Air Quality Progress Report 2013 - Breckland

Breckland Council

LAQM Progress Report 2013 1

Local Authority Officer

Zandra Waterford

Department Environmental Protection

Address Elizabeth House, Walpole Loke, Dereham, NR19 1EE Norfolk

Telephone 01365 656350

e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number

PR2013

Date August 2013

Breckland Council


Executive Summary

Breckland Council has considered all points required by the Progress Report. Air quality across most of the district is good and there was no exceedence of the annual objective for NO2 in Swaffham. Results show that NO2 concentrations are hovering around the 40ug/m3 and it is proposed to continue monitoring to assess the impact of the housing and retail developments, some of which have recently commenced building work, at opposite ends of the town. A Detailed Assessment was carried out in 2012 and concluded that the exceedence was not yet great enough to warrant the declaration of an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) but that the situation should continue to be monitored.

Breckland Council


Table of Contents

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 5

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 6

1.3 Air Quality Objectives 6

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 8

2 New Monitoring Data 9

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 9

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 13

3 New Local Developments 27

3.1 Road Traffic Sources 27

3.2 Other Transport Sources 27

3.3 Industrial Sources 27

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 27

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 27

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 28

5 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 29

5.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 29

5.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 29

5.3 Proposed Actions 29

6 References 30

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives Included in Regulations 7

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Reviews and Assessments 8

Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites 10

Table 2.2 Details of Non Automatic Monitoring Sites 12

Table 2.3 Ratified Data for 2012 for Swaffham 13

Table 2.4 Ratified Data f or 2012 for East Wretham 14

Table 2.5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2 annual means 16

Table 2.6 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2 1 hr means 17

Table 2.7 Results of NO2 Diffusion tubes 19

Breckland Council


Table 2.8 Sites for Diffusion Tubes by Site Type 20

Table 2.9 Results of Diffusion Tubes 2008 – 2012 21

Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2 annual means 23

Table 2.11 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2 24hr means 24

List of Figures

Figure 1.Map to show locations of automatic monitoring stations. 5

Figure 2.1 WASP 2013 for Gradko 11

Appendices

Appendix A QA/QC data 32

Appendix B Map of Diffusion tubes in Attleborough 34

Appendix C Map of Diffusion tubes in Dereham 35

Appendix D Map of Diffusion Tubes in Swaffham 36

Appendix E Map of Diffusion Tubes in Thetford 37

Appendix F Map of Diffusion tubes in Watton 38

Appendix G map of Diffusion tubes at East Wretham 39

Breckland Council


1 Introduction

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

Breckland District covers an area of 1,305sq kilometres and is one the largest rural districts in England. Located on the Norfolk/Suffolk border, Breckland covers much of the south, west and central parts of Norfolk. With a population of 129,000 Breckland is centred round the five market towns of Attleborough, Dereham, Swaffham, Thetford and Watton. The largest of these is Thetford with a population of over 21,000 and the smallest Watton with a population of just over 6,000. Retail, distribution, catering, farming and manufacturing are key economic activities.

Figure 1 Map showing Automatic Monitoring Sites Automatic Monitoring Station

Market towns

Breckland Council


1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)

process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy

for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and

Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local

authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine

whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where

exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air

Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)

setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly

Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity

in the Local Air Quality Management process.

They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment

Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the

risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should

undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of

Review and Assessment.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air

Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)

Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the

objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic

metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year

that are permitted (where applicable).

Breckland Council


Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be

achieved by Concentration Measured as

Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual

mean 31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual

mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m3 Running 8-hour

mean 31.12.2003

Lead 0.50 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen dioxide

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a

year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particulate Matter (PM10)

(gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a

year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide

350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 24 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004

125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 35 times a year

15-minute mean 31.12.2005

Breckland Council


1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Report Year Result

Upgrading and Screening Assessment

2003 Exceedence of the objective for PM10 at East Wretham Heath SSSI

Detailed Assessment 2004 Declaration of an Air Quality Management Area for PM10 at East Wretham Heath SSSI in 2005. see Appendix 1

Further Assessment 2006 No exceedances of any objectives likely and no more than the permitted number of exceedences for AQMA (PM10) 2005/06

Progress Report 2007 No exceedances of any objectives likely

Progress Report 2008 Exceedance of annual objective for NO2 at London Street Swaffham


2009 No exceedances of any objectives likely. It is noted that NO2 in London Street Swaffham is close to the annual objective

Progress Report 2010 No exceedances of any objectives likely. It is noted that NO2 in Station Road and London Street Swaffham is close to the annual objective

Progress Report 2011 Exceedence of the annual objective for NO2 in Swaffham was reported and the intention to submit a Detailed Assessment for this was stated.

