Aim: What is matter?

MatterIncludes solids, liquids and gases

Ex.: basketball, juice, airHas mass and volume

Mass: amount of matter in an objectUnits- grams (g), kilograms (kg)Objects with more mass have more

weight

Volume: amount of space an object takes upUnits-Cubic cm, cubic inchesTwo ways to find volume: (solid)

V= L x W x HWater displacement method

•Liquid:•Use a graduated cylinder•Meniscus-bottom level of the curved line

•Solids:•Two Methods:

1. V=L x W x H• Used for regularly shaped objects

2. Water Displacement Method• Used for irregularly shaped objects• Object placed in water and the water rises• The amount of the water goes up equals the

volume of the solid

WB Pg 229 # 1-3

1. Any solid, liquid, or gas is _______________.

2. The amount of matter in a object is called ________.

3. The amount of space taken up by an object is called its _______________.

Aim: How do we find the mass of an object?

Triple Beam Balance:Measures the mass of an object in

gramsHas three beams

OnesTensHundreds

Balance needs to be at zeroPointer needs to be even with zeroWe use counter weight to adjust the scale

Place object on the pan

Move the 100 grams beam first to see if the object needs more weightIf the pointer stays up the object is more weightNeed to move the 10 beam, the ones beam

If the pointer stays down the object is less weightNeed to return the 100 beam to zero and move the tens beam, then ones beam

LETS PRACTICE!

Aim: What is density?

Density:The amount of mass in a certain volume of material

Formula: D=M V

Unit=g/cm3The less dense object floatsThe more dense object sinksIf the density of the object has the same

density of the water, it “hovers” in place

WB Pg 229 # 4-54. The amount of mass in a given

amount of space is the __________ of an object.

5. Liquids will form layers in order of density-the _______ dense liquids floats on the more dense, if the two liquids do not mix together.

Examples:1. Mass= 40 g Volume=10cm3

2. Mass= 25g Volume= 5cm3

3. Mass= 63 gVolume= 9cm3

Aim: What are physical properties?

Physical PropertiesProperties are things we can observe with our senses

Not changing the identity of the substance

Odor, hardness, color, shineDensity can be used to tell substances apart

Ability to conduct electricityMagnetismStates of matter (solid, liquid or gas)

Size and shape

WB Pg 229 # 6-96. Properties such as color and odor are

__________ properties.7. Physical properties can be observed

without changing the ________ of the substance.

8. Something that has a definite shape and volume is called a(n) ______________.

9. Something that keeps the same volume but fills the shape of its container is called a(n) ______.

Aim: What is a physical change?

Physical ChangesA change in size, shape or state without forming a new substance

Different substances change state at different temperaturesMelting Point- solid to a liquidBoiling Point- liquid to a gas

WB Pg 229 # 10-1410. Any change that does not produce a new

substance is a __________.11. The temperature at which a substance

changes from a solid to a liquid is called the ________________.

12. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is called the ______________.

13. The particles of a substance will move faster if ________ is added to them.

14. When the particles of a substance move about faster, they spread out, causing the substance to ___________.

Aim: What are the types of mixtures?

MixturesAny combination of two or more substances in which the substances keep their own properties

5 Types of Mixtures:1. Suspensions

Parts separate upon standing Need to shake well before using Example: oil and water

2. Emulsion:Is a suspension of two liquids that do not mix together

3. Colloids:Contain particles or droplets that stay mixed in another substance

Example: fog-fine water droplets in air

Liquid-in-gas colloid

4. Solutions:mixture of one substance dissolved in another so that the properties are the same throughout

All parts have the same properties (color, odor, taste)

Soluble- can be dissolvedSolute- substance that becomes dissolved

Solvent- part that dissolves a substance

Example:Tea: solute=tea particles

solvent=waterSolutions can contain any combination of solids, liquids and gases

5. Alloys:Solutions of one or more metals and other solids

Made by heating, melting and mixing the parts together

The solution then cools and hardens

Examples:Gold jewelryFancy silverware Pennies

Aim: How are elements and atoms related?

ElementsPure substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances

All matter is made up of elementsCan be solids, liquids or gasesMixed physically

Ex: oxygen and nitrogen in the airMixed chemically

Ex: salt (sodium and chlorine)

AtomsElements are made up of atomsSmallest particle of an elementEach element is made up atoms that

have its own special propertiesAtoms in one element are different

than the atoms in another elementAtoms have the same chemical

properties of that element

WB Pg 235 #1-61. All matter in the world is made of ______________.2. Elements can be chemically combined to form

__________ like salt and sugar.3. The smallest particle of an element that has the

same chemical properties as the element is an _________.

