Air Quality, Climate Change Air Quality, Climate Change and Transport in Asia and Transport in Asia

2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review

Air Quality, Climate Change Air Quality, Climate Change and Transport in Asia and Transport in Asia

2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review2011 in Review

1 January 2011

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Japan Releases Guidelines on Low-Carbon Urban Development

Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism announced on August 30,2010, that it has formulated guidelines to create low-carbon cities. The Guidance wasformulated to support initiatives of local authorities, by indicating what should beconsidered when promoting low-carbon city development, its basic concepts, as well asthe necessary measures and methods of assessing their effects. Contents of the Guidancewill be updated as necessary. Read here: http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000136941.pdf

Tokyo, Japan.

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13 January 2011

China sets 2011 pollution control goal, warns of challenges

The Chinese government has set its 2011 target to reduce the emission of four majorpollutants, cutting them by 1.5 percent year on year. These main pollutants are ChemicalOxygen Demand (COD), sulfur dioxide, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrogen oxide. Ammonianitrogen and nitrogen oxide were newly added to the country's major pollutantsmonitoring list in accordance with its environmental protection plan from 2011 to 2015.

Photos are taken at CAI-Asia China Office located near CBD of Beijing. From left, Feb 14-16, morning.

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19 January 2011

India MOEF releases Air quality monitoring, emission inventory and source apportionment study for Indian cities

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) released the results of source apportionmentstudies in six cities (Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Kanpur, Mumbai and Pune) which assessedthe contribution of various sources to air pollution. Source emission profiles for vehicularand non-vehicular sources were also developed through this study. This is an outcome ofwork undertaken by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) with other research institutes.Reports are available here: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Source_Apportionment_Studies.php

Busy road in Bangalore, India.

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26 January 2011

Guangzhou named first Chinese winner of Int'l Transport Award

Guangzhou became the first Chinese city to be granted the International SustainableTransport Award 2011, for its recent transportation achievements—most notably theZhongshan Ave. Bus Rapid Transit, its public bike system and the Greenway System. Othernominees include Leon, Mexico; Nantes, France; Tehran, Iran and Lima, Peru.

City representatives Guangzhou and other nominated cities at the awarding ceremony.

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22 February 2011

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Palembang, Indonesia set to implement sustainable urban transport schemes

The City of Palembang decided to implement the Phase 1 of its Mid-term SustainableUrban Transport Action Plan. Phase 1 includes projects such as, the improvement of theTransMusi bus system and parking management schemes. The parking management partwill include removal of on-street parking and providing off-street parking facilities indowntown areas. Park & Ride facilities at the main cordon entries into the city will also be apart of Phase 1.

Heavy traffic in Palembang, Indonesia

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10 March 2011

Malaysia: Government may ban electric bicycles

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gElectric bicycles may be taken off the road if the Cabinet accepts a recommendation fromthe Transport Ministry. Minister Datuk Seri Kong Cho is recommending to not allow electricbicycles, citing safety reasons. For more information, read “Managing Two and ThreeWheelers in Asia” which analyzes social and environmental impacts of motorized two andthree-wheelers and provides an array of tailpipe and non-tailpipe measures to curb these.Read: http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/sites/default/files/documents/23-Wheelers-in-Asia-Book.pdf

Left: Electric bicycle. Right: Publication cover.

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2 April 2011

Karachi, Pakistan: Only 6% of 2.3m vehicles for public in city

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More than 24 million passenger trips are generated daily, but of over 2.3 million vehicles inthe Karachi, only 6% are public transport vehicles whereas nearly 54% use public transport.Karachi Mass Transit Cell Director-General Atique Beg highlighted the scarcity of publictransport in the city that 40 passengers competed for a seat in public transport vehicles.He said a study was being carried out in view of the city’s transport situation in 2030 andplanning was being done to integrate all the three planned transport systems – BRT, LRTand Karachi Circular Railway (KCR).

Overcrowded public transport in Karachi, Pakistan.

