AIM: How did the geography of India impact the development of early Indian civilizations? Do Now:...
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![Page 1: AIM: How did the geography of India impact the development of early Indian civilizations? Do Now: Test Review, End of MP reflection, goal setting Unit.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c0231a28abf838cd443f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AIM: How did the geography of India impact the development of early
Indian civilizations? Do Now: Test Review, End of MP reflection,
goal setting
Unit Essential Question: In what ways did the civilizations and
empires of ancient India and China lay long-lasting social and political
foundations?
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India is a subcontinent in South Asia.
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The Himalaya Mountains separate IndiaFrom China.
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This is a photograph of the famousKhyber Pass. This valley allowedtravelers to enter India.
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India also experiences the monsoon.The monsoons are winds that bring
rains.
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The Indus River is an important river inIndian history. It was the birthplace of South Asia’s earliest civilization.
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E. Napp
The Ganges River is an important river inIndia. It is a sacred or holy river for Hindus.
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The Indus River begins in the Himalayas.When the snows melt, the river floods.
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The Indus river allowed people to farm.It made irrigation and transportation
possible. A great civilization developedin the Indus river valley.
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Harappan Civilization
• The early civilization that developed in the Indus river valley is frequently referred to as Harappan civilization.
• 2 Important Cities = Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
3000 B.C.E
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This ruin reveals the careful planning ofthe Indus river city of Harappa.
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The buildings of Mohenjo-Daro were alsocarefully planned.
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Urban Planning
• Urban planning refers to the careful planning of a city.
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This hole and drain suggest that indoorbathrooms and toilets may have existed.
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Harappan civilization had writing. However,archaeologists are still deciphering it.
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This map reveals the location of Harappancivilization.
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Harappan civilization began around3000 B.C.E.
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The cities were surrounded by walls.Walls were used to protect the inhabitants
of the cities.
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Harappan civilization declined around1500 B.C. It is possible that the monsoon
failed or an earthquake occurred.
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The Aryans
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Priests
Warriors
Peasants/Traders
Laborers/Craftsmen
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The Aryans1500-250 BC
I. Indo-European Migrations1. Nomads: someone who moves from place to place in search for
food.2. From the Steppes of the Caucasus Mts.
A. Steppe: dry grasslands.3. Migrated (moved) all throughout Europe & southwest Asia.
II. Aryans1. Indo-Europeans who migrated into the Indus Valley.2. Vedas: books that set down their prayers, songs, spells & religious
formulas.3. Varnas:
A. Rigid class system created by the Aryans.i. Aryans had the best jobs.ii. Dasa (dark) had the worst jobs.
4. Magadha – major kingdom of the Aryans.5. Polytheistic – worshipped gods and goddesses who embodied
natural forces.
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Aim: How did Mauryan rulers create a strong
central government for their empire?
Do Now: What are some of the law/legal systems we have discussed so far this year? What else, besides laws, shapes
peoples actions?
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Turn & Talk
Do you believe…
Is it better to rule through times of peace or times of
war?
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Behavior Fit For a King
• “The king’s good is not that which pleases him, but that which pleases his subjects”
-Arthashastra, a Maurya handbook on governance
What should the duties of a ruler include?
According to Hindu teachings, a ruler’s duties included maintaining peace and order by enforcing laws, resisting invaders, and encouraging economic growth. Those who successfully achieved those goals became some of India’s great rulers.
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The Maurya Empire
321 BCE – 185 BCE
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Chandragupta• Gained power in the Ganges
Valley then conquered northern India.
• Maintained order through a well-organized bureaucracy• Building of roads/harbors,
collected taxes, managed state-owned factories/shipyards
• Rule was effective but harsh • Brutal secret police
reported on corruption, crime and dissent
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Asoka
• 268 BCE – became emperor
• Converted to Buddhism, rejected violence, and resolved to rule by moral example.
• Sent missionaries to spread Buddhism across India and to Sri Lanka.• Preached tolerance for other
religions.
• Edicts of Asoka: stone pillars across India announcing laws and promising righteous government
• Brought peace and prosperity to empire
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Division and Disunity
• After Asoka’s death, Maurya power declined (185 BCE)
• North and south (Deccan Plateau) was separated by distance and cultural differences
• Foreign invades constantly pushed through mountain passes into Northern India.
• South divided into many kingdoms, different languages and different traditions.
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AIM: Why was the period of Gupta rule in India
considered the “golden age”?
Do Now: What words/phrases do you associate with the term ‘golden age’?
Golden Age
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Golden Age – period of great cultural achievement
“The people are numerous and happy;…only those who cultivate the royal land have to pay [a portion of] the grain from it…The king governs without…corporal punishments. Criminals are simply fined, lightly or heavily, according to the circumstances [of each case].
-Faxian, A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms
How was Gupta rule different from Mauryan rule?
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The Guptas Bring About a Golden Age
• Trade and farming flourished
• Artisans produced goods for local markets and foreign lands
• Advances in learning – students were educated in religious schools (not limited to religion and philosophy)
• MATHEMATICS* concept of zero, decimal system
• Expand India’s literature
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Decline
Weak rulers
Civil war
Foreign invaders
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Family and Village Life
• Majority were peasants
• Joint family – parents, children and offspring shared a common dwelling
• Dowry – brides family makes payment to the bridegroom
• Women lost status as time progressed
• life revolved around the village
• Agriculture and trade shaped life