AIR & NATURAL VENTILATION - GHDonline...2009/08/07 · TARIQ ALEXANDER QAISER, TAQ ASSOCIATES,...

TALK ON TBIC AT HSPH, BY TARIQ ALEXANDER QAISER

INDUS HEALTHCARE DESIGN RESOURCE,INDUS HOSPITAL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN [email protected]

AUG. 2009

HEALTHCARE DESIGN RESOURCE INDUS HOSPITAL, KARACHI PAKISTAN

TARIQ ALEXANDER QAISERTAQ ASSOCIATES. ARCHITECTURE & INTERIOR DESIGN

KARACHI - PAKISTAN

AIR &AIR &NATURAL VENTILATIONNATURAL VENTILATION

AUG. 2009

TBIC, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PARAMETERSTHE INDUS HEALTHCARE DESIGN RESOURCE, KARACHI, PAKISTAN

THE DOW UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, KARACHITHE DOW UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, KARACHITHE OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHITHE OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHI

Built around 1930Built around 1930



AUG. 2009


6 BED CHEST WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHI6 BED CHEST WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930


THE OUTDOOR CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHITHE OUTDOOR CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930



AUG. 2009


THE OUTDOOR CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHITHE OUTDOOR CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930


4 BED MDR TB WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHI4 BED MDR TB WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930



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THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHITHE CENTRAL CORRIDOR AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930

VERANDAH CORRIDOR



CENTRAL DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR

WARD SIZE22’ x 24’528 sqft










AUG. 2009

VERANDAH CORRIDOR



CENTRAL DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDOR






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6 BED CHEST WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHI6 BED CHEST WARD AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930


TOILETS AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHITOILETS AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930Built around 1930



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MDR TB WARDSMDR TB WARDS


ISOLATION HUTS AT OJHA HOSPITAL KARACHIBuilt around 1930




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DONDON’’T ENCLOSE VERANDAST ENCLOSE VERANDASKEEP WINDOWS OPEN KEEP WINDOWS OPEN ––

& OPEN ABLE& OPEN ABLE

AN ISOLATION HUT BEING CONVERTED TO A DOCTORS CLINICAN ISOLATION HUT BEING CONVERTED TO A DOCTORS CLINIC



AUG. 2009


DONDON’’T ENCLOSE VERANDAST ENCLOSE VERANDASKEEP WINDOWS OPEN KEEP WINDOWS OPEN ––

& OPEN ABLE& OPEN ABLE

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

AIR &THEBASICS OF NATURAL VENTILATION




AUG. 2009

BASICS OF NATURAL VENTILATIONBASICS OF NATURAL VENTILATION

Dilution of air is paramount in controlling airborne infections, through natural

ventilation

REDUCE CONCENTRATION OF INFECTIOUS AIR BORNE

PARTICLESProvide a Maximum no of Air ChangesMinimum 12 AIR CHANGES per hour

WIND CATCHER


CLEAN AIR IN DIRTY AIR CLEAN AIR IN DIRTY AIR OUT OUT LEAVE WINDOWS OPEN !!

Possible in Warmer Temperate Climates Effective in Areas of Consistent Wind

WIND STACK

CROSS VENTILATION

NATURAL VENTILATION, IN A BUILDINGNATURAL VENTILATION, IN A BUILDING

THE QUAD DIRECTIONAL WIND STACKWind passes through openings on opposing surfaces. Sunlight heats the air through the glass block.Hot air rises and passes out of the operable windows in the stack




AUG. 2009

NATURAL VENTILATION, IN A BUILDINGNATURAL VENTILATION, IN A BUILDINGTHE QUAD DIRECTIONAL WIND CATCHERWind is deflected down towards lower spaces. This design allows wind from all directions to be brought into the building.


THE QUAD DIRECTIONAL WIND CATCHERWind is deflected down towards lower spaces. This design allows wind from all directions to be brought into the building.


