mitigate Environmental Risk• 16.3.6 Societal response to Aviation Environmental Issues• 16.3.7 Environmental regulations
• WP8 – System Wide Information Management (specific Environmental requirement)
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Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks
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Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM)
“an airport environmental partnership”
www.eurocontrol.int/environment
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CEM Protocol – levels 1-4
Pre Implementation
Local “External”
Interests
Local Operational
Teams (e.g. CDM)
Specialist Experts
Other CEM airports
EUROCONTROL
ACI-ACA
SESAR requirement and ESSI Objective
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CEM is inwardly and business focussed….
• Delivering ENV Obligations – with communications through established channels
• Gaining external recognition for the environmental benefits of operational improvements at an Airport
• Joint priorities and plans - ‘voluntary’ environmental initiatives before announcement/commitment
• Unified external face - trust, stronger negotiation of permits, rules, limits and permission for growth etc
• Minimising Environmental Risk and Securing Growth -for a multi-business enterprise ‘the airport service partnership’
A business focussed activity
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CEM Validation Progress
• 2010 first year of practical
implementation: CEM
guidance/concept validation
started - 3-7 airports wanted
CEM map= seriously considering= now implementing= claim CEM activity
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Continuous Descent Operations
(ECAC = Continuous Descent Approach)
www.eurocontrol.int/environment
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CDA Concept
CDA
Establish on the ILS
“Conventional”
Extended low level segment
Distant Noise Benefit 1dB to 5dB
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Benefit
Provision of Distance To Go (DTG)
DTG implicit
‘Procedure’Standard Arrival Route using Precision aReaNAVigation (P-RNAV)
DTG explicit
‘Radar’Approach
controllers offer estimate(s) of DTG
Percentage of CD achieved Altitude Capacity
From higher(Ideally Top of
Descent)
Ideal Hungry100%
5 to 10%
From loweraltitude
OK Lesshungry
60 to 80%
80%
In low traffic density
During busy periods
Profile
Mix of both is
best
Pilot technique not
an ATC procedure
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CEM and CDA(CDO)
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CEM and CDA(CDO)To access the map:To access the map:
1.1. Go to the EUROCONTROL website: Go to the EUROCONTROL website: www.eurocontrol.intwww.eurocontrol.int
2. Click on the button 2. Click on the button ‘‘Extranet LoginExtranet Login’’ at the top of the at the top of the pagepage
3. Once you have completed the registration process, (or 3. Once you have completed the registration process, (or if you are already registered on if you are already registered on ‘‘One One SklySkly teamsteams’’ ) ) --then forward your details to then forward your details to [email protected]@eurocontrol.int to be to be added to the list of recognised added to the list of recognised ‘‘CDA Map ToolCDA Map Tool’’ usersusers
4. Once you have been granted access to the CDA Map by the CDA team (which may take a few days) – then log-on to EUROCONTROL’s extranet ‘One Sky Teams’
5. The link ‘CDA map tool’ should now appear in your list of ‘Online Services’ at the left of the screen – this will take you to the CDA map
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CDA and CEM Guidance
http://www.eurocontrol.int/environment/public/subsite_homepage/homepage.html
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Flexible Use of Airspace
Source: Eurocontrol
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Environmental Benefits
€180M945,000300,000315kg100kg
Bucharest
Manchester
Stockholm
CDA
€240M470,000150,000160kg/flight50kg/flightMunich
airport
Variable taxi
times
€108M570,000180,000ECAC-wide
2km route
extension
reductions
€360M1,890,000600,000ECAC-wideATFM
€102M535,000170,000ECAC-wideFlexible Use
of Airspace
€186M976,000310,000ECAC-wideRVSM
Potential
Fuel Cost
Savings at
€600/T
Potential
Network
Savings
CO2 (T)
Potential
Network
Savings
Fuel (T)
CO2
Savings
Fuel
SavingsLocationOperation
€180M945,000300,000315kg100kg
Bucharest
Manchester
Stockholm
CDA
€240M470,000150,000160kg/flight50kg/flightMunich
airport
Variable taxi
times
€108M570,000180,000ECAC-wide
2km route
extension
reductions
€360M1,890,000600,000ECAC-wideATFM
€102M535,000170,000ECAC-wideFlexible Use
of Airspace
€186M976,000310,000ECAC-wideRVSM
Potential
Fuel Cost
Savings at
€600/T
Potential
Network
Savings
CO2 (T)
Potential
Network
Savings
Fuel (T)
CO2
Savings
Fuel
SavingsLocationOperation
Delivered
In the pipeline
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PortugalCDO Implementation
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Free Route Airspace
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Free Route Benefits
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European Commission project“AIRE”
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PortugalCDO
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Topics
•A General Perspective
•Example Mitigation Initiatives
•Future Risks
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Future ‘Hot’ Issues
• Peak Oil
• Climate Adaptation
http://www.icao.int/DevelopmentForum/Forum_08/Docs.htm
Avinor
http://www.eurocontrol.int/statfor/public/standard_page/Challenges_to_Growth.html