Revocation of AQMA 2011 The AQMA declared in 2005 for PM10 was revoked in 2011


2012 Exceedence for nitrogen dioxide and therefore concluded that a Detailed Assessment should be produced for Swaffham.

Detailed Assessment 2012 Bureau Veritas employed to carry out a Detailed Assessment for Swaffham. Concluded no AQMA as exceedence small but to continue monitoring to assess effects of proposed developments.

Table 1.2 Summary of previous Reviews and Assessments

Breckland Council


2 New Monitoring Data

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

2.1.2 Figure 1 above shows the locations of the five towns and the Automatic Monitoring Stations detailed in Table 2.1 below at Swaffham and Wretham. The Swaffham Automatic site was added in February 2009 to obtain information for a Detailed Assessment of NO2 that was to be required because diffusion tube results for 2007 showed an exceedence of the annual objective for NO2. The objective was met in subsequent years until 2010, when it was again exceeded, also in 2011 and was very close in 2012.

2.1.3 Appendix A contains the QA/QC data for the automatic monitoring sites and the diffusion tube locations. Automatic analyser calibrations are carried out at 4 weekly intervals by Breckland Council. An adapted Local Site Operators’ (LSO) manual is used at the automatic monitoring sites in Swaffham and Wretham. This is a 34 page document so is not included in the Appendix A, all information used in the Breckland version is found in http://www.airquality.co.uk/reports/empire/lsoman/lsoman.html . All principles are followed as far as possible and all equipment instructions that are not relevant are removed.

2.1.4 Servicing of all analysers was carried out by SupportingU with data handling, 6 monthly site audits and data ratification carried out by AEA for the Swaffham site and AQDM for data handling and ratification for the Wretham site.

2.1.5 Appendices B-H are the maps showing the diffusion tube locations. Loader and Targa 2008 have produced guidance on using the diffusion tubes with siting information that is followed by Breckland Council.

2.1.6 PM10 monitoring is carried out at the Wretham site using the R&P TEOM. The TEOM data is corrected using the Kings College VCM.

http://www.airquality.co.uk/reports/empire/lsoman/lsoman.html

Breckland Council


Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name Site Type

X OS GridRef

Y OS Grid Ref

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Monitoring Technique

Relevant Exposure? (Y/N with distance (m)

to relevant exposure)

Distance to kerb of

nearest road (N/A if not applicable)

Does this location

represent worst-case exposure?

East Wretham

Rural

background 591315, 288704

NO2 PM10

NO

Chemiluminescence TEOM

Y 50m

NO

Swaffham Urban Facade

582093, 308469 NO2 NO Chemiluminescence Y 2m YES

Breckland Council


2.1.7 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

2.1.7.1 Appendix A shows the QA/QC and laboratory details for all data. Figure 2.1 Shows the results for the WASP 2013 for Gradko

Figure 2.1 WASP 2013 for Gradko

2.1.7.2 Table 2.2 below shows details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites and Table 2.7 shows the results for the diffusion tubes for the district. It can be seen that no location exceeded the annual mean of 40ug/m3 in 2012. Maps of monitoring sites are included in Appendices B-H.

2.1.7.3 Diffusion tube D1 was moved to a lamp post at façade of building in High

Street when 1st floor building became unavailable. Tube is now at 2m high on opposite side of road.

