AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION (TKA 3301) LECTURE NOTES 2-What is Air Pollution

8/9/2019 AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION (TKA 3301) LECTURE NOTES 2-What is Air Pollution

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Dr. Marzuki Hj. IsmailDr. Marzuki Hj. Ismail

Semester I 2009/10Semester I 2009/10

ENTECHENTECH


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ObjectivesObjectives

Understand air and layers of atmosphere Define pollution air pollution

Types of air pollution

Sources of air pollution

Scales of air pollution


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Mixture of gases is commonly known as air


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Various gasses that surrounds the earthto a depth of 1000km, or about 600 miles

Thin Gaseous envelope


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Earth


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Contamination of any feature of theenvironment'.

Pollution has the following characteristics:1. It is the addition of substance at a faster rate

than the environment can accommodate.

2. Pollutants are not only chemicals, but also formsof energy like heat, sound (noise pollution) andradioactive rays.

3. To be a pollutant, a material has to be

potentially harmful to life.


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any direct or indirect alteration of the physical,thermal, chemical, biological properties of anypart of the environment by discharging, emittingor depositing environmentally hazardous

substances, pollutants, or wastes so as to affectany beneficial use adversely, to cause acondition which is hazardous or potentiallyhazardous to public health, safety, or welfare toanimals, birds, wildlife, fish, or aquatic life or toplants or to cause a contradiction of anycondition, limitation, or restriction to which alicense under this Act is subject.


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Started with wood fires used for heat andcooking

Coal used for fuel; smoke filled the cities

In 13th century, coal smoke had becomea serious nuisance and prompted the firstantipollution law

In 1273, Edward I prohibited the burning

of coal while Parliament was in session


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Combustion sources that burn fuels for heatingand power

Exhaust emissions from vehicles that usegasoline or diesel fuel

Industry, manufacturing, and processing

Residential heating

Waste incineration Miscellaneous (warfare, recreation, etc)


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Ambient air is the air to which the generalpublic has access, i.e. any unconfined portionof the atmosphere.

The 2 basic physical forms of air pollutants

are particulate matter and gases.

Physical Form of AirPhysical Form of Air

PollutantsPollutants


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Primary pollutants - CO, SO2, NOx, HC, VOC, PM

Secondary pollutants - O3, nitrates, sulfates

Criteria pollutants - most common air pollutantsin Malaysia


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Control of secondarypollutants is generally moreproblematic than that ofprimary pollutants, becausemitigation of secondarypollutants requires theidentification of theprecursor compounds andtheir sources as well as anunderstanding of thespecific chemical reactionsthat result in the formation

of the secondary pollutants.


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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Sulfur oxides (Sox) Lead

Ozone (O3)

Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)

Hazardous air pollutants (Air toxics)


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Can be divided into 4 scale/type:

GlobalGlobal Stratospheric O

3depletion

Climate change (G Warming) due to GHG

RegionalRegional Acid rain

Haze

LocalLocal CO, NO

x, SO

x, PM, O

3

IndoorIndoor PM, VOC (Air Toxic), ETS, CO, Biological, CO

2


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3 major sources of air pollution in Malaysia:3 major sources of air pollution in Malaysia: Mobile sourcesMobile sources

Stationary sourcesStationary sources

Open burning sourcesOpen burning sources

Major Sources of Air Pollution

Open Burning

Stationary

Mobile

Mobile Stationary Open Burning


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AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION (TKA 3301) LECTURE NOTES 2-What is Air Pollution

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