Air and Space Functions >. If you are an AIRMAN then you believe that airpower, if used in certain...
-
Upload
linette-porter -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Air and Space Functions >. If you are an AIRMAN then you believe that airpower, if used in certain...
Air and Space Functions< < L18 > >
If you are an AIRMAN then you believe
that airpower, if used in certain ways,
will achieve victory more quickly
than if used in other ways.
2
Levels of Air & Space Doctrine Functions of Air & Space Power
Strategic Attack Counterair Counterspace Counterland Countersea Information Operations Combat Support Command and Control
Functions of Air & Space Power Airlift Air Refueling Spacelift Special Operations Surveillance and Reconnaissance Intelligence Combat Search and Rescue
Overview
3
Levels of Air & Space Doctrine Basic Operational Tactical
Levels of Air & Space Doctrine
4
Basic Doctrine (AFDD 1) Most fundamental and enduring beliefs that guide proper use of air &
space forces NOT a checklist or scientific formula
Operational Doctrine (AFDD 2) More detailed organization of air & space forces
Tactical Doctrine Most detailed Codified in AFTTP 3-series (Air Force Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures)
3 Levels of Doctrine
5
“…strategic attack…generating effects that most directly achieve our national security objectives by affecting the adversary’s leadership, conflict sustaining resources and strategy.”
Points where: the enemy is most vulnerable an attack will have the best chance of being decisive
Strategic Attack
6
Possible strategic attack targets National leadership Command & Control (C2) War production facilities Infrastructure
Striking enemy in the core Bring enemy to their knees
Stop enemy’s will to fight
Strategic Attack
7
“... attain and maintain...air superiority by
the destruction, degradation or disruption of enemy forces”
Counterair
8
Offensive Counterair (OCA) Take the fight to the enemy Engage over or near their territory
Defensive Counterair (DCA) Enemy brings the fight to you Engage over or near our territory* * DCA has not been very effective, historically…
Counterair
9
Traditional ground war: defense >>> offense
Air war: offense > defense
Ability to mass quickly and decisively
+ Speed prevents effective enemy defensive response
+ Range (Air can strike at enemy’s core)
= SURPRISE
Impact of Counterair
10
Aircraft Aircrews Airbases and launch facilities Warning and control facilities Surface based air defense
Potential Counterair Targets
11
Counterair Targets(Airbases or Launch Facilities)
Airbases or Launch Facilities
If the aircraft can’t be flown, they’re not a threat…
they’re a static display Very efficient way to destroy aircraft
Lower threat on the ground 1967 Arab/Israeli war…85% Hickam Field (7 Dec 41)
Can also attack logistics POL, munitions, runways air traffic control tower, etc
12
AIRCRAFT Traditional role most people think about
Using aircraft to hunt down other aircraft on the ground to destroy them before they launch
Air-to-Air Combat (Dog fighting) Good opportunity to destroy both crews and airframes Can be extremely dangerous for aircrews and air frames
Counterair Targets(Aircraft)
13
AIRCREWS You need someone to fly the plane! Cost & time to train a pilot are very significant Attack in the air Attack on the ground
Counterair Targets(Aircrews)
14
If the aircraft can’t be flown, they’re not a threat Very efficient way to destroy aircraft (on the ground) Can attack logistics
POL, munitions, etc
Counterair Targets (Airbases or Launch Facilities)
15
Effectively eliminate the enemy’s ability to think, communicate, or gather intelligence Render enemy deaf, dumb, and blind...
Information Warfare Disrupt enemy information capabilities Enemy incapable of mounting coordinated defense effort
Counterair Targets(Warning And Control Facilities)
16
SURFACE BASED AIR DEFENSES Surface to air missiles (SAMs) Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) Extremely lethal to aircraft
Counterair Targets(Surface Based Air Defenses)
17
“... kinetic and non-kinetic operations conducted to attain and maintain...
space superiority by the destruction, degradation or disruption of enemy
space capability”
Counterspace
18
Offensive Counterspace (OCS) Deny, degrade, disrupt, destroy or deceive an adversary’s space capability. Destroy or neutralize enemy’s space systems or information they provide.
Defensive Counterspace (DCS) Active & passive actions which protect our space-related capabilities from
enemy attack or interference.
Counterspace
19
Offensive Counterspace Deception Disruption Denial Degradation Destruction
Counterspace
20
Defensive Counterspace Active & passive actions which protect our space-related capabilities from
enemy attack or interference
Counterspace
21
“air and space operations against enemy land force capabilities to create effects
that achieve JFC objectives.”
Counterland
22
Interdiction Close Air Support (CAS)
Counterland
23
“Divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces.”
