AIM: How have AIM: How have humans attempted to humans attempted to map their world?map their world?

aka Maps; Holy Cow, You Would Never Have Guessed.

Planet EarthPlanet EarthPlanet Earth is an oblate spheroid.

Problem: How does one convert this

three dimensional shape into a two

dimensional map?

1. Map Projections1. Map ProjectionsThree Major Classes of Map Three Major Classes of Map ProjectionProjection

What are the limitations of

each projection?

Why?

(Planar)

Cylindrical Cylindrical ProjectionProjectionThe Mercator Projection Map

What’s the

problem?

Peters (Projection) World Map Peters (Projection) World Map (still Cylindrical)(still Cylindrical)

Robinson Projection Map Robinson Projection Map (still (still Cylindrical)Cylindrical)

Sinusoidal Projection Map Sinusoidal Projection Map (Pseudo Cylindrical = basically still Cylindrical)(Pseudo Cylindrical = basically still Cylindrical)

Look at the lines of Latitude and Longitude!

Another Pseudo Another Pseudo Cylindrical Map Cylindrical Map ProjectionProjection

Goode Homosoline Goode Homosoline (Projection) Map(Projection) Map

Quite Simple: It is a modified Sinusoidal, therefore Pseudo-Cylindrical, therefore Cylindrical Map. They’ve peeled off the surface of the Earth. Then attempted to convert that surface to a two dimensional map… and then allowed the surface to rip apart, in convenient locations, so as to limit the distortion. What do you

think?

Conic Projection MapConic Projection Map

Azimuthal (Planar) Azimuthal (Planar) Projection MapsProjection Maps

Winkel Tripel Winkel Tripel ProjectionProjection

Does not eliminate

area, direction or

distance distortions.

Tries to minimize all

three

National Geographic adopted this

as their standard map in 1998.

Hybrid Map

Problems?

2. Types of Maps2. Types of MapsPolitical (Geography) MapsPhysical (Geography) MapsTopographic Maps Road MapsThematic Maps Economic Resource Maps Flow Line Maps Cartogram Maps Choropleth Maps Climate Maps Etc., etc., etc. … and on and on

and on…

Political MapPolitical Map

Physical Geography Physical Geography MapMap

Topographic MapTopographic Map

What makes for

a Topographic Map?

Thematic MapsThematic Maps

Choropleth MapsChoropleth Maps

Cartogram MapsCartogram Maps

World Population (1900) Cartogram

World Population (2011) Cartogram

Flow Line MapsFlow Line Maps

Climate MapClimate Map

Weather MapWeather Map

Other Maps Other Maps (there are (there are

many)many)

London UndergroundLondon Underground

London Underground Map London Underground Map (1932)(1932)

1933 London Underground 1933 London Underground MapMap

Proposed New London Underground Map Proposed New London Underground Map (2011?)(2011?)

Tourist MapTourist Map

College Students Trying College Students Trying to Make Money Mapsto Make Money Maps

FinFin

Misuse of Maps Misuse of Maps

“MAP OF PALESTINE BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR OF 1967”

It hasn’t changed at all!!! Has it?

What is the reference to 1967

all about?

History of MapsHistory of Maps

Peutinger Map (Roman Map Peutinger Map (Roman Map of World)of World)

World Map (Henry of Mainz) World Map (Henry of Mainz) (Mappamundi) (12(Mappamundi) (12thth C) C)

Itinerary map (Matthew of Paris) Itinerary map (Matthew of Paris) (13(13thth C) C)

Ebstorf Map (Mappamundi) Ebstorf Map (Mappamundi) (13(13thth C) C)

Italian Chart in Catalan Style Italian Chart in Catalan Style (1482)(1482)

John Snow’s Broad Street John Snow’s Broad Street Cholera Map, London (1854)Cholera Map, London (1854)

First in epidemiological research