Air pollution and public health in California
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Transcript of Air pollution and public health in California
Air Pollution and Public Health
in California
Wendy Ring MD, MPH
Agenda
California's air quality problemHealth effectsVulnerable populationsCalifornia research studiesLocal air quality issuesFuture trendsActions
Selma, CA
Real time Air Advisory Network App
State of the Air 2016
(American Lung Association, 2016)
654321
CALIFORNIA'S MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS
TOXICBlack CarbonDiesel ParticulatesDioxinsAromatic Hydrocarbons
CRITERIAParticulatesOzoneNitrogen Oxides
MAJOR SOURCES
Motor vehiclesWood stovesWildfiresDustPower plantsOil Wells and refineriesAsia
HEALTH EFFECTS
Well established
Premature death
CVD
Asthma/COPD exacerbations
Impaired lung development
Cancer
Prematurity
Low Birth Weight
Significant morbidity and mortality
Statewide 7,000 CA CVD deaths/year (CARB, 2015)
10,000 hospital/ER visits and $60 million/year (Romley, 2010)
LA County1 in 10 deaths (EPA, 2015)
27,000 cases of childhood asthma (CARB)
11% of ER visits and 20% of hospitalizations for ped asthma (Brandt, 2014)
SUSPECTED HEALTH EFFECTS (evidence accumulating)
Neurotoxicity– Cognitive
• Alzheimers• Child Development
– Behavioral• ADD• Autism
Endocrine Disruption– Diabetes– Obesity
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Study DesignCohortCross Sectional Community
Measured Exposurepersonal air monitoringcommunity air monitoring
Markers for exposure:PAH adductsproximity to known source
USC Children's Health Study
STUDY FINDINGS
Exposure to air pollution increases:New onset asthma
Bronchitis symptoms
School absences from respiratory infections
Proportion of non asthmatics with subnormal lung development
Percent of cohort with reduced FEV1 decreasing over time
(Guaderman, 2015)
Children's Health and Air Pollution Study
StanfordUCSF FresnoUC Berkeley
Epigenetic effect of pollutants
Effect of PAH exposure on major mediator of T cell regulation
(Nadeau, 2010)
Fresno vs Palo Alto
(Nadeau, 2010)
(McConnell, 2014)
Near road pollution exposure and BMI at age 18
(Jarrett, 2010)
Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health
Highest quintile of prenatal PAH exposure doubled risk of obesity at age 7
(Rundle, 2012)
Biomonitoring California PAH
(CDPH, OEHHA, 2016)
USC Child Obesity Research CenterStudy of Latino Adolescents at Risk of Type 2
Diabetes (SOLAR) study
Cohort of overweight and obese Latino teens
At age 18, interval exposure to PM2.5 and NOx linked to:
Increased BMI
Decreased insulin sensitivity
Decreased beta cell function
(Goran, 2017)
DIFFERENTIAL VULNERABILITY
DemographicFetusesChildrenElderlyWomenLow incomePeople of color
Health Status
Cardiovascular diseaseChronic lung diseaseDiabetes
(Ferrar, 2016)
Proximity
Topography
MARINE INVERSION
Wind DirectionEast Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study
(Kim, 2008)
Environmental JusticeCal Enviro Screen
(OEHA, 2015)
Local Air Quality Issues
Wildfire pm2.5
Wildfire contribution to ozone
Biomass from wood waste
TONS EMITTED PER YEAR
Local Biomass PGE natural gas
CO 2808 8NOx 472 15PM 2.5 95 1
EPA permitted emission rates (in lb/ MMBtu)
Local Biomass Coal (past decade) NOx 0.15 - 0.26 .088
CO 0.50 - 4.0 .144
PM 0.02 - 0.04 .017
(EPA and NCUAQMD)
TransPacific pollutant transport
TransPacific pollutant transport
(Hadley, 2007)
Ozone
(Zhang, 2008)
Serpentine soil and asbestos
(USGS, 2015)
Future Trends
But recent uptick due to climate change(Gauderman, 2015)
Air quality has improved dramatically
Temperature related increases in OZONE
(Fann, 2014)
Cal Adapt projected increase in burned area
Frequency of large fires has nearly doubled
Fire season is 2 months longer
Cal-adapt.org
Recommendations
Appreciate.
Anticipate.
Advocate.
HOW TO GET INVOLVED
Health Professionals for Clean AirDoctors for Climate Health [email protected] Climate 911 www.climate911.org
PSR www.psr.org