Two types of targets for interdiction attacks: Military weapon systems (tanks/artillery/infantry) Military supplies (POL)
Counterland(Interdiction)
24
One of airpower’s most flexible and powerful uses Strike at enemy forces w/o having to fight them Disrupts enemy’s offensive operations Very powerful force enhancer
Counterland(Interdiction)
25
Air operations against hostile targets in close proximity to friendly forces…
Occurs on or near battlefield
Counterland(CAS)
26
“...extensions of Air Force functions into a maritime environment”
Objective: Gain control of the medium Support naval forces
Can include: Surveillance, antiship warfare, protect sealines, aerial mine laying
Countersea(Collateral Function)
27
Actions taken to influence, affect, or defend information, systems, and/or decision-making to create effects across the battlespace
Focus: countering the enemy’s ability to attain an information advantage
Information Operations
28
Types of Operations Influence Electronic warfare Network combat
Information Operations
29
Influence operations employ capabilities to affect behaviors, protect operations, communicate
commander’s intent, and project accurate information to achieve desired effects across the cognitive battlespace.
Electronic warfare operations are those military actions involving the use of electromagnetic and
directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy across the electromagnetic battlespace.
Network combat operations are the integrated planning and employment of military capabilities to
achieve desired effects across the digital battlespace. Network combat operations are conducted in the information domain, which is composed of hardware, software, data, and human components.
Information Operations
30
“…essential capabilities, functions, activities and tasks necessary to create and sustain air and space forces.”
Includes: Procurement, maintenance, distribution, and replacement of personnel
and material
Combat Support
31
“…exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over
assigned and attached forces…”
Command & Control (C2)
32
C2 includes the battlespace management process of planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces & operations Accomplished across the entire range of military operations
Command & Control (C2)
33
The transportation of personnel and material through the air and can be applied across the entire range of military operations to achieve or support national objectives.
Airlift
34
It’s critical in the support of overall national policy and objectives and a vital component of the US defense policy
because of the ability to deliver essentially anything needed for a battle. Our airlift capabilities are second to none!
Airlift
35
Four delivery concepts Airland delivery Airdrop Hub and Spoke operations Direct delivery operations
Airlift
36
Air refueling is the in-flight transfer of fuel between tanker and receiver aircraft
Air Refueling
37
Expands commander’s employment options by increasing Range Payload Loiter time Flexibility
By increasing range it is a force enabler By increasing payload it is a force multiplier
Air Refueling
38
Delivers satellites, payloads, and material to or through space.
4 Purposes of Spacelift Deploy space systems Sustain existing space systems Augment existing space systems Service and maintain existing/new space systems
Two Approaches Launch-on-schedule Launch-on-demand
Spacelift
39
The use of special airpower operations to conduct unconventional warfare, direct action, special reconnaissance, counterterrorism, foreign internal defense, psychological operations, and counter proliferation
Special Operations Employment
40
Accomplish tasks at all 3 levels of war Low-visibility, covert, clandestine ops
Usually conducted in enemy-controlled or politically sensitive territories
Used as means to control escalation Conventional force use may be undesirable
Can operate independently from theater commander forces Require careful coordination!
Special Ops Employment
41
The function of systematically observing air, space, surface/subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural electronic, photographic or other means
Surveillance
42
A continuing process! Not oriented toward a specific target
Air- & space-based surveillance assets exploit elevation Detects enemy initiatives at long range
Surveillance
43
…obtaining specific information about the activities and resources of an enemy through visual observation or other detection methods; or by securing data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area.
Reconnaissance
44
Surveillance & Reconnaissance must operate together to ensure proper Intelligence!
Reconnaissance
45
…product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas.
Intelligence
46
The overall objective of intelligence is to provide battlespace awareness to commanders and combat forces to enable them to successfully plan, operate, and assess results across the range of military operations.
Provides: Indications of enemy intentions Guides decisions on how, when, & where to engage enemy
Gives commanders: Best estimate of enemy capabilities COGs Courses of action
Intelligence
47
…a specific task performed by rescue forces to recover isolated personnel during war or military operations short of war.
Combat Search & Rescue
48
Key element in sustaining morale, cohesion, and war-fighting capability of friendly forces Denies enemy potential intel sources Preserves combat resources
Combat Search & Rescue
49
Levels of Air & Space Doctrine Functions of Air & Space Power
Strategic Attack Counterair Counterspace Counterland Countersea Information Operations Combat Support Command & Control (C2)
Functions of Air & Space Power Airlift Air Refueling Spacelift Special Operations Employment Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Combat Search & Rescue
Summary
50
QUESTIONS ? ? ?
51
Prepare for Lesson # 19 Air & Space System Capabilities
Homework
52