Air Pollution by Vehicle

8/13/2019 Air Pollution by Vehicle

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Air Pollution by SugarFactory.

SECOND YEAR (MECHANICAL)

ATS S

SBGI’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MIRAJ.

TILAK NAGAR, WANLESSWADI. MIRAJ. 416 410

(2010- 2011) SUBMITTED BY

SARVESH S VERNEKAR .PRATIK P PHALLE

PROJECT GUIDE N.P.KULKARNI.



SYNOPSIS1) Na ! "# $%! &$'(! $* +

SAR ES- S. ERNEKAR . PRATIK P. P-ALLE

) Na ! "# $%! / a&&* -

SECOND YEAR MEC-ANICAL )

2) Na ! "# $%! /" !3!*+

ATS’S, OLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

MIRAJ. TILAK NAGAR, WANLESSWADI, MIRAJ*+416410

4) Na ! "# $%! /"' &!*+

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

5) Na ! "# $%! 3' (!*+

Mrs. N.P.KULKARNI.

6) T $ ! "# $%! 7 "8!/$*+

Air P !!"#i $ %& S"' r *# r&.

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that

SAR ES- S. ERNEKAR . PRATIK P. P-ALLE

Have successfully completed the project entitled,

Air Pollution by Sugarfactory.

In fulfillment for the requirement of

SECOND YEAR +MECHANICAL-ENGINEERING

H.O.D PROJECT GUIDE PRINCIPAL

Mr.V.T.PATIL. Mrs.N.P.KULKARNI. Mr.N.K.PATIL.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project report “ NEW TEC-NI9UESFOR BETTER EN IRONMENT: in Sangli region isreported by us to get objectives of officers to completeaccurate and error free work within time. It is partialfulfillment for award of achelor of !ngineering.

"e would like to take this opportunitythanks.

"e e#press our sincere thanks to$rs.%ulkarni of environmental studies for supportingto complete this project work in time.

"e would also like to thank our all friendsand teachers& who help and support us for our project.

D #P! * $I'().

Mr. S/ANAND OSHI.Mr. PRA HAT SO ANI.

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DECLARATION

Sir ,

We, the undersigned, hereby declare that the projectentitled &+AIR POLLUTION Y SUGAR 3ACTORY

is written and submitted by us to ,

ATSs OLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,MIRAJ.

+uring the year 2,-, 2,-- for the subject + EN IRONMENTAL

SCIENCE under the guidance of MrS. N .P. KULKARNI.

The empirical findings in this project are based on the data collected by us only. This project is not copied from any other sources.

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Mr. .T.PATIL. MrS. N.P.KULKARNI. Mr.N.K.PATIL.

CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

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Pollution is the addition to the ecosystem something which has detrimental

effect on it. One of the most important causes of pollution is the high rate of

energy usage by modern, growing population. Environmental degradation is the

severe & growing problem faced by the modern humanity today the world over.

Through there has been gradual increase in the awareness about the causes&

impact of environment decline on human life in developed countries, such

awareness & resultant action are grossly lacking in the developed countries. One

of most important issues of global concern today is environmental degradation

&the term is commonly used in the media & most of the public discussions. Any

debate related to environment is incomplete without addressing pollution,

especially with reference to industrial development.

Pollution is defined as any undesirable change in the physical chemical &

biological characteristics of natural water, air or soil, which can adversely affect

the life or can, create potential health ha!ard to any living organism or can cause

damage non"living things, material or property.# $n simple word any, direct or

indirect alteration in any of the components in the environment which is harmful

to man or any other living organism or living organism or industrial process or

property is referred as pollution.

The pollution can categori!e depending upon origin & cause of pollutant asnatural pollution & man made pollution. The other category includes the pollution

is caused by discharge of unhealthy materials due to man made activities.

Pollution is generally grouped in to four categories, depending upon nature of

pollutants affecting components or media of the environment, as pollution of air,

water & soil.

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Air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that,

insufficient concentrations, endanger human health or producer other measured

effects on living matter and other materials. Among the ma%or sources of pollution

are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes,and especially transportation. The si ma%or types of pollutants are carbon

mono ide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen o ide, particulates, sulfur o ide, and

photochemical o idants.

Though normally the sources of air pollution are man made at there could

be natural sources as well. The ma%or sources of man made air pollution is gasses

& particulates related from burning of fossils fuel like coal, petrol, diesel, kerosene

used in the domestic & industrial activities. They include vehicle e haust,

agricultural activities, mining, energy generation etc. released from automobile due

to in complete combustion of fossil fuel.

Effect of air pollution are far reaching & relatively long lasting. These effects

can be broadly grouped in to four categories i.e.

'( )lobal effect,

*( Effects on human being,

+( Effects on plants

( Effects on non"living things.