Breckland Council


Table 2.2 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name Site Type

OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA

Y/N

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N +distance (m)

to relevant exposure)

Distance to kerb of

nearest road (N/A if not applicable)

Worst-case

LocationY/N

Attleborough 1

Urban centre

604550, 295125

NO2 N Y 4 6 Y

Attleborough 2

Urban b’ground

603843, 294085

NO2 N Y2 7 N

Dereham 1

Urban centre

598920, 313267

NO2 N Y1 2 Y

Dereham 2

Urban b’ground

599283, 313599

NO2 N Y2 8 N

Dereham 3

Urban centre

599319, 313197

NO2 N Y2 5 Y

Swaffham 1

Urban centre

581985, 309004

NO2 N Y1 3 Y

Swaffham 2

Suburban b’ground

581807, 307617

NO2 N Y1.5 6 N

Swaffham 3/3a/3b

Urban roadside

582093, 308469

NO2 N Y3 4 Y

Swaffham 4

Urban roadside

582046, 308664

NO2 N Y2 4 Y

Swaffham 5

Urban roadside

582071, 308493

NO2 N Y3 7 Y

Swaffham 6

Urban roadside

582048, 308605

NO2 N Y3 5 Y

Swaffham 7

Urban roadside

581999 309099

NO2 N Y3 7 Y

Swaffham 8

Urban roadside

581980 309143

NO2 N Y3 5 Y

Swaffham 9

Urban roadside

581949 309055

NO2 N Y3 4 Y

Swaffham 10

Urban roadside

581977 308970

NO2 N Y3 3 Y

Swaffham 11

Urban roadside

581942 309162

NO2 N Y3 3 Y

Swaffham 12

Urban roadside

581987 309136

NO2 N Y3 3 Y

Swaffham 13

Urban roadside

581936 309155

NO2 N Y3 3 Y

Swaffham 14

Urban roadside

581980 309260

NO2 N Y3 3 Y

Thetford 3

Suburban b’ground

587036, 284579

NO2 N Y3 101 N

Watton 1

Urban centre

591747, 300796

NO2 N Y2.5 2.5 Y

Watton 2

Urban b’ground

591885, 300622

NO2 N Y2 2 N

Wretham SSSI

Rural 591315, 288704

NO2 Y Y 55 N

Wretham SSSI

Rural 591315, 288704

NO2 Y Y 55 N

Wretham SSSI

Rural 591315, 288704

NO2 Y Y 55 N

Well Cottage Thetford (A11)

Rural 589196, 285204

NO2 N Y = 21 to A11 17 to A1075

33 to A11 50 A1075

Y

Breckland Council


2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Table 2.3 shows that there was no exceedence of the annual AQ Objective at the continuous monitoring site (S3) in Swaffham and one exceedence of the hourly objective.. This information was used to derive the bias adjustment factor for the whole of Swaffham. Bias adjusted figures are shown in Table 2.7 below and it is shown that there was no exceedence of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide in Swaffham in 2012. A Detailed Assessment was produced for this area and the previous exceedences deemed minor and not appropriate to declare an AQMA but to continue monitoring.

Table 2.3 Ratified data for 2012 for Swaffham

Breckland Council


Table 2.4 Ratified data for 2012 for East Wretham

Breckland Council


2.2.2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

No measured annual mean concentrations have exceeded 40ug/m3

No sites have recorded more than 18 one hour means above 200ug/m3…

Automatic Monitoring Data

Tables 2.3 and 2.4 show that there were no measured exceedences of the objectives

for NO2 at the automatic monitoring sites.

Breckland Council


Table 2.5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type Within

AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period % a

Valid Data Capture 2012

% b

Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3)

2008* c 2009* c 2010* c 2011* c 2012 c

20 rural back

ground

N

69.6 69.6 17 12 12 20 12

S3 Roadside N 95.5 95.5 32 35 35 31 31

In bold, exceedence of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m3

a i.e. data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year

b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full calendar year would be 50%)

c Means should be “annualised” as in Box 3.2 of TG(09) (http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=page=38), if valid data capture is less than

75%

* Annual mean concentrations for previous years are optional

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=page=38

http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=page=38

Breckland Council


Table 2.6 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type Within

AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period %

2012a

Valid Data Capture 2012

% b

Number of Hourly Means > 200µg/m3

2008* c 2009* c 2010* c 2011* c 2012 c

S3 Roadside N 95.5 95.5 0 0 0 1 1

20 Wretham

Rural background

N 69.6 69.6 0 0 0 18 0

In bold, exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS objective (200µg/m3 – not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year)


b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full calendar year would be 50%)

c If the data capture for full calendar year is less than 90%, include the 99.8th percentile of hourly means in brackets

* Number of exceedences for previous years is optional

The 18 exceedences of the hourly mean at East Wretham which all occurred on one day have been explained in the Upgrading and

Screening Report for 2011 – it was thought to be due to a fire at the site.

