Air Pollution Report

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Air Pollution Report



Air Pollution Report

Name Of the company: Coal India Ltd.Location Of the Mine: Piparwar, Dist.

Chatra, Jharkhand Overview Coal is the world’s most abundant and important source of

primary energy. Reserves of coal are spread worldwide

through out some hundred developed and developing

countries, sufficient to meet global needs for the next 250

years. It is an important fossil fuel for generation of

electricity and for other industrial purposes. Coal mining isnow an essential part of civilization. Traditionally, coal

mining and coal fired power plants are considered to be

the most polluted industry. The following project contains a basic study of the air

pollutants emitted into the air by the coal mines situated

in Piparwar, Jharkhand. It also contains the steps taken by Coal India Ltd to address

these issues.



Location ♦The project is located in North Karanpura coalfields in the

disrict of Chatra in the State of Jharkhand, India.

♦The project is situated in between the latitudes of 23° 42’

38” N & 23° 44’45” N and the longitudes of 85° 03’ 15” E.

♦The project is connected by road from Ranchi, Hazaribagh

and Chatra which are at adistance of approx. 70 km. and 65km. respectively.

♦The nearest Railway station is Ray on Barkakhana –

Daltenganj section of E. Railway.

Capacity Coal (ROM) 6.5 Mt 7.400 Mt Coal (washed) 5.525 Mt 5.525 Mt OBR 3.5 m CU.m 4.1 m CU.m

Grade of Coal Coal (ROM) “F” Coal (Washed) 34% ASH



Air Pollution Caused By the Mine

Air Pollution is mainly due to fugitive emissions of particulate

matter and gases including methane(CH4),sulphur dioxide(SO2) and oxide of nitrogen(Nox).The miningoperations like drilling ,blasting,movement of heavyearthmoving machinery on haul roads,collection,transportand handling of coal,screening,sizing and segregation unitsare the major sources of such emissions.Underground minefire is also a major source of air pollution in some coal fields.

High levels of suspended particulate matter(SPM) increase

respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthmacases in the region around Piparwar while gases emissionscontribute towards global warming besides causing healthhazards .

Methane emission from coal mining depends on the miningmethods,depth of coal mining,coal quality and entrapped gascontent in coal seams.

Impact of Mining on Air Quality Air pollution in coal mines is mainly due to the fugitiveemissions of particulate matter and gases includingmethane, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbonmonooxide. The major operations producing dust are drilling,blasting, hauling, loading, transporting and crushing. Basically, dust sources in mines can be categorized as

primary sources that generate the dust and secondarysources, which disperse the dust and carry it from place toplace called as fugitive dust. Opencast coal mining is moresevere an air pollution problem in comparison tounderground coal mining. In underground coal mining, mensuffer from coal dust inside underground mine workings. But



opencast mining creates much more air quality deteriorationin respect of dust and gaseous pollutants. It creates air pollution problem not only within the mining premises butalso in surrounding residential area affecting abundant air

quality. High levels of suspended particulate matter increaserespiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma

cases while gaseous emissions contribute towards globalwarming besides causing health hazards to the exposedpopulation. The vehicular traffic on haul roads has beenidentified as the most important cause of fugitive dustemissions and can contribute as much as 85% of the dustemitted from an opencast coal mine.

Mitigation: The following measures can be adopted for minimizing the generation of dust in the mining andassociated activities. • Use dust extractors with drills. • The blast design should be optimized for obtaining proper fragmentation and then minimizing the dust generation. • Use suitably designed water sprays at the transfer points tosuppress the dust. • Control and manage the generation of dust on the haulroads, either by suitable spraying or by using appropriatechemicals. • Use air pollution control systems in the washeries andenclosed coal handling plants

• Plan for the development of green belts around the areashaving mining and associated activities. • Plan for the formation of soil stacks and overburden dumps

in such a manner that the contribution of these activitiestowards the concentration of SPM in the ambient air is

minimum.



The following page contains Air Quality Report collected bytwo sampling stations:Tola across Bentinala and BentiVillage for the period 20-01-2011 to 21-01-2011.

CENTRAL MINE PLANNING AND DESIGN

INSTITUTE LTD.

AIR QUALITY REPORT

Name of the Company CCL

Name of the Area Piparwar Name of the Project Ashoka OCP Quarter Ending Mar'2011

Name of the Sampling Station Tola across Bentinala Date of Sampling SPM RPM SO2 NOx

20/01/2011 - 21/01/2011 143 95 10 39

Name of the Sampling Station Benti Village Date of Sampling SPM RPM SO2 NOx 20/01/2011 - 21/01/2011 175 85 < 10 40

SPM: Suspended particulate matter It consists of mist, dust, fumes and smoke. Common chemicals

that constitute SPM are nickel, arsenic and lead. RPM: Respirable particulate matter Particles 10 microns or less in diameter are defined as respirable

particulate matter or “PM 10”



AIR POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

The following are the steps taken by CCL India in Piparwar and other mines to control pollution and its effects:

Water is continuously sprinkled on the haul/transportationroad for dust suppression. Water is not simply dropped onthe roads but in its place it is sprayed into air in a very thinspray with the help of high pressure jet pumps so that notonly the dust is prevented from rising into the air but thedust which is already in the air is suppressed. Two water

tankers of 28000 litres capacity fitted with high and someprivate contractors, tankers are also engaged in this work.

Permanent water sprinkling arrangement have beenprovided at the sidings.

Permanent water sprinkling arrangement at all the transfer points of the belt conveyors.

Permanent water sprinkling at till the crushing stations. Regular grading and compaction of the roadways.

Thick plantation barrier around mining area and roadways. Proper maintenance of dust suppression/collection device

of drilling equipments. Planned blasting to keep minimum dust creation. Biological reclamation of the spoil heaps. Plantation Details

Year No. of Plants Till 1990 25000

1991-92 40000

1992-93 93000

1993-94 242000

1994-95 250000



1995-96 3450 00

1997-98 314565

1996-97 305000 1998-99 191530

Total 18,06,095

Reclamation The Piparwar mine has been planned with the provision of reclamation of the decoaled area. The reject coal from theCPP which doesn’t have any market at present; and theOBR excluding top soil and sub soil is used for filling thedecoaled area of the mine. Effort is made to put the CPP

reject always at the bottom except in cases of emergency.The heap is levelled and over this a layer of subsoil [about2.0 m thick] is laid; and finally it is topped with the topsoil[about 2.0 m thick]. The whole operation is carried outkeeping in mind the view to create a good landscape. After allowing this filling to settle down for a period of about twoyears, it is handed over to the forest department for afforestation. Till now 108 hectares of reclaimed land has

been afforested. It has been planned that in no case morethan 50 hectares. of decoaled area will remain unreclaimed.



Acknowledgements Mr. C S Azad, Chief Engineer, Electrical and

Mechanical Department, Central Coal Fields Ltd,

Ranchi MINENVIS- Newsletter on the Envis Nodal Centre, By Indian

School Of Mines, Dhanbad

Air Pollution Report

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