The global effect includes global climate change, stratospheric o!one depletion,

global warming. Photochemical smog & acid rains also affect on large areas &

transboundry region.

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EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

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8an affect the cardio vascular

system& e#acter bating cardiovascular

disease symptoms& particularly

angina@ may also particularly affect

fetuses& sickle cell anemic and young

children. 8an affect the centralnervous system& impairing physical

coordination& vision and judgment&

creating nausea and headaches&

reducing worker productivity and

increasing personal discomfort.

Ni#r ' $ ;i5 s

(NO<)

itrogen dio#ide A 62B can affect

the respiratory system. itrogen

mono#ide A 6B and nitrogen dio#ide

A 62B& where they play a part in

photochemical some formation& may

contribute indirectly to increased

susceptibility to infections&

pulmonary disease& impairment of

lung function and eye& nose and

thread irritations.

6 and 62 can contribute

significantly to acid deposition

damaging aCuatic eco systems

and other eco systems such as

forests 6# can also have a

fertiliDing effect on forests.

S"!78"r

;i5 s (SO2)

Sulphur dio#ide AS62B can affect

lung function.

Sulphur o#ides can contribute

significantly to acid deposition

impairing aCuatic and forest

ecosystems. Sulphates can

affect the perception of the

environment by reducing

visibility even at low

concentrations.

P r#i*"! # 9 ## r

(SPM $5 RPM)

:ine particulate matter may be

to#ic in itself or may carry to#ic

Aincluding carcinogenicB trace

substance& and can alter the immune

system. :ine particulate can penetrate

deep into the respiratory system

irritating lung tissue and causinglong term disorders.

:ine particulate can

significantly reduce visibility.

1igh dust and soot levels are

associated with a general

perception of dirtiness of the

environment.-,

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P" '$ " %a<a (& a ( %' a %!a $% The ma%or pollutants emitted by motor vehicles include -O, O , sulphur

o ides, /0O(, 1-, lead /Pb( and suspended particulate matter /0P2(. These

pollutants have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. The humanhealth effects of air pollution vary in the degree of severity, covering a range of

minor effects to serious illness, as well as premature death in certain cases. 2ost

of the conventional air pollutants are believed to directly affect the respiratory and

cardio"vascular systems. $n particular, high levels of 0O* and 0P2 are

associated with increased mortality, morbidity and impaired pulmonary function,

3ead prevents hemoglobin synthesis in red blood cells in bone marrow, impairs

liver and kidney function and causes neurological damage.

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$nternal combustion engines need a mi ture of air and fuel to burn and

produce energy to move the vehicle. $t is these burnt gases which come out of

the e haust have the potential to cause pollution. $n petrol engines the gases

comprise of a mi ture of unburnt hydrocarbons /1-(, -arbon 2ono ide /-O(,O ides of itrogen / O (.

$t is a combination of these gases that which result in automobile pollution

when they are in e cess 4uantity. 5ithin a certain range they are acceptable but

when the engine is not tuned properly or a vehicle uses obsolete technology or

the 4uality of fuel is not good then all these result in a higher level of emission of

all the gases .

$f the air fuel mi ture ratio is not correct then it increases the chances of

pollution as it leads to inefficient. Also it leads to reduced power and fuel

wastage, which in turn means less efficient performance of the engine along with

lower fuel economy.

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All motor vehicles release pollutants into the air " mostly through the e haust

fumes that come out of the tailpipe when the engine operates. And it6s not %ust

the 6bombs6 leaving a trail of black smoke that are responsible. Often it6s newer

cars too " 77. 8 of all pollutant gases are invisible. 9our car also releases

emissions even when it6s standing still, as fumes from petrol and lubricants

evaporate into the air.

Pollutants produced by vehicle e hausts include: carbon mono ide,

hydrocarbons, nitrogen o ides, particles, volatile organic compounds and sulfur

dio ide. At high levels these chemicals add to smog and affect human health.

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@espite this, current air 4uality is relatively good " but that doesn6t mean it will

remain that way in the future.

0outh"East >ueensland6s population is predicted to increase to three million

over the ne t ' years. $f car use continues to rise, researchers predict we will

double the number of vehicle kilometers traveled over the same period. That6s an

awful lot of traffic congestion and air pollution to look forward to.

;eleasing some emissions /and causing some air pollution( is an unavoidable

by"product of using a motor vehicle. But there are simple steps you can take to

make sure your vehicle6s emission levels are as low as possible.

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Service your car re u!ar!ykeeping your car in tune reduces air pollution. The only ways you will

know if your car is releasing pollutants into the air is to have an emissions

check when you have your car serviced.

According to the Cederal Office of ;oad 0afety6s /CO;0( ational $n"0ervice

Dehicle Emissions 0tudy, if all vehicles were tuned correctly there would be up

to:

' 8 less tailpipe hydrocarbon emissionsF

* 8 less tailpipe carbon mono ide emissionsF and

78 less o ides of nitrogen emissions.