14 April 2011

Maynilad Water GHG Inventory gets ISO certified: Philippines' first ISO:14064 on GHG

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CAI-Asia mentored Maynilad Water in establishing their integrated GHG and air pollution emissions accounting system in 2010. With this as basis, Maynilad Water then sought ISO 14064:2006 Greenhouse Gases certification through TUV Rheinland Gmbh. While some companies report their emissions in the annual report , this is the first ISO certification of this kind in the Philippines. The certificate was awarded on April 14, 2011 in the presence of Philippines Climate Change Commissioner and Head of the Philippine Climate Change Delegation to UNFCCC Conference of Parties - Mr. Naderev Saño.

Awarding ceremony.

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25 June 2011

Jakarta, Delhi: close to deciding on congestion pricing?

Jakarta came one step closer to implementing the much-anticipated electronic roadpricing (ERP) system after the President signed Government Regulation (PP) No. 32/2011on Traffic Management and Engineering. The PP regulated steps to implement ERP, whichincludes planning, managing traffic, procurement and preparing road facilities. Aside fromJakarta, Delhi is also planning to introduce congestion charge to ease gridlock. TheMunicipal Corporation of Delhi hopes to introduce a system to levy 150-rupee (£2) fee oncars, motorbikes and even rickshaws entering central areas during the day.

Heavy traffic in Jakarta.

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21 July 2011

India adopts international pact on air pollution from ships

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The Indian government gave its nod for accepting international regulations for theprevention of air pollution emanating from ships, as proposed under a 1997 protocol ofthe International Maritime Organization. According to the regulations, limits have been seton sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and deliberate emissionsof ozone depleting substances have been prohibited.

A ship docked at a harbor spews smoke.

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12 August 2011

Vietnam: National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved

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Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung has approved the National Strategy for Climate ChangeAdaptation, which was designed to have four specific objectives. One of these objectivesis to sets out a target of transforming Vietnam into a low-carbon economy, with greengrowth becoming a mainstream of sustainable development. The strategy, which alsocovers 10 strategic tasks, says that climate change adaptation is a vital issue for Vietnam.

Left: Flooding in Vietnam. Right: Map of Vietnam showing likely impacts of climate change.

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16 August 2011

Leon Schipper, Physicist and Iconoclast, Dies at 64

Leon (Lee) J. Schipper passed away on 16 August in Berkeley, Calif. He held a bachelor’sdegree in music and a Ph.D. in astrophysics, both from Berkeley, but he specialized inenergy efficiency and transportation energy and was often a critic of the conventionalwisdom. “CAI-Asia pays tribute to Lee Schipper, a staunch advocate for clean air andsustainable urban transport, a beloved member of the CAI-Asia family.”Read an online journal by Lee’s family: http://www.lee-schipper.org/

Lee playing at BAQ 2010 in Singapore, November 2010. Inside: Lee receiving his Band-Air Award.

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1 September 2011

'We Need Safe Footpaths‘: Walkability survey results for 6 Indian cities released

The walkability study by CAI-Asia serves to help decision makers prioritize planning andinvestments to improve non-motorized mobility in India. In addition to availability ofpedestrian footpaths, it includes other parameters such as accessibility to crossings andamenities and road safety issues.Walkability in Indian Cities: http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/projects/India-walkabilityWalkability and Pedestrian Facilities in Asian Cities:http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/sites/default/files/documents/ADB-WP17-Walkability-Pedestrian-Facilities-Asian-Cities.pdf

Pedestrians crossing in Chennai Central Railway Station.

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7 September 2011

Vietnam sets vehicle emission standards and fuel quality roadmap

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Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung approved a new motor vehicle emission standard to mitigate motor vehicle emissions. Under the roadmap, automobiles will be required to comply with Euro 4 emission standards by January 1, 2017. Motorcycles manufactured, assembled or newly imported will be required to comply with Euro 3 emission standards beginning January 1, 2017. Parallel to these efforts, the Government is also set to improve fuel quality standards by leapfrogging to Euro 4 beginning 1 January 2016.

Hanoi, Vietnam.

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22 September 2011

Most dangerous Metro Manila buses named

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Following a string of road accidents, the Land Transportation Franchising and RegulatoryBoard (LTFRB) compiled a list of the most dangerous buses in Metro Manila, based on thenumber of accidents associated which may have resulted in deaths, injuries, damage toproperty, and warned that they may lose their franchises. The list covers 2010 and the firsthalf of 2011. The list is available here: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/63357/ltfrb-ranks-%E2%80%98most-dangerous%E2%80%99-bus-companies

26 July 2011: View from the Skyway over the wreckage of a bus that plunged 30 feet down to South Luzon Expressway in Paranaque, Metro Manila.