Breckland Council


Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

There have been no annual means in excess of the annual mean NO2 objective.

Table 2.7 gives the bias adjusted results for the tubes – the bias adjustment factor

was taken from the tubes that were collocated at the Swaffham site and was 1.02 for

the year 2012. Collocated tubes are highlighted in grey and only the Swaffham site

was used for the local bias adjustment because, due to data logging failures and

faulty equipment, the data capture for the Wretham site was not good (69%)

Breckland Council


Tab

le 2

.7

Re

sults

of N

O2 D

iffusio

n T

ub

es 2

01

2 s

how

ing b

ias a

dju

ste

d re

sults

.

Bla

nk s

pace

s s

ho

w m

issin

g tu

be

s a

nd

the J

uly

co

lum

n is

bla

nk d

ue

to a

pro

cessin

g

fault a

t Gra

dko

.

2012 January February March April May June July August September October November December

Annual mean

Bias Adjusted

A1 40.6 33.25 36.82 28.44 20.03 21.94 25.23 26.04 30.28 32.51 46.37 31.05 31.67

A2 18.03 16.58 15.66 9.42 5.52 6.15 8.32 8.91 9.73 14.47 21.66 12.22 12.47

D1 31.81 28.81 32.02 21.99 18.57 21.71 23.29 31.34 25.63 44.59 57.25 30.64 31.25

D2 19.83 19.94 15.94 10.28 6.06 7.49 31.87 14.33 21.69 31.05 17.85 18.20

D3 39.14 38.51 35.28 19.31 16.71 29.47 13.84 30.25 33.48 46.70 30.27 30.87

S1 31.16 29.5 25.91 21.05 19.48 22.38 23.95 20.65 25.55 26.15 29.11 24.99 25.49

S2 15.7 16.56 13.74 8.72 4.8 5.5 7.61 7.36 10.98 22 15.41 11.67 11.90

S3 36.24 35.07 38.06 27.74 23.05 28.4 32.8 25.22 11.00 33.92 34.49 29.64 30.23

S3a 29.16 32.8 38.94 32.19 22.78 25.8 35.64 25.69 32.16 37.99 37.03 31.83 32.47

S3b 36.71 33.99 37.79 30.9 20.97 27.06 35.09 28.26 30.81 37.14 34.92 32.15 32.79

S4 31.89 24.3 33.21 30.94 22.28 13.47 26.24 30.5 28.97 28.63 24.44 26.81 27.34

S5 32.97 34.97 38.98 29.22 21.82 22.89 26.39 26.43 24.92 33.19 36.89 29.88 30.48

S6 37.64 35.54 36.14 35.87 26.37 33.46 40.41 23.22 32.05 40.53 40.36 34.69 35.38

S7 35.52 34.52 39.51 33.7 29.3 29.49 41 31.36 35.60 40.9 37.57 35.32 36.02

S8 35.7 41.3 43.13 40.93 25.13 29.83 40.85 35.24 37.31 44.95 43.47 37.99 38.75

S9 32.99 30.9 29.55 26.88 20.23 20.5 23.81 36.8 21.25 33.31 32.46 28.06 28.62

S10 29.28 30.4 27.12 22.89 21.5 26.95 24.51 31.42 34.10 27.57 28.13

S11 35.92 36.3 40.17 32.84 28.98 30.69 39.51 22.98 35.39 40.04 36.36 34.47 35.16

S12 36.41 33.19 38.37 37.78 24.98 29.24 39.12 25.76 39.75 40.46 34.51 35.20

S13 40.84 41.5 38.94 38.53 25.52 39.06 25.51 31.47 30.30 34.63 35.32

S14 29.85 25.82 18.94 15.92 28.32 22.21 28.06 34.21 37.47 26.76 27.29

T1 36.23 37.29 36.04 25.62 21.21 13.66 13.99 32.46 36.40 28.10 28.66

T2 34.88 32.06 33.17 23.62 22.06 17.73 24.01 17.57 25.96 20.32 27.96 25.39 25.90

T3 24.05 22.83 23.14 13.21 9.28 8.03 11.82 23.59 14.31 31.96 32.52 19.52 19.91

W1 30.84 25.78 29.48 17.77 16.71 16.5 24.64 11.05 0.25 55.07 35.48 23.96 24.44

W2 20.91 19.9 21.36 8.07 9.95 7.1 10.57 20.56 12.45 19.32 25.51 15.97 16.29

20 13.68 14.08 14.46 7.39 6.43 5.96 8.11 7.64 10.06 13.81 14.58 10.56 10.78

20a 12.67 14.29 16.5 7.22 6.93 5.45 8.47 8.69 10.47 13.59 15.08 10.85 11.07

20b 14.37 14.25 14.94 7.83 6.24 5.73 8.76 8.47 9.92 14.55 14.29 10.85 11.07

30 24.92 20.89 26.25 31.43 34.45 25.04 24.75 40.26 28.14 34.75 29.09 29.67

Breckland Council


Site ID/Location

Site Type Within AQMA? Triplicate & Co-located

Tube

Full Calendar Year Data Capture 2012 (Number of Months

or %) a

