Aims: Examine the reasons why the working and living conditions of agricultural workers were poor in...
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![Page 1: Aims: Examine the reasons why the working and living conditions of agricultural workers were poor in the nineteenth century (1800s).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e4d5503460f94b43574/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Aims:
Examine the reasons why the working and living conditions of agricultural workers were poor in the nineteenth century (1800s).
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Living accommodationwas very poor
High Rents for houses
‘Tied houses’ Lost job = Lose house
No unions to representworkers
Long workinghours
Working outdoorsin all types of weather
PhysicallyDemanding
work
Poor Workingand LivingConditions
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• Accommodation for farmers was very basic.
• Only locally available material could be used in their construction e.g.
stone, clay or turf.
• Most houses only had one room.
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• Shielings were small buildings located up on the hills away from the main community.
• In the summer months the cattle would be moved up the hill to the higher pastures for better grazing.
• It was generally the women and children of the community who would spend the Summer at the Shieling. The men would stay behind and tend to the fields.
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• The remnants of a Shieling in Scotland.
• Note that it was built beside a burn to give the inhabitants access to water.
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• By the 1800s many Highlanders lived in Blackhouses.
• These houses had a thatched roof and were made from locally available materials.
• A fire was continually lit in the blackhouse although there was no chimney to allow the smoke out.
• Animals shared this accommodation and were kept in byre area at one end of the house.
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A Blackhouse
A Blackhouse had a double wall with turf in between.
The roof was a wooden frame that was then overlapped with heather and then thatch.
An old fishing net of twine would be attached to large stones to secure the roof.
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Inside a Blackhouse
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Other Highland Housing
• Farmers with large areas of land lived in two storey homes with slate roofs
• Wealthier landowners had huge dwellings (homes), often like smaller versions of castles with several rooms and servants.