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26 September 2011

WHO releases global compilation of air quality data

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The World Health Organization released a global compilation of air quality data fromnearly 1,100 cities across 91 countries. Some of the main findings in the new compilationare: (1) Majority of urban populations have an average annual exposure to PM10 particles inexcess of the WHO Air Quality guideline recommended maximum level; (2) For 2008, theestimated mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution in cities amounts to 1.34 millionpremature deaths.*It is noted that CAI-Asia’s CitiesACT database is the main data source for Asia for theWHO Outdoor Air Pollution in Cities database

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 or less in 1081 cities, 2003-2010.

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21 October 2011

India BEE releases Consultation Paper on Passenger Car Fuel Economy Labeling and Standards Framework

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) released a consultation paper on Passenger Car FuelEconomy Labeling and Standards Framework for 2015 and 2020 (Available here:http://220.156.189.23/schemes/documents/s&l/BEE%20Consultation%20Paper-21Oct2011.pdf). Basedon this proposal, the Government of India will issue the notification on fuel economystandards and a labeling program under the Energy Conservation Act. Comments on theconsultation paper from Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is available here:http://220.156.189.23/schemes/documents/s&l/CONSULTATION/Final%20CSE%20comments.pdf

Surat, India.

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1 November 2011

Euro III gasoline now available in Sri Lanka

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Lanka IOC introduced, for the first time in the Sri Lankan market, Euro III grade petrol.Lanka IOC and Ceylon Petroleum Corporation have a duopoly on retail petrol and dieselsale in Sri Lanka. According to Mr K.R. Suresh Kumar, Lanka IOC Managing Director, sincethere was a large number of premium cars and SUVs on roads, there is a ready market forhigher quality petrol. The company, which sells normal (90 Octane), premium and 95Octane petrol here, plans to replace its premium brand petrol with Euro III standard petrol.

July 2011: Long lines of vehicles were seen outside Lanka IOC filling stations in Colombo

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25 November 2011

Car plate sales raise billions for Shanghai, PR China

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Shanghai Finance Bureau said fiscal income last year from plate auctions hit 4.15 billionyuan (US$652.7 million), compared to 2009's 2.59 billion. The bureau's report showed thatthe city government spent 2.4 billion yuan last year from the accumulated income fromplate auctions to support public transport. It was used to subsidize transit bus companies'purchase of greener buses, cover losses incurred by offering free rides to senior citizensand funding discount programs to encourage more people to take public transport.

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Shanghai traffic from above.

25 November 2011

Hanoi, Vietnam wants to increase car registration fee by 10 times

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In its petition sent to the Hanoi People’s Council, the Hanoi People’s Committee proposesto increase registration fee on cars (both new and secondhand) from the current level of 12percent to 20 percent for the first time, with cars of less than ten seats. The fee from thesecond registration will be 15 percent. Hanoi administration wants to raise registration feeto curb the growth of personal vehicles, to reduce traffic jams, to increase budget revenueto invest in public transport projects.

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25 November 2011

Cost-Effective Actions to Cut Black Carbon, Methane and Ground Level Ozone Spotlighted in New Report

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A package of 16 measures could, if fully implemented across the globe, save close to 2.5million lives a year; avoid crop losses amounting to 32 million tons annually and delivernear-term climate protection of about half a degree C by 2040. The measures, outlined ina new report compiled by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) with an internationalteam of experts, target short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs)—black carbon which is a majorcomponent of soot, methane and tropospheric ozone.

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6 December 2011

Companies Sign Joint Declaration for Green Freight in Asia

Global freight logistics companies, manufacturers, freight carriers and industry associationssigned the “Private Sector Declaration on Green Freight in Asia towards a GreenEconomy” to support green freight initiatives and programs in Asia. It was announced atthe 6th Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum and Urban Mobility India 2011Conference in Delhi on 6 December. Signatories of the declaration are also foundingmember of the Green Freight Asia Network that will be coordinated by CAI-Asia and theSustainable Supply Chain Centre Asia PacificFor more information: http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/projects/GFANPrivateSector

Launch of Green Freight Declaration at the 6th EST Forum in Delhi, India.

