Aim To gain an understanding of Hate Crimes and Incidents To understand the importance of recording...
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Transcript of Aim To gain an understanding of Hate Crimes and Incidents To understand the importance of recording...
AimAim To gain an understanding of Hate Crimes and Incidents
To understand the importance of recording Hate Crimes and Incidents
ObjectivesObjectives By the end of this By the end of this session you will session you will understand:understand:
• What a Hate Crime isWhat a Hate Crime is
• The difference between The difference between a Hate Crime and Hate a Hate Crime and Hate IncidentIncident
• The different categories The different categories of Hate Crimeof Hate Crime
Stephen Lawrence murderStephen Lawrence murder
Public Enquiry established on 31 July 1997 chaired by Public Enquiry established on 31 July 1997 chaired by Sir William MacphersonSir William Macpherson
““To enquire into matters arising from the death of To enquire into matters arising from the death of Stephen Lawrence on 22Stephen Lawrence on 22ndnd April 1993 in order April 1993 in order particularly, to identify the lessons to be learned for the particularly, to identify the lessons to be learned for the investigation and prosecution of racially motivated investigation and prosecution of racially motivated crimes.”crimes.”
Report published Feb 1999Report published Feb 1999
70 recommendations for policing and society.70 recommendations for policing and society.
Stephen Lawrence murderStephen Lawrence murder
““Stephen Lawrence's murder was simply and solely and Stephen Lawrence's murder was simply and solely and unequivocally motivated by racism”unequivocally motivated by racism”
Racist incident must be understood to include crimes Racist incident must be understood to include crimes and non-crimes in policing terms. Both must be reported, and non-crimes in policing terms. Both must be reported, recorded and investigated with equal commitmentrecorded and investigated with equal commitment
This definition should be universally adopted by the This definition should be universally adopted by the Police, local Government and other relevant agenciesPolice, local Government and other relevant agencies
Racist incidentRacist incident
““Any incident which is perceived to be Any incident which is perceived to be racist by victim or any other person”racist by victim or any other person”
(Recommendation 12, Macpherson Report)(Recommendation 12, Macpherson Report)
Race…and what else?Race…and what else?
DisabilityDisability Religion and belief (or lack of)Religion and belief (or lack of) Sexual orientationSexual orientation TransgenderTransgender
What is a hate crime?What is a hate crime?
““Any incident, which constitutes a Any incident, which constitutes a criminal offence, perceived by the criminal offence, perceived by the victim or any other person, as being victim or any other person, as being motivated by prejudice or hate.”motivated by prejudice or hate.”
What is a hate incident?What is a hate incident?
““Any incident, which may or may not Any incident, which may or may not constitute a criminal offence, which is constitute a criminal offence, which is perceived by the victim or any other perceived by the victim or any other person as being motivated by person as being motivated by prejudice or hate”.prejudice or hate”.
PerceptionPerception
The The perceptionperception of the victim or any of the victim or any other person is the defining factor in other person is the defining factor in determining a hate incidentdetermining a hate incident
Hate crimeHate crime Importance of ‘Perception’Importance of ‘Perception’
Importance of Non-Crime IncidentsImportance of Non-Crime Incidents
Hostility not hate – “In the absence of a precise Hostility not hate – “In the absence of a precise legal definition of hostility, let us consider dictionary legal definition of hostility, let us consider dictionary definitions including 'unfriendliness', 'antagonism‘ definitions including 'unfriendliness', 'antagonism‘ and 'meanness’ ” and 'meanness’ ”
Sir Ken MacDonald, DPP, October 2008Sir Ken MacDonald, DPP, October 2008
WHYWHY do we deal with Hate do we deal with Hate Crime in the way we do?Crime in the way we do?
Hate Crime has implications at many levels:Hate Crime has implications at many levels:
IndividualIndividual Family and friendsFamily and friends Local CommunityLocal Community Wider CommunityWider Community
Where and when?Where and when?