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-learly, through keeping your car regularly tuned you are ensuring that you

don6t needlessly pollute the air. 9ou are also helping your car to run more

smoothly and reducing your running costs, saving you money. ;egular tuning

also reduces the likelihood of your car breaking down or developing ma%or

mechanical faults which will save you money in the long"term. To show you %ust

how much money you can possibly save by keeping your car in tune, see the

Money Saver Meter .

All vehicles should be tuned at least twice a year, but you should always take

notice of how your vehicle is running. 3isten for unusual engine noises likemisfiring and check oil and fluid levels. 5arning lights on your dashboard are a

good indication if something is wrong.

;efer to your car6s manual for the manufacturer6s recommended service

schedules. 0mall changes make a world of difference to ensuring clean air.

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http://www.transport.qld.gov.au/qt/irtpsign.nsf/index/ac_fuelcalc

http://www.transport.qld.gov.au/qt/irtpsign.nsf/index/ac_fuelcalc



S$!7& $" /%!/ 7" '$ " * +$n an effort to check automobile pollution in this country, the

)overnment of $ndia has made mandatory the use of unleaded petrol for the

petrol fuelled engine.

But as an owner and user of automobile, we must all do our bit to not only

control and reduce pollution but also get the best out of our vehicle.

Ma $! a /! T 7& $" %! 7 "' !('/! 7" '$ " *+

'. -hange engine oil at manufacturer recommended intervals or if the vehicle

has been lying unused for a long period.

*. 5hile changing lubricant, make sure you use the recommended brand and

more importantly, the grade of oil e ample, =05 '=. ever use the wrong

grade of oil.

+. $f it is a carbureted vehicle, clean and tune the carburetors and ad%ust the

speed every +=== kms.

. -heck and ad%ust tappet clearance.

. $nspect spark"plug clearance, clean and ad%ust gap. ;eplace plugs if

necessary.

. -heck the ignition timing and set as per the manufacturer recommendation.

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<. -heck tyre pressure regularly because low tyre pressure causes drag

which increases fuel consumption.

H. $f the vehicle has been parked unused for a long time, have the engine

tuned and the engine oil replaced.

S 9 5 =s $5 5 $’#s

/'( Avoid unnecessary revving or idling of the engine, it not only increasesyour fuel consumption but also increases pollution.

/*( 0witch off the engine at red"lights, or where you are likely to stop for

more than two minutes.

/+( Try and drive around the speeds of =" = kmph in top gear.

/ ( 0peeding increases fuel consumption and this in turn increases

pollution.

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CONCLUSION -

(fter doing survey on this project we conclude that air pollution which

is done by automobile is very dangerous .So an emergency step should be

Sr.no

DepartmentTwo-!ee"er

Fo#r-!ee"er

$%&y&"e

1. AUTOMOBILE

DEPT.

STAFF 1> 0> 02

STUDENTS 1? 00 0@

2. MECHANICAL

DEPT.

STAFF 2> 0 0>

STUDENTS 2? 00 1@

3. CIVIL DEPT.

STAFF 0> 12 0BSTUDENTS 2B 00 11

4. ETC DEPT.

STAFF 0 0 02

STUDENTS 0@ 00 0B

5. COMPUTER

SCIENCE DEPT.

STAFF 11 01 02

STUDENTS 1 00 0

2-

2-



taken to minimiDed or to reduced this pollution by implementing various

norms& use of alternative fuel which creates less pollution & modification in

automobiles in engines and systems.

Similarly& a common man should also take some measure to keep their

vehicle as a non polluting vehicle

S' ;! /" / '& " *+

"e student of our automobile engineering have

done one survey regarding the vehicle entering into our college campus

which is brought in college campus area by our regular students and staff

members. (ccording to our survey number of two wheelers is -5* and no of

four wheelers are 3-comming per day.

If number of vehicles in our college campus

is ->5 coming per day& this means that our college atmosphere is not

pollution free atmosphere

So friends this is the time to get unite together

to reduce pollution from our campus area by taking some steps in our

college campus which are given below/ on vehicle day once in a week.

7se of as much bicycle as we can.

0ehicle entering in the college campus should be 78 check

( good e#ample is ITS ' B a I &$ $'$! "# T!/% " "3 )PILLANI @ RA ISTHAN which is having -,,E pollution free atmospheredue to the reason that& in that college no vehicles are allowed. <ou can onlydrive bicycles . S" ?! /a / !a$! 7" '$ " # !! /a 7'& = $a 3 $%!a=";! ! $ " !( &$!7&.

REFRENCES - www.google.com.

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http://www.google.com/

http://www.google.com/



Environment science – by ShivajiUniversity

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Air Pollution by Vehicle

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