2012 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m

3) - Bias

Adjustment factor = 1.02

b

A1 Urban centre N N 100 31.67

A2 Urban b’ground N N 100 12.47

D1 Urban centre N N 100 31.25

D2 Urban b’ground N N 83 18.20

D3 Urban centre N N 100 30.87

S1 Urban centre N N 100 25.49

S2 Suburban b’ground N N 100 11.90

S3 Urban roadside N Y 100 30.23

S3a Urban roadside N Y 100 32.47

S3b Urban roadside N Y 100 32.79

S4 Urban roadside N N 100 27.34










S14 Urban centre N N 83 27.29

T1 Urban roadside N N 75 28.66

T2 Urban roadside N N 100 25.90

T3 Rural N N 100 19.91

W1 Rural N N 100 24.44

W2 Rural N N 100 16.29

20 Rural N Y 100 10.78

20a Rural N Y 100 11.07

20b Rural N Y 100 11.07

30 Rural b’ground N N 100 29.67

Table 2.8 Sites by Type

Breckland Council


Table 2.9 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2008 to 2012)

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA?

Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a

2009* (Bias Adjustment

Factor = 0.94)

2010* (Bias Adjustment

Factor = 1.04)

2011 (Bias Adjustment

Factor = 0.99)

2012 (Bias Adjustment Factor =

1.02)

S8 Roadside N 39.64 40.03 40.4 38.75

Breckland Council


2.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Particulate monitoring is only carried out at the East Wretham site.

There has been no exceedence of the annual mean of 40ug/m3. There have been 3

exceedences of the daily objective of 50ug/m3 but 35 are permitted. All data has

been corrected using the Kings College Volatile Correction Model (VCM) as carried

out by Air Quality Data Management (AQDM).

The monitoring site is representative of public exposure with a house at the site and

walkers being present at the nearby National Nature Reserve and SSSI.

Breckland Council


Table 2.10 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for monitoring Period %a

Valid Data

Capture 2011 %b

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent (Y or NA)

Annual Mean Concentration g/m3

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

20 Rural

background N 93.7 93.7 Y 16 13 18 23 17

In bold, exceedence of the PM10 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m3


b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full

calendar year would be 50%)

Breckland Council


Table 2.11 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective

Site ID Site Type

Within AQMA?

Valid Data Capture for monitoring Period %a

Valid Data

Capture 2011 %b

Confirm Gravimetric Equivalent (Y or NA)

Number of Exceedences of 24-Hour Mean (50 g/m3)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

20 Urban

background N 93.7 93.7 Y 5 2 3 16 3

Tables 2.10 and 2.11 show that Particulate concentrations and exceedences of the daily objective were markedly lower in 2012 when

compared to previous years. The weather was very wet in 2012 and washout may account for the reduction.

Breckland Council


2.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

There is no monitoring of sulphur dioxide undertaken in Breckland …

2.2.5 Benzene

There is no benzene monitoring carried out in Breckland.

2.2.6 Other Pollutants Monitored

Breckland Council carries out monitoring of ozone and the results are as set out in

the Air Quality Report carried out by AQDM in Table 2.3 above. The data capture in

2012 was not good due to data logging issues. The period of monitoring shows that

there were 16 exceedences of the daily maximum running mean of >100ug/m3.

