Global Environmental Issues

AIR POLLUTION DUE TO

TRANSPORTATION

Prepared June 2004 Slide 3

Purpose of this material

The environment encompasses the whole of life on

earth and the complex interactions that link the living

world with the physical world. In a general sense, this

covers everything contained within the air, land and

water. Sudden and dramatic natural changes to the

environment have occurred, and continue to occur,

which have the potential to upset the whole balance of

the Earth's ecosystem. Significant environmental issues

cause impacts throughout the world. This presentation

aims to inform people on the global, regional and local

environmental issues that relate directly to Vietnam.

-The presence in the air of substances which pose a potential threat to human health and/or the environment.

-The presence of particles in the air which decrease visibility. -The INDIAN EPA estimates that 50 percent of the INDIAN population is exposed to air pollutants exceeding current federal standards.

WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION?

Prepared MARCH 8 2008 Slide 5

EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

• Global Warming

• Ozone Layer Depletion

• Acid Rain

• Deforestation

• Loss of Biodiversity

Impacts of Air Pollution at Different Scales

Indoor

Urban

Regional

Global

Health impacts of air pollution

Scale of health impacts

Indoor air pollution

Urban air pollution

Regional air pollution

Health Costs of Air Pollution

Asia1

• An estimated 487,000

premature deaths occur each

year due to outdoor air

pollution.

INDIA

• Environmental and health

costs of air pollution in INDIA is

about 7 % of GDP [budget

deficit in 2003 = 3.3% of GDP]5

• Estimates shows that these

costs could rise to 13% of

China’s GDP by 2020

INDIA

• Health cost of air pollution

• $640 million

• $800 million by 2020

0

50

100

150

200

Mumbai Metro Manila Jakarta Kathmandu

Valley

US

$ m

illi

on

s (

p.a

.)

Mortality

Morbidity

Economic Implications of Health Impacts4

Source: 1. WHO(2002); 2. State of the World 2003, World Watch Institute; 4. URBAIR project; 5. UN, 2004; 6: NIES, www.nies.go.jp

Exposed to diesel exhaust6

Exposed to clean air6

INDIA

Why: Particle Pollution

• Microscopic particles in the air

• Also called particulate matter, PM, fine particles or haze

• Creates atmospheric haze

• Comes from vehicle exhaust, fires, industrial and agricultural processes

• Can be breathed deep into the lungs and causes significant health threats…

The doctor says particle pollution…

• Aggravates lung disease including asthma.

• Aggravates heart disease

including congestive heart

failure.

• Resulting in:

– More premature deaths

– More admissions to hospitals

– More trips to emergency rooms

– More visits to doctors’ offices

– More school and work absences

– More symptom days

So Who’s at Risk?

• People with heart or lung

disease.

(including asthma) – Conditions make them vulnerable

• Older adults – Greater prevalence of heart and

lung disease.

• Children – More likely to be active

– Breathe more air per pound

– Bodies still developing

3

Wheele

rs

5.01%

MUV

4.45%

Trucks

2.03%

Bus

1.64%

LCV

1.06%

Cars

12.50%

Taxi

0.41%

2Wheel

ers

72.91%

Category wise vehicle distribution

As on 31st March 2007

2 Wheelers 33.42

C ars 34.29

T axi 7.69

B us 1.98

T rucks 7.89

3 Wheelers 17.11

M UV 13.84

LC V 18.62

THE SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

ACTION PLAN

4 Wheeler registration with Bharat Stage II compliant only (COT)

Introduction of Ethanol blend petrol and low sulfur MS(Petrol)/HSD

(Oil Cos.)

Phasing out of AMTS buses(AMC)

342 (last 4 years) and 226 (2003-04)

Surprise checking and cancellation of license of defaulting PUC centers

(FCCA,COT)

Ban on heavy vehicles within AMC area (Home)

Heavy vehicles diversion - AUDA Ring Road (Home/AUDA)

Ban on diesel driven rickshaws within the city (Home)

Sale of 2T oil (Pre mix) (FC & CA & Oil Cos.)

Registration of Free Sale kerosene vendors (FC & CA)

Restriction on sale of kerosene - vicinity of petrol pumps (FC & CA)

Changes In Vehicle Systems

Hybrid

Fuel Cell

Battery-

Electric

Implementation of transportation and distribution network for CNG (GSPC, E&P

Dept./AMC/AUDA/GAEL)

Pipeline for Natural Gas supply in industrial area is going to be commissioned (GAEL)

City gate Gas station & 3 CNG station are ready for Commissioning (GAEL)

LPG outlets

Working 5 (IOC, BPC, HPC)

Planned 4 (IOC)

AAQ Monitoring Station (AMC & GIDC,GPCB)

16 Planned by December 2004

07 Working

Door to Door collection of garbage (AMC, AUDA)

Ban on burning of biomass in open by AMC - planning bio composting (AMC, AUDA)

REMEDIAL MEASURES

• Augmentation of public transport in the city

– Submission of time bound program for augmenting commuters need to

40%

• Vehicle inspection program for city fleet

– 10 PUC stations, with 4-gas analyzer (for Euro II) vehicles, smoke tests

for diesel vehicles and lambda tests by 31-12-2004

• Industrial Air Pollution

– GPCB to submit a plan to EPCA for switch over to natural gas by highly

polluting industries, by 31-12-2004,

WHERE DO WE GO.. .. .. ?

Conclusion

• Responsibility to improve environmental conditions lies upon all of us as individuals

• Concentrate on preventing environmental degradation before it starts

• Alternatives ARE feasible and Can be Used