NATURAL VENTILATION, IN A SCHOOLNATURAL VENTILATION, IN A SCHOOL



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NATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TBNATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TB--OPD AT INDUSOPD AT INDUS


SUCTION STACKAllow air to flow through the top of stackThis creates a negative pressure at the

neck. Air is sucked up and out.

NATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TBNATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TB--OPD AT INDUSOPD AT INDUSMETAL SHEET HEATED BY SUNLIGHT


CONVECTION STACKAllow the sun to heat air in the upper

levels of the stack. This creates a negative pressure at the neck. The hot air rises and lower level air is sucked up and

out.



AUG. 2009

NATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TBNATURAL VENTILATION IN THE NEW TB--OPD AT INDUSOPD AT INDUS


PREVALENT SUMMER BREEZE

CROSS VENTILATIONAllow air to flow through the space.

Keeping inlet openings smaller than outlet openings creates greater breeze velocity. And greater air

mixing.SUCTION VENTILATION

Allow natural breeze to flow over volumes and surfaces to create negative pressure points. This

creates suction, pulling air out.

NATURAL VENTILATIONASSISTED




AUG. 2009

WIND CATCHER

WIND STACK

WIND EXTRACTOR

FORCED VENTILATION

FANS & NATURAL VENTILATION

DIRECTIONAL AIRFLOW IN A CORRIDOR

USE FANS TO: Mix air, Push air into spaces,Suck air out of spaces,Move air in a desired direction


THE RECEPTION COUNTERTHE RECEPTION COUNTER&&

SPUTUM BOOTHSPUTUM BOOTH




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THE HOSPITAL RECEPTION COUNTERTHE HOSPITAL RECEPTION COUNTERKEEP THE RECEPTION AREA AIRY(IF POSSIBLE IN A COURTYARD)

PROTECT RECEPTIONIST WITH A PROTECTIVE GLASS (COUGH GUARD)MOVE AIR FROM RECEPTIONIST TO PATIENT

BRING FRESH AIR IN THROUGH A FRESH AIR DUCTREMEMBER CLEAN AIR IN CONTAMINATED AIR OUT


+POSITIVEPRESSURE

FRESH AIR DUCT

THE SPUTUM COLLECTION BOOTHTHE SPUTUM COLLECTION BOOTHKEEP THE BOOTH IN AN AIRY SPACE

(If possible in a courtyard)KEEP IT AWAY FROM WAITING AREAS, AND PEOPLE PATHS

.

.REMEMBER CLEAN AIR IN CONTAMINATED AIR OUT




AUG. 2009

THE SPUTUM COLLECTION BOOTHTHE SPUTUM COLLECTION BOOTH


KEEP THE BOOTH IN AN AIRY SPACE(If possible in a courtyard)

KEEP IT AWAY FROM WAITING AREAS, AND PEOPLE PATHS..

REMEMBER CLEAN AIR IN CONTAMINATED AIR OUT

IF INSIDE THE HOSPITAL, ENCLOSE THE BOOTH IN AN AIR TIGHT ENCLOSURE AND:

EXTRACT AIR OUT THROUGH A SUCTION DUCT

BRING FRESH AIR IN THROUGH A FRESH AIR DUCT

PROVIDE HAND WASH SPACES

THE WAITING AREATHE WAITING AREA




AUG. 2009

THE INDUS HOSPITAL RESOURCE CENTER FOR HEALTH CARE FACILITIESTARIQ ALEXANDER QAISER, TAQ ASSOCIATES, ARCHITECTURE & INTERIOR DESIGN

IN SIMILAR ROOMS OF INCREASING PATIENT DENSITY A SINGLE INFECTIOUS PATIENT CAN INFECT

A DISPROPORTIONATELYGREATER NUMBER

A B C

WAITING AREAS & CROSS INFECTIONWAITING AREAS & CROSS INFECTION

THE SAME WAITING ROOM IF WELL VENTILATED

CAN RESULT IN FEWERCROSS INFECTIONS



WAITING AREAS & CROSS INFECTIONWAITING AREAS & CROSS INFECTION



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THE CORRIDORTHE CORRIDOR


CORRIDORSCORRIDORS



DESIGN SINGLE LOADED CORRIDORS WITH ONE SIDE OPEN ,

(If possible as a verandah)

