AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on the world? Or alternatively: is it possible...
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Transcript of AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on the world? Or alternatively: is it possible...
AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too
many maps?
What are Belief Systems?
• What is a Belief System, a Religion, and an Organized religion?
Belief System
Belief System
Religion
The Venn diagram is part of the clue.
Belief System
ReligionOrganized Religion
(Some of Planet Earth’s) Belief Systems
• Animism
• Judaism• Christianity• Islam• Hinduism• Buddhism• Taoism• Confucianism
• Zoroastrianism• Jainism• Sikhism• Shinto• Deism• Atheism• Agnosticism
Who believes in them?• What percentage of the world is Christian?
• What percentage of the world is Muslim?
• What percentage of the world is Jewish?
• What percentage of the world is Hindu?
• What percentage of the world is Buddhist?
• What percentage of the world is Atheist?Basic question regarding
belief systems that should have been covered in AP
World History
Questions• Where do most Muslims live?
• What is the most populous Islamic country?
• Where is the Islamic hearth located?
• What is the most populous Christian country?
• What continents are the most Christian, in terms of total percentage of the population?
• What continent is the least Christian?
Hearth?
• Where is the Christian hearth located?
• Where is the Catholic hearth located?
• What is the difference between a Catholic and a Christian?
• Where is the Jewish hearth located?
• How about Hinduism?
• Sikhism?
• Taoism?
• Where is the Buddhist hearth?
Questions
What is a(n)
hearth?
• What religions are most popular amongst Sub-Saharan Africans?
• Where is the animist hearth located?
• BTW…
• Christianity : Judaism as Buddhism : ?
• Constantine : Christianity as ? : Buddhism
Questions
AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too
many maps?
Animism• Not necessarily anything to do with
animals; rather refers to a life force, spirit within various objects e.g.: the land, a tree etc.; think animation – animism.
• Not an organized religion but rather the human attempt to make sense of the universe… possibly a primordial connection with the “spirit world.”
• Location: Most animists live in Sub-Saharan Africa but also in very rural South America and Asia. Used to be wide spread throughout the world.
• Tenets: Varies but in Southern Africa:• Single God / supreme being. • Belief in “Spirit World”: spirits coexist with
the living and can be contacted. Some spirits evil, some good, some powerful etc.
• Ancestral veneration: deep respect for one’s ancestors; may pray to them for help etc.
• Thus use of a shaman / witchdoctor etc.
What is the one part of the world were a large population of animists reside?
Judaism Christianity Islam
Location Middle East, Israel, USA, former USSR
Jerusalem
Middle East, Europe, N America, S America, rest of world
Jerusalem
Middle East, Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Iran, Turkey, Egypt
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
Impact
Tenets
Judaism Christianity Islam
Location
Impact Dietary & Clothing laws based on religious interpretation E.g.: Kosher
Christian Calendar (s)
Laws based on Christian interpretation
Dietary & Clothing laws based on religious interpretation E.g.: Halal
Art & architecture etc.
Tenets
Judaism Christianity Islam
Location
Impact
Tenets Monotheism
G – d
→Moses
Torah + Talmud
Monotheism
God,
Jesus
Bible = Torah (Old Testament) & New Testament
Monotheism
Allah
Mohammed
Koran + Hadith
Judaism Christianity Islam
Location
Impact
Tenets Ten Commandments
Golden Rule Five Pillars:
1) Shadah
2) Salat
3) Zakat
4) Ramadan
5) Haj
Jihad
Judaism Christianity Islam
Location
Impact
Some of the
various sects / divisions etc.
Hasidim
Orthodox
Conservative
Reformed
Reconstructionist
Several thousand.
RCC
Orthodox
> 2000 Protestant sects
Mormons
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Israelites
Etc.
Sunnis
Shi’itesSuffis
Wahhabis
Kahrijites
Ismaelis
Zaidis
Fatimids
Nizari (Assassins)
Alawis
Druze
Bahai
Etc.
The point behind this is to show that there only a few sects of Judaism, numerous sects of
Islam, especially Shia Islam, and thousands of Christian sects!
