Aim: How did the Treaty of Versailles attempt to repair Europe after WWI?

Do Now: You and your group are on the committee to decide Germany’s fate after the war.

How would you go about getting Justice?Are you looking for Justice or Revenge?What reparations would you insist upon?How would you ensure that the final demands

would be kept?

What factors contributed to the end of the war?

Contributing Factor: Impact/ Reason Lasting Consequence

America’s entry in to the war. A. Protect American Investments

B. Sinking of Lusitania(1915) a passenger ship.

C. Increasing Anti-German sentiments.

Major presence at the Treaty of Versailles

Overwhelming loss of commitment to the war. The Great Easter Rebellion ( Ireland)German and French internal revolts.

A. Revolts and internal disillusionment

B. Mutiny

Harsh sentiments towards Germany and reparations

Bulgaria/Ottoman & Austrian defeatsRussian Revolution /withdrawl

A. Germans lose military strength

Total Soldiers lost in WWI Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 woundedFrance : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 woundedBelgium : 50,000 soldiers killedItaly : 600,000 soldiers killed Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killedAustria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killedTurkey : 325,000 soldiers killedBulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killedAmerica : 116,000 soldiers killed

David Lloyd George – A major British politician Where did he stand?

1) Politically he was an elected official and wanted to remain in office so he echoed the sentiments of many British- Hang the Kaiser.

2) In actuality George believed that the spread of communism posed a far greater threat to the world than a defeated Germany. He did not want the people of Germany to become so disillusioned with their government that they turned to communism.

However, it would have been political suicide to have gone public with these views.

David Lloyd George was born in 1863 and died in 1945. Lloyd George was the major British politician present at the Treaty of Versailles and while at Versailles it was Lloyd George who tried to play the middle role between the total retribution of George Clemenceau and the seemingly mild rebuke of America’s Woodrow Wilson.

Georges Clemenceau

French Prime MinisterHe realized that the

tone in France was for no mercy to be shown to the Germans. He called for Germany to be smashed so that she could never again embark on a war.

Woodrow Wilson• He had been genuinely stunned by

the savagery of the Great War. He could not understand how an advanced civilization could have reduced itself so that it had created so much devastation.

• Americans supported a growing desire for the government to adopt a policy of isolation and leave Europe to its own devices.

• Wilson wanted America to concentrate on itself and, despite developing the idea of a League of Nations, he wanted an American input into Europe to be kept to a minimum.

• He believed that Germany should be punished but in a way that would lead to European reconciliation as opposed to revenge.

Territorial lossesThe following land was taken away from

Germany:• Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)• Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)• Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)• Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia)• West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia

(given to Poland)• The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put

under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum.

• The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies.

• Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was made into new states : Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An enlarged Poland also received some of this land

Military • Germany’s army was reduced

to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks.

• She was not allowed an airforce.She was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms East of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.

• The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years.