The majority of hate crimes happen The majority of hate crimes happen near to the victim's home while they near to the victim's home while they are going about their daily businessare going about their daily business
An offence is most likely to be An offence is most likely to be committed between 3pm and committed between 3pm and midnight. midnight.
Types of crimeTypes of crime
Physical attacks – assaults, damage to Physical attacks – assaults, damage to property including graffiti and arsonproperty including graffiti and arson
Threats – offensive letters, malicious Threats – offensive letters, malicious communications and harassmentcommunications and harassment
Abuse – gestures, words and any other Abuse – gestures, words and any other visible representationvisible representation
Allport’s ScaleAllport’s Scale
1
2
3
4
5
five ways that prejudice can be expressed or acted upon.
1 Antilocution (name calling, stereotyping) 2 Avoidance (defamation by omission, exclusion) 3 Discrimination (refusal of service, denial of opportunity) 4 Physical Attack (threat of physical violence, murder) 5 Extermination (mass assassination, genocide)
David (Ray) AthertonDavid (Ray) Atherton
Last seen 9Last seen 9thth May 2006 May 2006
Reported missing 12Reported missing 12thth May May
Body discovered 16Body discovered 16thth May in River Mersey, May in River Mersey, WarringtonWarrington
David (Ray) AthertonDavid (Ray) Atherton
2 youths Palin & Dodd pleaded not guilty 2 youths Palin & Dodd pleaded not guilty to murder but guilty to manslaughterto murder but guilty to manslaughter
Sentenced to 3 and half years minimum Sentenced to 3 and half years minimum term. term.
Sophie LancasterSophie Lancaster& & Jody Dobrowski Jody Dobrowski
In August 2007, In August 2007, Sophie LancasterSophie Lancaster was was kicked to death, simply for dressing kicked to death, simply for dressing differently differently
Jody Dobrowski 24Jody Dobrowski 24, was murdered on , was murdered on Clapham Common in South London, Clapham Common in South London, around midnight on the October 14 2005.around midnight on the October 14 2005.
QuestionsQuestions
Should the following be recorded as a Hate Should the following be recorded as a Hate
Crime?Crime?
A woman suffers Criminal Damage with the A woman suffers Criminal Damage with the words “Fat Bitch” sprayed on her car.words “Fat Bitch” sprayed on her car.
A young boy with Ginger hair is assaulted and A young boy with Ginger hair is assaulted and called a “Ginger bastard”called a “Ginger bastard”
QuestionsQuestions
Should the following be recorded as a Hate Should the following be recorded as a Hate
Crime?Crime? An Iranian family has a note put through the An Iranian family has a note put through the
door saying “Go back where you came from”. door saying “Go back where you came from”. The following day someone shouts, “Go The following day someone shouts, “Go home” as the father goes to the shop.home” as the father goes to the shop.
Male offender goes to a well known public sex Male offender goes to a well known public sex location and picks up another male. He drives location and picks up another male. He drives to a park and seriously to a park and seriously assaults the victim.assaults the victim.
Reporting CentresReporting Centres
Our aim is to enable anyone in the community to Our aim is to enable anyone in the community to report hate incidents with confidence to a local report hate incidents with confidence to a local reporting centre.reporting centre.
We are committed to making the people of We are committed to making the people of Cheshire safe and feel safe.Cheshire safe and feel safe.
Reporting CentresReporting Centres
3rd Party Centres will record details of 3rd Party Centres will record details of ANY incidents reported to them as being ANY incidents reported to them as being hate motivated. No restrictions are placed on hate motivated. No restrictions are placed on where the incident took place. Schools, where the incident took place. Schools, work, home and public places will be work, home and public places will be recordedrecorded if the centre is informed about it. if the centre is informed about it.
Reporting CentresReporting Centres
AnonymousAnonymous
IdentifiedIdentified
Victim Centred ResponseVictim Centred Response
Referral / Case ConferenceReferral / Case Conference
Any Questions?Any Questions?