1
There are various theories regarding the origins of Indo-European / Aryan people.
What founder of Judaism
(first prophet) was actually Sumerian?
What Sumerian legends may he
have introduced to Judaism?
Why did people tend to stay away from the Arabian Peninsula?
Persian Empire
What was their religion and did they come into contact
with Jewish people?
2 Z
Roman Empire at its greatest expanse.
What “Jewish” part of the world did they
rule?
3
Diaspora
BTW, there has been one
other “Jewish” country.
BTW
1492: more happened than just sailing the ocean blue. What?
4
AIM: to what extent do Belief Systems have an impact on
the world?
Or alternatively: is it possible to die because of looking at too
many maps?
List as many religious conflicts as you can think
of.
• Label those conflicts on the blank world map provided.
5
After the WWI what happens to Arab lands?
1917 Balfour
Declaration
Complete mess!
Security Fence and Wall
Final Solution
Uganda
Madagascar
6
Uganda
ChristianityWhat Empire had an
impact on the spread of Christianity?
Spread of Christianity
Hearth?
What role did the Roman Empire play in the spread and growth of Christianity?
Remember this map!
What is this place?
2011CE
TWE has it changed? How? Why?
Who helped create France with their failed invasion?
Everybody wants to be Roman. Why
is that ironic?
Neither Holy nor
Roman or an Empire!
Hapsburg Roman
wanabees.
Crusades Where did they originate?
Why did the Pope pick
them?
Europe circa 1000CE
Where did they take place?
Europe circa 1580CE
30 Years War
2011CE
TWE has it changed? How? Why?
Byzantine Empire aka the Eastern Roman
Empire
The early spread of Islam
The early spread of Islam
Hinduism
Founder• Who is the founder of Hinduism?
• There is none.• The origin of Hinduism lies in the
original Vedas (epic poems, Hindu scriptures, spiritual laws and truths) brought to South Asia by the Aryans.
• When?
Basic Beliefs• Dharma: duties and obligations in life
determined by one’s birth.
• Reincarnation: rebirth
• Karma: actions leading to future consequences
• Samsara: cycle of birth, death and rebirth
• Moksha: escape from Samsara
• Nirvana
Think of life and time as a circle.
Birth / Death
Reincarnation
Moksha
Samsara
Nirvana
Impact on Society
At least twice born
(reincarnated) castes.
Buddhism• Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, which
means "enlightened one."
• Four Noble TruthsSiddhartha's philosophy of the nature of human suffering and its relation to desire is articulated by these four statements:
• Life is full of pain and suffering. • Human desire causes this suffering. • By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering. • Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold
Path.
Taoism• Originated in China• Philosophy founded by Lao Tze / Tsu around
500BCE
Tenets• The Chinese term Tao can be translated
into English, meaning "the way."
• Taoism is a philosophy that teaches one to attempt to live in harmony with nature; the universe; “Get the balance right” and “May the force be with you.”
• Ancestral veneration important
• Belief in a spirit worldSound
familiar?
Yin Yan
• Yan
• Light
• Male
• Heavenly
• Active
• Yin
• Dark
• Female
• Earthly
• Passive
Confucianism• Founder: Kong Fu Zi
(Confucius). His teachings were later refined and spread by Mencius.Developed in China around 500 BCE during a period of constant war and anarchy; thus the desire for order.
Legalism
• Legalists believed that humans were basically evil and selfish. The best form of government, that is, the government that best contributed to the welfare of the people, would be one that strictly held humankind's base instincts in check. This government would be ruled by strict and harsh laws; punishment would be severe and swift. This belief in rule by law is why this school is called "Legalist."
•Generally considered to be an offshoot of Confucianism.
- Richard Hooker, Washington State University
Thinking of Thomas Hobbes again?
The Mandate of Heaven
• The Zhou / Chou Dynasty developed a new political system of authority during the period 1050 – 256BCE which they called “t’ien-ming,” the Mandate of Heaven.
Where?
Fin
Have Belief Systems ever played a role in political conflicts?
Have Belief Systems ever played a role in political conflicts?
FIN