Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework...
-
Upload
christina-gibson -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework...
![Page 1: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aim: What trends can be Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the observed by studying the periodic table?periodic table?• Homework Reminder: Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read
pages 174 - 182 Answer page 182 (18, 19, 20)
• Do Now: Do Now: • 1) As you read down a group, what happens to the 1) As you read down a group, what happens to the
atomic radius, ionization energy and electronegativityatomic radius, ionization energy and electronegativity• 2) As you read across a period, what happens to the 2) As you read across a period, what happens to the
atomic radius, ionization energy, and atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity?electronegativity?
• 3) What value helps you determine how well an atom 3) What value helps you determine how well an atom can attract electrons?can attract electrons?
• 4) What value is a measure of the energy needed to 4) What value is a measure of the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom?remove an electron from an atom?
![Page 2: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends
![Page 3: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition: Half of the distance between nuclei in covalently bonded diatomic molecule Radius decreases across a period
Increased effective nuclear charge due to decreased shielding
Radius increases down a group Each row on the periodic table adds a “shell” or energy level to the atom
Radius decreases across a period Increased effective nuclear charge due to decreased shielding
Radius increases down a group Each row on the periodic table adds a “shell” or energy level to the atom
Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius (size of the (size of the atom)atom)
![Page 4: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Table of Table of Atomic Atomic
RadiiRadii
![Page 5: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Period Trend:Period Trend:Atomic Atomic RadiusRadius
![Page 6: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Tends to increase across a period As radius decreases across a period, the electron you are removing is closer to the nucleus and harder to remove
Tends to decrease down a group Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and easier to remove
Tends to increase across a period As radius decreases across a period, the electron you are removing is closer to the nucleus and harder to remove
Tends to decrease down a group Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and easier to remove
Ionization Ionization EnergyEnergy
Definition: the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
![Page 7: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Periodic Trend:Periodic Trend:Ionization Ionization
EnergyEnergy
![Page 8: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ElectronegativiElectronegativityty
Definition: A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
o Electronegativity tends to increase across a period
o As radius decreases, electrons get closer to the bonding atom’s nucleus
o Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group or remain the same
o As radius increases, electrons are farther from the bonding atom’s nucleus and shielded by inner shells.
o Electronegativity tends to increase across a period
o As radius decreases, electrons get closer to the bonding atom’s nucleus
o Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group or remain the same
o As radius increases, electrons are farther from the bonding atom’s nucleus and shielded by inner shells.
![Page 9: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElectronegativitiesElectronegativities
![Page 10: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Periodic Periodic Trend:Trend:
ElectronegativiElectronegativityty
![Page 11: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Summary of Summary of Periodic TrendsPeriodic Trends
![Page 12: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ionic RadiiIonic Radii -size of an ion -size of an ion
Cations Cations + ions+ ions
Positively charged ions (cations) are formed when an atom of a metal loses one or more electrons. Smaller than the corresponding atom.
AnionsAnions- ions- ions
Negatively charged ions (anions) are formed when nonmetallic atoms gain one or more electrons. Larger than the corresponding atom.
![Page 13: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Table Table of Ion of Ion SizesSizes
![Page 14: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Comparison of Atomic and Comparison of Atomic and Ionic RadiiIonic Radii
Element (Halogens)
Atomic Radius (nm)
Negative Ionic Radius (nm)
F 0.064 0.136
Cl 0.099 0.181
Br 0.1142 0.196
I 0.1333 0.216
Element (Alkali) Atomic Radius (nm)
Positive Ionic Radius (nm)
Li 0.123 0.068
Na 0.157 0.095
K 0.2025 0.113
Rb 0.216 0.148
Cs 0.235 0.169
![Page 15: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Aim: What trends can be observed by studying the periodic table? Homework Reminder:Homework Reminder: Due Wed., Nov. 19, 2014 Read pages 174 - 182 Answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfd11a28abf838cab112/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)