4. For centuries, scientists have been trying to find out what is inside ___________.

5. The idea that tiny __________ make up matter came from the Greek philosopher Democritus.

6. John Dalton concluded that gases were made up of solid particles with _________ spaces between them.

Aim: What are electrons, protons and neutrons?

All atoms have a nucleus (densest part)Rest of the atom is empty spaceNucleus contains 2 parts:

1. Protons-positive charge2. Neutrons-no charge or neutral

We can find the atomic mass of an atom by adding the # of protons and neutrons

Electrons move around the nucleus Negative charge

WB Pg 235 # 7-107. The densest part of an atom is the ________

where most of the atom’s mass is located.8. A positively charged particle inside an atom’s

nucleus is a(n) ____________.9. A particle with no charge inside an atom’s

nucleus is a(n) _________________.10. A negatively charged particle that moves

around an atom’s nucleus is a(n) __________.

Aim: How does the periodic table help identify properties of elements?

Periodic TableCreated by Dmitry Mendeleyev in 1868Discovered a repetitive pattern

amongst elements propertiesLeft blanks in table to continue the

patternNew elements were discovered to fill

these blanks112 elements known todayArranged in order of increasing atomic

number

Vertical columns contain elements that are chemically alike

Each row called a periodAlso grouped into metals,

nonmetals, metalloidsElements are also identified as solid,

liquid or gas

Metals¾ of elements are metalsConduct electricity

NonmetalsPoor conductors of heat and electricityMost nonmetals are gases or solids at

room temperatureBromine-is a liquidSolids-brittle, not bendable

MetalloidsProperties fall in between those of metals and nonmetals

Make computer chips and circuitsExamples: boron, silicon

Chemical ChangesProduce substances that have new and

different properties from the original substance

Signs of chemical change:Change in colorHeat and light given offPowdery solid settles out of a liquidGas is produced

Compounds:Chemical combination of 2 or more

substancesHave its own properties different from

the original substancesExample: rust or iron oxide

Iron and oxygen have combined to form a new substance

Is crumbly brownish solid, with no shineIron is a durable solid, does not

crumble, but when mixed with oxygen its properties change

Chemical BondsLinks that atoms can form with another

atomResult from electrical attraction

between the atomsAtoms of different elements bond

togetherChemical formula represents the bondsA certain # of one kind of atom always

bonds to a certain # of anotherEx: CO2

One carbon atom, two oxygen atoms

Homework:Tell how many atoms of each element there are in each chemical bond.

1.Water-H2O 2.Salt-NaCl3.Glucose-C6H1206

4.Methane-CH4

5.Sulfate-S04

Covalent Bonds Ionic BondsForm when 2

nuclei attract the same electrons

Type of chemical bond

Two atoms share electrons

Examples:H2O

O2

An atom of a nonmetal can take an electron from an atom of a metal

When this happens we get an ion

Form because opposite charges attract

Examples:NaCl

Chemical ReactionsA substance is turning into a new

substance because of a chemical changeOriginal substance-reactantNew substance-products3 types:

1. Synthesis reaction: 2 separate elements or compounds

join together to form a new compound

Ex: rusting of steel wool Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O)=Fe2O3

2. Decomposition reaction:Breaking down of a complex substance

into 2 simpler substancesEx: H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) CO2 +

H20

3. Replacement reaction:Elements switch or replace another

elementEx: 2AgCl + Pb PbCl2 + 2Ag

Silver Chloride + Lead Lead Chloride + Silver

Chemical property-way of describing a substance by how it reacts to other substances

1st column of the periodic table has very reactive metals

The last column has the most stable elements (noble gases)

Acids BasesProperties:

Sour tasteCorrosive-wear

away metalCan burn skin

Indicator-litmus paperBlue turns to

red

Properties:Bitter taste, slippery

feel, poisonous, many can burn skin

Can dissolve hair, wool, grease and fingernails

Used to clean drainsHelp digest foodMild bases-soap,

shampooEx: ammonia (powerful)Red litmus turns blue

Exothermic reactionsChemical reactions that give off heat

Not all produce a flame

Endothermic reactionschemical reaction that needs to take in heat/energy in order to occur

Once heat/energy is removed, the reaction will stop