Although not set in the UK regulations there is an EU target of 100 μg/m3 8 hour

mean not to be exceeded more than 10 times per year.

Tropospheric, or ground level ozone, is not emitted directly into the air, but is created

by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic

compounds (VOC). Ozone can be transported long distances by wind and this

means that even rural areas can experience high ozone levels that we see at East

Wretham.

Breckland Council


2.2.7 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Breckland Council has examined the results from monitoring in the district.

Concentrations are all below the objectives, therefore there is no need to proceed to

a Detailed Assessment.

Breckland Council


3 New Local Developments

There are no new local developments that have not been considered in earlier

reports.

3.1 Road Traffic Sources

There are no new road traffic sources in Breckland.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

There are no new non-road transport sources in Breckland. In the previous assessment it was reported that a diffusion tube for NO2 had been sited near the Mid Norfolk Railway yard. Table 2.5 shows that the annual mean for site D2 is 18.2ug/m3

and is not likely to be of concern for NO2.

3.3 Industrial Sources

There are no new or proposed Industrial installations for which an air quality assessment has been carried out or existing installations where emissions have increased substantially or new relevant exposure has been introduced.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

In 2012 and 2013 there have been several planning applications for larger biomass combustion plant and for sites where there will be multiple units aggregating to more that 1 MW . These are noted and monitoring of NO2 is proposed for these sites as well as particulate matter. Progress will be reported in the next assessment.

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

There are no new sources of uncontrolled or fugitive emissions of particulate matter in locations that have relevant receptors.

Breckland Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority area. Breckland Council confirms that all the following have been considered:

Road traffic sources

Other transport sources

Industrial sources

Commercial and domestic sources

New developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources.

Breckland Council


4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy

Information is being submitted to the Council in order that a decision can be made on

the direction it wishes to pursue on Air Quality in future. The decision will be made

when the result of the consultation on the future of the LAQM regime is announced.

Breckland Council


5 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

5.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

New monitoring data has been obtained in Dereham with regard to the railway and

stationary engines. It has shown that this is not likely to lead to an exceedence of

either the hourly or annual NO2 objective.

5.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

There are new local developments in progress in Swaffham that are likely to impact

on air quality in the town. It is proposed to continue monitoring until the

developments are completed so that the impact can be measured. There are similar

proposals for Attleborough and the diffusion tube network is hoped to be expanded to

assess the impact of traffic in the town.

Where appropriate, any new development is subject to an air quality assessment so

that the impact can be considered and mitigation measure implemented where

possible.

5.3 Proposed Actions

The Detailed Assessment for Swaffham showed that there was an exceedence in

2011 and the 2012 results showed a small decrease and no exceedence. It is

possible that the slow upward trend, outlined in the 2012 USA, has been affected by

weather (washout of pollutants in the extremely wet summer) and the loss of one

month of data in July. One year of a slightly lower result is not enough to cease

monitoring so it is proposed to continue until the new developments are completed.

Breckland will continue to work with other Local Authorities and external agencies to

ensure that any opportunity to improve air quality is taken.

Breckland Council


6 References

LAQM TG(09) (2009), Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). DEFRA publications London

Breckland Council, (1999) Stage One air quality review and assessment. Breckland Council technical library - Dereham office

Breckland Council, (2000) Stage two air quality review and assessment. Breckland Council technical library – Breckland Council Website

Breckland Council, (2004) Detailed Assessment for PM10. Breckland Council Website

Breckland Council, (2007) Progress Report. Breckland Council Website

Breckland (2009) Site Operator’s Manual for the Breckland Air Quality Monitoring Sites February 2009 Breckland Council Website



Breckland Council, (2012) Upgrading and Screening Assessment. Breckland Council Website

Bureau Veritas, (2012) Detailed Assessment for Swaffham. Breckland Council Website

DEFRA (2003) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: Addendum. Defra Publications: London

Defra and the Devolved Administrations 2009 Site Operators Manual Automatic Urban and Rural Network Report No: AEAT/ENV/R2750 March 2009 viewed at http://www.airquality.co.uk/reports/empire/lsoman/lsoman.html

Loader, A., and Targa, J., (2008) Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users. AEAT/ENV/R/2504 - Issue 1a

Wood, C., (2010) Air Quality in Swaffham May 2010 (updated June 2010)

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Appendices

Appendix A: QA:QC Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Tubes supplied by Gradko International Ltd using 20% TEA in water.