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6 December 2011

National Mobility Card launched in India

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The Union Minister for Urban Development Kamal Nath launched the National CommonMobility Card (NCMC) on the concluding day of the Urban Mobility India 2011Conference-Cum-Exhibition. The idea of NCMC is to provide commuters with a seamless,efficient and hassle free travel experience across the length and breadth of the country.Seamless connectivity across multiple modes of transportation will increase the popularityand acceptability of public transport nationally and make public transport more appealing.

The Union Minister for Urban Development, Shri Kamal Nath launching the Common Mobility card ‘More”, at the Urban Mobility India Conference 2011, in New Delhi on December 06, 2011.

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7 December 2011

WHO: green cars still hurt health

Transport policy changes recommended by the International Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) focus too much on better fuel and engine performance, and not enough onhealth impacts, claims WHO. “The IPCC is remiss in only focusing on climate change,”said Carlos Dora of WHO's Department of Public Health and Environment. “ 'Better'transport – better for climate and health, should focus on promoting a mix of high-qualityrapid transit/public transport and active transport i.e. safe cycling and walking,” said Dora.

17 April 2011: 13th Tour of the Fireflies in Manila, Philippines.

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11 December 2011

Durban conference delivers breakthrough in international community's response to climate change

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In Durban, governments decided to adopt a universal legal agreement on climate changeas soon as possible, but not later than 2015. Governments, including 35 industrializedcountries, agreed a second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol from January 1, 2013.To achieve rapid clarity, Parties to this second period will turn their economy-wide targetsinto quantified emission limitation or reduction objectives and submit them for review byMay 1, 2012. For more information: http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com

COP17/CMP7 president, Min Maite Nkoana-Mashabane and UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres at the last press briefing after the adoption of the ‘Durban Package’

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16 December 2011

Stakeholders demand sustainable urban transport in Kathmandu

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Clean Energy Nepal (CEN) and Clean Air Network Nepal (CANN) in collaboration withMinistry of Physical Planning and Works (MoPPW) organized "Kathmandu SustainableUrban Transport Forum” to inform and sensitize stakeholders on sustainable urbantransportation, share approaches and initiatives, forge collaboration and enhancecoordination among governmental, non-governmental and private sectors working onurban transportation.

Panel discussion during the Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Forum.

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29 December 2011

Nanjing release PM2.5 data of the past 4 years, Guangdong release data of the past 6 years

In end of November, Nanjing EPB indicated that it will release PM2.5 data by June 2012 latest, the first Chinese city to do so. Nanjing began to monitor PM2.5 as a pilot from 2008 with three stations. Based on 2008-2011 monitoring period, 50-60% of PM10 is PM2.5. For the same period, the annual PM2.5 concentration has increased with an average of 63 mg/m3. Soon after, Guangdong province released PM2.5 data of the past six years from three monitoring stations. In the past 6 years, the range of annual concentration of PM2.5 in urban areas of Guangdong is 37-47mg/m3.

Guangzhou, P.R. China.

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January

Japan Releases Guidelines on Low-Carbon Urban Developmenthttp://www.japanfs.org/en/pages/030473.html

China sets 2011 pollution control goal, warns of challengeshttp://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-01/13/c_13689609.htm

MOEF releases Air quality monitoring, emission inventory and source apportionment study for Indian citieshttp://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-19/lucknow/28372641_1_air-pollution-particulate-matter-air-qualityhttp://www.cpcb.nic.in/Source_Apportionment_Studies.php

April

Karachi, Pakistan: Only 6% of 2.3m vehicles for public in cityhttp://www.dawn.com/2011/04/03/only-6pc-of-23m-vehicles-for-public-in-city.html

Maynilad Water GHG Inventory gets ISO certified: Philippines' first ISO:14064 on GHGhttp://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/7286

June

Jakarta, Delhi: close to deciding on congestion pricing?Jakarta: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/25/one-legal-boundary-go-jakarta-erp.html

REFERENCES

January 17, 2012 Sample footer 29

Guangzhou named first Chinese winner of Int'l Transport Awardhttp://english.people.com.cn/90001/98649/7273325.html

