Aim: What changes took place as a result of the new age factory system?

Title: The Factory System

Do Now: 1. Reviewing last night’s homework. I need a few

volunteers to read aloud their written analysis.

2. In connection to the homework, did anyone have questions &/or comments? How about the PPT? Did you review it?

Today’s focus:

We will thoroughly examine how industrialization changed people’s lifestyles, living and working conditions.

Industrialization = ?

Objective I

Review Ch. 22.2 in the hopes of completing the following chart.

Working conditions middle class working class women’s lives

“How Machines Affected Work” and “Lives of Factory Workers” p.552

“Development of the Middle Class” p.553

“Lives of Factory Workers,” p.552

“Effect of Industrialization on Women’s Lives,” p.554

Working conditions middle class working class women’s lives

• In the hopes of finding work & better life for themselves & family, many moved to where the new industrial jobs were located – cities/urban areas.

• Poor, cramped, dirty – deplorable/hazardous working conditions.

• Worked very long hours – 14 - 16 hours or more per day.

• Very dangerous – limited safety measures/precautionary devices.

• Lived a very good lifestyle.

• While they were not rich, [many/not ALL] lived a “comfortable” life.

• Benefited greatly from the growth of industries and cities.

• Better paying jobs, greater economic status, social influence, and political power.

• These were the bourgeoisie

• Many were well- educated – wore suit & tie.

• Many started & owned businesses.

• Uneducated or undereducated

• Most children did not attend school – no laws/regulations requiring them to.

• Helped supplement the family’s limited income.

• Lived in tenements = poor/run down living conditions.

• Women found new kinds of work – working in textile mills or factories = new industrial jobs. Why? Did not required skilled workers – as a result, both women & children as young as 5 were welcomed in factories as workers = $$ grand savings for the business owners. Did not have to hire men/skill workers

• Many still worked as traditional domestic workers.

Changes the Way of Life

• Inspires immigration

• Creates a new social class

Urbanization

Unfair labor practicesChild/Cheap labor

Working conditions

are bad

Living conditions are bad

England 1701 & 1911- population shift due to I.R.

Agricultural Revolution

Increased food

production

Lower food prices

People ate more

More healthy

babies were born

Population skyrocketed

Social Changes:Population Increases

• 1750 – 144,000,000• 1900 – 325,000,000Europe

• 1750 - 11,000,000• 1900 - 30,000,000England

• Many people immigrated to industrialized countries• Numerous nationalities to the United States• Irish to Manchester and Liverpool in England

• Population growth in industrialized nations required growing even more food

Social Changes: Development and Growth of Cities

Paris• 18th century -

600,000 people• Circa 1900 – over

2,714,000 in the Paris urban area

• Circa 2000 – over 11,000,000 in the Paris urban area

London• 18th century –

500,000 people• Circa 1900 – over

6,200,000 in the London urban area

• Circa 2000 - over 7,100,000 in the London urban area

• Rural-to-urban migrants – people who left the countryside to live in cities• A sign of an industrialized nation is that a large proportion of the population lives and works in urban areas

Social Change: Development and Growth of CitiesCase Studies: Liverpool and Manchester

Liverpool• 1800 – population under 100,000• 1850 – population over 300,000

(part of the increase due to Irish fleeing the potato famine)

• 1900 – population over 700,000• Major British port city which grew

during the Industrial Revolution• Population peaked in the 1930s

and has been declining ever since due to the decline in manufacturing and imperialism

Manchester• 1800 – population circa 328,000• 1850 – population circa 1,037,000• 1900 – population circa 2,357,000• Nicknamed “Cottonopolis” in the

mid-to-late 19th century because of its textile factories

• Began to decline after the Industrial Revolution but has stabilized due to new industries and greater business diversification

• Upper Class Rich land owners - Old Money

• Upper Middle Class Entrepreneurs – New Money

________________________________• Lower Middle Class

Skilled workers & shop owners

• Lower Class Factory workers, peasants, unskilled workers

New Social Classes

Urbanization

Urbanization

Industrialization• Effects of Industrialization– GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES• Factories for efficient production• Urbanization: rapid movement to cities

– POOR LIVING CONDITIONS• Small cities became too big too fast• Poor sanitary conditions• Insufficient housing, education, security• Air and water pollution

Living Conditions: Tenements

Slums of Urbanization

Industrialization• Effects of Industrialization (cont.)

– POOR WORKING CONDITIONS• 14 hour days, 6 days/week, poor pay• Workers had to keep up with machines• Child Labor

Child Labor

Poor Working Conditions

Writing Exercise: Write a brief persuasive speech [not an analysis – a speech] to be given to the British Parliament in which you argue for human rights for the working class, with supporting reasons. Students may use topics of: a. child labor, b. unsafe working conditions c. wages and hours d. and living conditions.

Students must use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation in their speech.

Homework# 09 (02/08/13; due: 02/11/13):

1.Read 22.32. Complete Section 3 Review (p.558), questions 1 through 4

Independently - Please review slides 24 – 30 for further details surrounding I.R.

Effects of I.R.~ Good and BadNegatives included:• Life Span- In the mid 1800’s, life expectancy for adult males had

reached an average of 40 years.– However, for working class people in urban settings that life span was only

17 years.• This was due to the horrific conditions children were

subjected too in the early stages of the Ind. Rev. See pg. 262 in text.

• Pollution- Cities simply outgrew their infrastructure. – Lacked both sufficient housing and adequate sewage systems. – Also, no environmental protections, thus factories discharged anything and

everything without safeguards.

Impact of the Industrial RevolutionSocial Change-

In addition to a mass population shift to the cities (urbanization), there was also a shift in the distribution of wealth.-The IR helped to create a new middle class- skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers.- It also created a down trodden and impoverished working class.- New social classes emerged.

Effects of I.R.~ Good and Bad• Positive effects included:

– Overall, all Industrialized Nations prospered, despite early growing pains. (Poor work and living conditions).

– Industrialized Nations experienced rises in Population, wealth, and health.

– A large middle class also developed, giving more people opportunities for education, democratic participation (voting), and social reform.

In conclusion….• Was the Industrial Revolution good or bad, more positive or

negative?

• Think about the Industrial Revolution as a whole as we watch the following video clip? Consider what was good or bad about the IR.

• Mr. Blake's graduate school thesis presentation

* Complete packet page 8 in the packet.~be prepared to review in large group~homework will be checked at this time

* Art gallery/ editorial activity. Explained on next slide.

Social Changes: Improved Status and Earning Power of Women

Initially, factory owners hired women and children because they worked for lower wagesThis brought many women, otherwise impoverished, to cities

to work in factoriesGovernments limited the work of children and, at times, of

women Women gained economic power and independence

Before industrialization, it was almost impossible for a woman to remain single and live on her own

Factories and urban centers attracted women in large numbersWomen fought for and eventually gained political rights

Social Changes: Problems• Monotony of assembly lines and

factory life• Loss of craftsmanship in manufactured

goods• War became more deadly as weapons

became more technologically advanced and were mass produced

• Economic insecurity – workers relied entirely on their jobs for sustenance

Social Changes: Science and Research Stimulated

• Scientific and technological discoveries became profitable instead of simply beneficial

• Companies and governments were willing to invest in research and development

• Patent law– Came into its modern form under England’s

Queen Anne (reigned 1702-1714)– Inventors have the exclusive right to produce

their new inventions for a period of time