Aim: Why did Bolivar believe that the Latin American

revolutions were failures?

“Those who serve the revolution plow

the sea.”

Haiti: An Early Example of Imperialism

1. Colonialists destroy indigenous culture and society

2. Colonialists create a new social structure: a few European elites a larger number of native (Haitian) elitesa huge number of oppressed

Different class interests, even after revolution (whose revolution is it?)

Haiti: An Early Example of Imperialism

3. Colonialists create a new economic system (plantation agriculture) based on oppression

4. Colonialists educate only a handful of native elites

5. Pressure from the West continues even after the revolution

Should you change the system after the revolution?

Who should rule after the revolution?

Based on your class (and caste) position, which ideals of the enlightenment inspire you most?

Based on your class (and caste) position, draw up a list of revolutionary demands

Enlightened Despotism• Progress• Rationality• Logic• Organization• Planning

Revolution• Natural Rights• Equality• Consent of the

Governed• Rights• Liberty

Territorial division of

Spanish colonies, 1797

The Back Story: Nationalism and development

What made US and French nationalism possible, while Latin American nationalism lagged?

What made nationalism and economic development difficult

in Latin America?

What made NATIONALISM and economic development difficult in Latin

America? • Geographic separateness; Each area’s

culture and economy were different

• Each area’s elites (creoles) wanted to rule (big fish/little pond)

• No common ideology or interests among Creoles, Mestizos, Africans, Indians

What made nationalism and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

difficult in Latin America? • The rise of caudillos - local plantation and

ranch owners and aristocrats - who control political power

• Want to export their agricultural goods and import cheap manufactured goods – compare with North/South conflict in United States

Civil War Division of States

AgriculturalSlavery

INDUSTRIALFREE LABOR

AgriculturalSlavery

INDUSTRIALFREE LABOR

HIGH TARIFFS TO PROTECT AMERICAN INDUSTRY

LOW TARIFFS FOR CHEAP

MANUFACTURED GOODS

What made nationalism and economic

development difficult in Latin America? • The rise of caudillos - local plantation and

ranch owners and aristocrats - who control political power

• Want to export their agricultural goods and import cheap manufactured goods – compare with North/South conflict in United States

• Latin nations remain reliant on European, American industrial goods

Latin America: An Early Example of Imperialism

1. Colonialists destroy indigenous culture and society

2. Colonialists create a new social structure: a few European elites a larger number of native (Creole) elitesa huge number of oppressed

Different class interests, even after revolution (whose revolution is it?)

Latin America: An Early Example of Imperialism

3. Colonialists create a new economic system (plantation agriculture) based on oppression

4. Colonialists educate only a handful of native elites

5. Interference from the West continues even after the revolution

Should you change the system after the revolution?

Who should rule after the revolution?