February

City of Palembang set to implement sustainable urban transport schemeshttp://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-19/lucknow/28372641_1_air-pollution-particulate-matter-air-qualityhttp://www.cpcb.nic.in/Source_Apportionment_Studies.php

March

Malaysia: Government may ban electric bicycleshttp://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F3%2F10%2Fnation%2F8214628&sec=nation

legal-boundary-go-jakarta-erp.htmlDelhi: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/08/delhi-congestion-charge-ease-gridlock

July

India adopts international pact on air pollution from shipshttp://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2281539.ece

August

Vietnam: National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approvedhttp://english.vov.vn/Home/PM-ratifies-national-climate-change-adaptation-strategy/201112/133269.vov

REFERENCES

Leon Schipper, Physicist and Iconoclast, Dies at 64http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/19/science/earth/19schipper.htmlhttp://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2011/08/17/berkeley-lab-energy-efficiency-expert-lee-schipper-dies/

September

'We Need Safe Footpaths‘: Walkability survey results for 6 Indian cities releasedhttp://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/7495

Vietnam sets vehicle emission standards and fuel quality roadmaphttp://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/7530

November

Euro III gasoline in Sri Lanka soonhttp://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article2589138.ece

Car plate sales raise billions for Shanghaihttp://www.shanghaidaily.com/nsp/Metro/2011/11/25/Car%2Bplate%2Bsales%2Braise%2Bbillions%2Bfor%2BShanghai/

Hanoi wants to increase car registration fee by 10 timeshttp://english.vietnamnet.vn/en/society/15731/hanoi-wants-to-increase-car-registration-fee-by-10-times.html

Cost-Effective Actions to Cut Black Carbon, Methane and Ground Level Ozone Spotlighted in New Report

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Most dangerous Metro Manila buses namedhttp://newsinfo.inquirer.net/63357/ltfrb-ranks-%E2%80%98most-dangerous%E2%80%99-bus-companies

WHO releases global compilation of air quality datahttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2011/air_pollution_20110926/en/index.html

October

BEE releases Consultation Paper on Passenger Car Fuel Economy Labeling and Standards FrameworkBEE Consultation Paper: http://220.156.189.23/schemes/documents/s&l/BEE%20Consultation%20Paper-21Oct2011.pdfCSE Response: http://220.156.189.23/schemes/documents/s&l/CONSULTATION/Final%20CSE%20comments.pdf

Ground Level Ozone Spotlighted in New Reporthttp://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/slcf/http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/slcf/Portals/24167/docs/UNEP_Press_release-short_lived_climate_forcers_final.pdf

DecemberCompanies Sign Joint Declaration for Green Freight in Asiahttp://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/7865

National Mobility Card launched in Indiahttp://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Kamal-Nath-launches-National-Common-Mobility-Card/5304800578

WHO: green cars still hurt healthhttp://www.health24.com/news/Enviro_Health_/1-1308,71916.aspREPORT: http://www.who.int/hia/examples/trspt_comms/hge_transport_lowresdurban_30_11_2011.pdf

Durban conference delivers breakthrough in international community's response to climate changehttp://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com/en/news-centre/media-releases/breakthrough-response-to-climate-change-20111211.html

Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Forumhttp://www.cen.org.np/index.php?page=news_detail&nid=263Proceedings Report: http://www.cen.org.np/uploaded/Proceedings_KSUT%20Forum.pdf

Nanjing release PM2.5 data of the past 4 years, Guangdong release data of the past 6 yearshttp://www.njhb.gov.cn/art/2011/12/28/art_36_27407.htmlhttp://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_12/29/11639762_

REFERENCES PHOTO CREDITS

Front cover: Jakarta, Indonesia. Photo by CAI-Asia (2011).Photos can be accessed in the CAI-Asia Flickr Page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cai-asia

Back-cover: Top-view of Manila, by Stella Estremera (May 6 2011).

DisclaimerThe views expressed in this publication are those of CAI-Asia Center staff, consultants and management, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Trustees of the CAI-Asia Center. The CAI-Asia Center does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and does not accept responsibility for consequence of their use.

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©2012 Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center Inc. All rights reserved.

Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia), 2012. “Air Quality, Climate Change and Transport in Asia: 2011 in Review”. Pasig City, Philippines.

www.cleanairinitiative.orgwww.cleanairinitiative.org