KEEP SEATING OUT OF CORRIDORS(Create separate seating areas)

LET THE CORRIDOR BREATHE ( Allow fresh air to flow in)

KEEP CORRIDORS THE MAXIMUM WIDTH POSSIBLE(8 ft wide min required)

PROVIDE A UNIDIRECTIONAL AIR FLOWUSE AIR EXTRACTION DUCTS IN LONG CORRIDORS

(TO PULL AIR OUT)

KEEP THE CORRIDORS WELL VENTILATED – DON’T OVERCROWD SPACES



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DESIGN SINGLE LOADED CORRIDORS WITH ONE SIDE OPEN,(if possible as a verandah)

Allow air to flow out through a wind stack, or in through a wind catcher.Design a directional air flow.

CORRIDORSCORRIDORS


DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDORS SHOULD HAVE OPENINGS,Allow air to flow in and out through windows or openings.

Design a directional air flow.Keep waiting spaces out of corridors

CORRIDORSCORRIDORS



PossibleSpace

for waiting

area



AUG. 2009

LONG DOUBLE LOADED CORRIDORS SHOULD HAVE AN AIR EXTRACTION DUCT,

Allow air to flow into and out through the air duct., Design a directional air flow.

CORRIDORSCORRIDORS



CORRIDORS, CLINICS, NATURALLY VENTILATEDCORRIDORS, CLINICS, NATURALLY VENTILATED



CLUSTER CLINICS AROUND WELL VENTILATED WAITING AREASBRING IN CLEAN AIR INTO CLINICS FROM OUTSIDE THROUGH AIR CORRIDOR /DUCT

Ample spaced seating in outdoor

courtyard or well ventilated hall or atriumMIN 1212 AIR

CHANGES PER HOUR

++



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THE CLINICTHE CLINIC


+ IVE PRESSURE

Bring fresh air in through a window, fan or fresh air duct

Force the air to flow from HCW towards patient & out

Provide hand wash stations



CLINIC CLINIC –– NATURAL VENTILATIONNATURAL VENTILATION

Fresh air duct& orwindow



AUG. 2009

+ IVE PRESSURE

Bring fresh air in through a window, fan or fresh air duct

Force the air to flow from HCW towards patient & out

Provide hand wash stations

Use Upper Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Lamps to irradiate

clinic. Place lamps as per manuf. & engineers

recommendation.

Use fans to move air through UV irradiation



CLINIC CLINIC –– NATURAL VENTILATIONNATURAL VENTILATIONULTRA VIOLET C IRRADIATIONULTRA VIOLET C IRRADIATION

Fresh air duct& or window

+ IVE PRESSURE

•Design airflow from HCW to Patient, or parallel to both

•Provide the return air grill at waist level or below. Create a

laminar air flow



CLINIC CLINIC –– MECHANICALLY VENTILATEDMECHANICALLY VENTILATEDPROVIDE 12 AIR CHANGES PER HOUR

USE HEPA FILTERS WITH AIR CONDITIONING UNITS

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+ IVE PRESSURE

•UVGI Lamps can reduce the no of air changes that the air-

conditioning system has to provide.

•Have your Engineer design a min of 12 APPARENT AIR

CHANGES PER HOUR



CLINIC CLINIC –– MECHANICALLY VENTILATEDMECHANICALLY VENTILATEDULTRA VIOLET IRRADIATIONULTRA VIOLET IRRADIATION

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INFECTIOUSINFECTIOUSDESEASESDESEASES




AUG. 2009

Thank youThank youTARIQ ALEXANDER QAISER, TAQ ASSOCIATES PVT.(LTD)‐ ARCHITECTURE & INTERIOR DESIGNADD: 7G, BLOCK 6 PECHS, KARACHI , PAKISTAN ‐ 0092‐21‐454150 [email protected].

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