Air Traffic Control and Nav Aids

Air Traffic Control

Air Navigation

Emmanuel FUCHS

THALES ATM

Air Traffic Management

Airways

Route

Corridor

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

Corridor

• Flying at 900 Km/h in a corridor is like driving a Ferrari at a speed of 200 km/h on highway with a black windscreen.

Corridor

Horizontal SeparationVertical Separation

Highway Analogy : inserting traffic

NavigationSurveillance

Navigation : AIR Railway track

Navigation Aids

Navaids

• NDB : Non Directional Beacon

• VOR : VHF Omni Range

• DME : Distance Measuring Equipment

• RNAV : Radio NAVigation.

• ILS : Instrument Landing System

• INS : Inertial Navigation System

• Satellites

• A flight

• Automatic Flight Management

Airways and NDB

Route

Corridor

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

NDB

NDB

NDB

NDB

NDB

NDB

6

3

12

1521

24

N

S

EW30

33

Direction Finder (NDB)

6

3

12

1521

24

N

S

EW30

33

Direction Finder (NDB)

NDB

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


VOR (VHF Omni Range)

= 0°

= 90° = 270°

VOR/DME

VOR

0°10°

20°30°

40°

50°

60°

70°

80°

90°

100°

110°

120°

130°

140°

150°160°

170°180°

190°200°

210°

220°

230°

240°

250°

260°

270°

280°

290°

300°

310°

320°

330°340°

350°

VOR Radial

Radial 180

Radial 230

Radial 110

Radial 50

0°10°

20°30°

40°

50°

60°

70°

80°

90°

100°

110°

120°

130°

140°

150°160°

170°180°

190°200°

210°

220°

230°

240°

250°

260°

270°

280°

290°

300°

310°

320°

330°340°

350°

VOR Radial vs Course

Radial 230

Radial 50

Heading 50°, inbound on the 230 radial

Heading 50°,

inbound on the 50 radial

VOR/DME

6

3

12

1521

24

N

S

EW30

33

OBS

TO

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

VOR Receiver

TO/FROM Indicator (CDI)

Flags

Course SelectorOmni-Bearing Selector (OBS)

180°

N360°

CDI deviations

VOR/DME

OBS = 360

TO

180°

N360°

CDI deviations and TO/FROM indications

Course

OBS = 360°

VOR/DME

FROM

180°

N360°

CDI deviations and TO/FROM indications

Course

OBS = 360°

VOR/DME

TO

CDI deviations

Course

OBS = 30

180°

N360°

TO

CDI deviations

Course

OBS = 30

180°

N360°

VOR/DME

330TO

270FROM

180°

N360°

CDI deviations

VOR/DME

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)

DME

3.0 136 1

Distance NM Speed KT Time Mn

NAVAIDS : En-route Applications

VOR with DME

NDB

VOR with DME

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


RNAV with VOR (VHF Omni Range)and DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)

Vor/Dme 1Vor/DME 2

D2’

D1’

A2’A1’

Heading


Vor/Dme 1Vor/DME 2

D2’’

D1’’

A2’’A1

A1’’

Heading


Vor/Dme 1Vor/DME 2

D2

D1

Heading


Vor/Dme 1Vor/DME 2

D2’D1’

North

Airways and VOR/DME

Route

Corridor

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

Military Area

VOR/DME

VOR/DME

VOR/DME

VOR/DME

VOR/DMEVOR/DME

RNAV : VORTAC

WayPoint

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


ILS : Instrument Landing System

Glide Path

ILS

ILS GP

ILS Localizer

ILS receptor (like VOR)

Glide Path indicator

Localizer indicator

O M I

Glide slope Needle

ILS Localizer needle

ILS Marker Beacon

• Outer Marker : OM

• Middle Marker : MM

• Inner Marker : IM

OMMMIM

O M I

ILS Marker Compass Locator

NDB

ILS-LOC

NDB

VOR/DME

ILS-GS

ILS ground equipments

ILS-LOC

VOR/DME

ILS-GS

ILS ground equipments

ILS Marker (OM/MM)DME

ILS GlideSlope

VOR Course

ILS Localizer

ILS vs VOR deviation

NAVAIDS : Approach

ILS-GP

MAGS

DVOR/TACAN

NDB

Marker

VOR

GBAS

Solar-powered VOR

DME

ILS-LOC

MLS

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


INS : Inertial Navigation System and Oceanic Control

60 NM

FL = 280 - 370

Report each 10 °

14 h 00 (GMT)

8 h 00 (GMT)

Separation = 10 mn

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


Satellite Navigation

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


Flight Plan

• Roissy Charles de Gaulle : LFPG

• ORLY : LFPO

Airport Chart : LFPG

Airport Chart : LFPO

Approach Charts

ILS profile

Departure Charts

Flight Plan

• LFPG: runway 9, Heading 89°• LFPO: runway 26, Heading 258°, ILS 111.75

MHz, NDB 349 KHz• LPPO: VOR 111,2 MHz• Coulommiers, VOR 112,9 MHz

The route

LFPG

CLM

NDB

VOR

VOR

LFPO

9L

25

PARIS

258

NDB

The Cockpit

Navaids







• Satellites

• A flight


FMS : Flight Management System

Air Traffic Control and Nav Aids

Spiritual

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