East Wretham Collocation

Swaffham Collocation

Factor from Local Collocation Studies Bias factor used is 1.02 based on 12 months of ratified data for Swaffham site.

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PM Monitoring Adjustment Kings College VCM model used. QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring Quality Control Procedures for Monitoring NO2 1 Diffusion Tube Monitoring

The diffusion tube network exposes each set of diffusion tubes to the atmosphere for approximately 4 weeks. Care is taken with the storage, handling and analysis of the tubes. All the diffusion tubes are stored in air tight bags under refrigerated conditions prior to use and used within the expiry date. Upon collection, the date, site and times are recorded. These tubes are then individually stored in sealed bags.

On the day of collection, the tubes are sent to Gradko International Limited for analysis, together with an unexposed tube as a blank ‘control’. The tubes are then collected and analysed by Gradko International Limited, in accordance with a quality control procedure.

Gradko adopt the following procedures, to ensure the results of the analysis are within the accepted accuracy range:-

Prior to each tube analysis undertaken, nitrite solutions ranging from 1-2ppm made up from a standard stock solution are run and checked against a calibration graph.

Every month a full range of nitrite standard solutions ranging from 0.5-4ppm are measured and compared against the instrument calibration graph.

Periodically, samples of tubes prepared for exposure are spiked with known concentrations of nitrite solution and measured. Blank tube values are also monitored from each new batch of tubes prepared.

Once per month, a stock solution containing a known amount of nitrite, is received from AEA Technology Environment and measured. The results are used as part of the UK NO2 Survey QA/QC Scheme. This stock solution is then used by Gradko to check the u.v. spectrophotometer calibration graph.

The accuracy of the measurements made by Gradko are also monitored by participation in an external laboratory measurement proficiency scheme, the ‘Workplace Analysis Scheme For Proficiency’ (WASP), implemented by the Health and Safety Laboratory, Sheffield. The current limit of detection is quoted as 0.004μg with an uncertainty of measurement of +/- 3.69%. The analysis is carried out in accordance with Gradko International Ltd, Internal Laboratory Quality Procedure GLM 5, and within their U.K.A.S.Accreditation Schedule.

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The values are blank corrected, using blank “control” diffusion tubes provided by Breckland Council.

2 Data Ratification

All diffusion tube data is checked on a monthly basis to identify any spurious data and compared with other local monitoring sites to further identify any suspect data.

3 NOx Continuous Analyser

Data is downloaded each 4 hours from the Wretham and Swaffham analysers and checked daily for any spurious or missing data. Data for Wretham is rescaled from the generated raw data from the analyser, using calculated instrument span factors:

Instrument sensitivity, F=c/(Vs-Vz) Where c is the concentration of the calibration span gas, Vs is the span response and Vz the zero response.

The pollutant concentration is then calculated as follows: Pollutant concentration = F(Va-Vz). Where Va is the instrument ambient air response. The final NO2 concentration = NOx concentration - NO concentration.

3.1 Data Handling and Ratification

Data handling Raw data is downloaded via a modem connection and Envidas software into an Envidas database or excel files. This is checked daily by AQDM

Data ratification The raw data set is retained and the rescaled data is examined for suspicious

and spurious data. Data is also checked for reliability and consistency and any suspect data is deleted.

All LSO work is carried out in-house. Ratification and scaling for the

Swaffham and Wretham site is carried out by AQDM. AEAT, carry out the 6 monthly site audit for Swaffham.

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Appendix B (Maps)

Map to show locations of diffusion tubes in Attleborough

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Appendix C

Map to show locations of diffusion tubes in Dereham

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Appendix D

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Appendix E

Map to show locations of diffusion tubes in Thetford

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Appendix F

Map to show locations of diffusion tubes in Watton

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Appendix G

Map to show locations of diffusion tubes and continuous analysers in East Wretham

Location of diffusion tubes 20/20a/20b and continuous

analysers

Air Quality Progress Report 2013 - Breckland

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