AIR POLLUTION RISK & VULNERABILITY TO HEALTH IMPACTS · Air pollution exposure Specific health...
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AIR POLLUTION RISK & VULNERABILITY TO HEALTH IMPACTS: A LOOK AT WEST OAKLAND Muntu Davis, MD, MPH Alameda County Health Officer AB 617 Community Air Protection Program Consultation Group Meeting March 26, 2018 1
Transcript of AIR POLLUTION RISK & VULNERABILITY TO HEALTH IMPACTS · Air pollution exposure Specific health...
AIR POLLUTION RISK & VULNERABILITY TO HEALTH IMPACTS:
A LOOK AT WEST OAKLAND
Muntu Davis, MD, MPHAlameda County Health Officer
AB 617 Community Air Protection ProgramConsultation Group Meeting
March 26, 2018
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Source: OEHHA, CalEnviroScreen 3.0
West Oakland experiences high levels of air pollution from highways, the Port, & industrial facilities close to residents.
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West Oakland has a high burden of asthma emergency department and hospitalizations visits.
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West Oakland has a high burden of asthma emergency department and hospitalizations visits.
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Asthma hospitalization and emergency department visit rates are almost 2 times higher in West Oakland than for the County.
Source: OSHPD ED & PDD, 2013-3Q2015
West Oakland
Oakland Alameda County
19171658
1123
0
500
1000
1500
2000
689 714
3890
500
1000
1500
2000
1048868
555
181 176 105
ASTHMA EMERGENCY VISITS(per 100,000 pop.)
ASTHMA HOSPITALIZATIONS(per 100,000 pop.)
CHILDREN (<5 YEARS OLD) ALL AGES
West Oakland
Oakland Alameda County
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Asthma hospitalizations have gone down in West Oakland, but child asthma emergency department (ED) visit rates went up.
Source: OSHPD ED & PDD, 2013-3Q2015
ASTHMA EMERGENCY VISITS(per 100,000 pop.)
ASTHMA HOSPITALIZATIONS(per 100,000 pop.)
CHILDREN (<5 YEARS OLD) ALL AGES
2009-2011 2013-2015
1796 1917
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1010
689
0
500
1000
1500
2000
12191048
308 181
2009-2011 2013-2015
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Multiple factors can contribute to the declining trend in child asthma hospitalizations.
0
500
1000
1500
WO Zips Oakland Alameda County
Age
-spe
cific
rate
per
100
,000
West Oakland Zip Codes
2002
-200
4
2005
-200
7
2008
-201
0
2011
-201
3
2013
-201
5
Improvements in asthma management Better access to healthcare Built environment improvements Reductions in air pollution emissions
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Cancer 22%Heart Disease 20%Unintentional Injuries 9%Stroke 7%Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease 5%Homicide 3%Diabetes 3%
Cancer, heart disease, stroke and chronic lower respiratory disease are top 5 leading causes of death in West Oakland.
Leading Causes of Deathin West Oakland
Percentageof all deaths
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Those diseases are associated with air pollution, andWest Oakland residents are dying from them at higher rates.
Source: OSHPD ED & PDD, 2013-3Q2015
West Oakland
Oakland Alameda County
CANCER DEATHS(per 100,000 pop.)
STROKE DEATHS(per 100,000 pop.)
West Oakland
Oakland Alameda County
189159
142
0
40
80
120
160
200
179154
121
HEART DISEASE DEATHS
(per 100,000 pop.)
6842 37
0
40
80
120
160
200
4727 28
CHRONIC LOWER LUNG DISEASE
DEATHS(per 100,000 pop.)
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Due to cumulative health risks and impacts, life expectancy in West Oakland is 6.6 years less than in Alameda County.
West OaklandLife Expectancy 75.4
Alameda CountyLife Expectancy 82.0
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RESIDENTIAL SECURITY MAP, ALAMEDA COUNTY, 1937(Created by Federal Home Owners Loan Corporation)
These health inequities did not happen overnight. They have deep roots in historical practices, like Racial Redlining.
INNER HARBOR
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Persistence of Neighborhood Poverty by Census Tract
Impoverished areas see long-standing disinvestment, meaning fewer resources and weaker infrastructure to support health.
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INNER HARBOR
33%
46%
14%
20%
29%
10%13%
15%
8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Source: American Community Survey, 2011-2015
Continued disinvestment in persistent, very high poverty areas continues to be a main barrier to health in West Oakland.
West Oakland
Oakland Alameda County
CHILD POVERTY (<100 FPL), <18 YEARS OLD
POVERTY (<100 FPL), ALL AGES
UNEMPLOYMENT
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1990 2000 2010 2017
Source: Census, 1990-2010; CAPE with data from ESRI, 2017
Race and class demographics are changing in West Oakland,but it remains a predominantly low-income community of color.
Other
Asian/PI
Latino
Black
White
84%
44%
75% Black
92% People of
Color
PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY RACE BY YEAR, WEST OAKLAND (Total Population increased from 24,187 to 28,163)
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Source: Alameda County Vital Statistics, 2012-2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Alameda County Oakland West Oakland
Life Expectancy (Years) at Birth by Place & Race
African Americans are especially exposed to and impacted by cumulative health risks.
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Whi
te
Latin
o
Asi
an
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AB 617 provides opportunities to reduce air pollution emissions and maximize health co-benefits in communities like West Oakland.
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To maximize the health co-benefits of AB 617, consider these health indicators when implementing and identifying strategies.
Air pollution exposure Specific health risks associated with air pollution
Asthma, chronic lower respiratory disease Stroke, heart attacks, cancer
Cumulative health risks and impacts All-cause mortality, life expectancy
Social & economic factors that lead to extreme health vulnerability Persistent & high poverty Race & racism
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Thank you! For questions or more info, please contact us.
Muntu Davis, MD, MPHAlameda County Health Officer
Sandi GálvezDirector, Health Equity, Policy, & Planning
Anna LeeLocal Policy Coordinator, Place Matters
Tammy LeeCommunity Epidemiologist
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