Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information?

DNA

What is DNA?

Carries the instructions for

cell activities

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleic Acids

DNA orRNA

Nucleotides

PhosphateSugarBase

Griffith’s Experiment:

Harmless strain of bacteria were “transformed” into a deadly strain and killed the mice.Griffith called the substance the “transforming factor”.

Avery’s Experiment:Was the transforming factor

Protein or DNA?

Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + protein destroying enzymes Transformed Bacteria

Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + DNA destroying enzymes Bacteria did not Transform

Concluded that DNA is the genetic material of the cell.

Hershey & Chase Experiment:

Bacteriophage

When only the phage protein coats were labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected outside the cell. When the phage DNA was labeled, most of the radioactivity wasdetected inside the cells.

What are these instructions?• GENES• How did we get our

genes?

Where are genes found?

Genes chromosomes nucleus(Smallest) (Largest)

How does DNA make up our chromosomes?

What do our genes give us?

Our characteristics or traits

How many genes do we have?

~30,000 on ______ chromosomes46

How does DNA carry the genes?• The structure of DNA

allows it to carry the genetic code

• It is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides

What is a nucleotide made of?

Deoxyribose

4 types

Subunits of DNA

What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs?

• Adenine• Thymine• Guanine• Cytosine

(pyrimidine)

(pyrimidine)(purine)

(purine)

How do the bases pair up?

All …. Teachers

Go …. Crazy

What holds the DNA base pairs together?

Weak hydrogen bonds

3 Hydrogen Bonds

2 Hydrogen Bonds

What in the DNA is unique in all organisms?

The base sequence

What part of DNA carries the genetic code?

The base sequence holds the genetic code.

Each organism has a different sequence of bases

Let’s reviewWhere is DNA found?

What determines our traits?

Where are genes located?

What part of DNA carries the genetic code?

Genes

1 Gene = 1 Protein

ALL TEACHERS GO CRAZY

SEMI CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION

ONE OLD STRAND &

ONE NEW STRAND