Aim: How did religion impact the establishment of

the English colonies?

(I) The New England colonies were different from the Chesapeake colonies (Virginia and Maryland) in the following ways:

a. NE colonies established for religious freedom, not profit or economic motives

b. Middle class; came as whole family units (not upper class gentlemen or indentured servants)

c. Better environment (not swampy, humid like Jamestown)

(II) PLYMOUTH COLONY (the Pilgrims) a. Pilgrims were separatists: want to separate completely from

the Church of England and form a separate religious community.

Fled England and went to Holland (went on a pilgrimage)

b. Signed Mayflower Compact (see handout):

1. First example of self-government: based on majority

rule

SQUANTO IN PAINTINGS AND IN HOLLYWOOD

c. William Bradford was governor of Plymouthd. Faced environmental hardships: helped by Squantoe. 1st Thanksgiving: give thanks to Natives for helping Pilgrims survive

(III) THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY: the Puritans

a. Want to reform church, not break away; purify the corruption and hierarchy in the Church of England (want to remain in Church, but just reform it)

b. Colony was a theocracy: voting was limited to church members

c. Governor of colony was John Winthrop

1. Wrote “A Modell of Christian Charity”

2. Believed he had a “calling” from God to lead there

3. His goal was to establish a “City on a Hill”: example for all the world to follow (is this American Exceptionalism? Socialism?)

READ SPEECH AND ANSWER QUESTIONS

Listen to the following speeches by Presidents JFK and Reagan. Why do you

think they are invoking the use of the “city on a hill” metaphor?

Let’s create a city on a hill! Who’s with me??

Questions to Consider1. Were Winthrop’s “rules for the colony

realistic? Do you think it would be hard to live up to the goals that Winthrop set for the colony? Why or why not?

2. Some might argue that since there was no longer any threat of religious persecution some of the colonists became less concerned with following the direction of their pastors. Assess the validity of that statement.

d. What did the Puritans believe?1. piousness2. bible was the literal word of God3. original sin (man was born a sinner)4. predestination (decided at birth by God whether you were going to heaven or hell)5. wealth was a sign of God’s approval 6. church membership required for participation in politics) NO SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE HERE!

7. Individuals responsible for meeting the needs and goals of the community

8. Individuals should put the general good of society first, before their own interests

QUESTION: LOOK AT YOUR LIST OF BELIEFS…

1. Do these ideas tend to favor the desire for order or desire for freedom?

IV. THE GREAT ENGLISH MIGRATION

a. The establishment of MBC would touch off a decade of migration from England to the colonies (from 1630-1640, over 80,000 English would leave England for the colonies)

b. As Puritan population continued to grow, they threatened Native American way of life

1. Pequot War: fought between Pequot tribe and New England colonists and some NA

alliescolonists were expanding onto Native land which brought conflict

over property and land ownership leads to Mystic Massacre where Pequot village was surrounded by

colonists and village set on fire.Result of war: over 700 were killed or captured and sold into slavery

MASSACRE AT MYSTIC: PEQUOT WAR

(V) DISAGREEMENTS AND NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Even though Puritans themselves were fleeing persecution, they were not tolerant of other religious ideas (in fact…most of the other New England colonies would be formed by those NOT agreeing with the dominant Puritan beliefs

b. Roger Williams (Rhode Island)

1. Banished from MBC for disagreeing with religious and political leaders

2. Believed that God was to be found within each person, not within the church

3. He advocated a complete separation of church and state

4. Believed it was wrong to take advantage of Native Americans by taking their land

Interesting note: colony would quickly be viewed by the others as the “waste can” or “sewer” for anyone who could not fit into proper society

I don’t think I’m the Roger Williams that

will be on the AP exam…

c. Anne Hutchinson (A Woman Rebel)

1. Was unique for her time for the simple fact that she was a female religious leader in a male-dominated society (patriarchal)2. Preached the belief of antinomialisn (if God has already determined who is saved and who is not, then man is not subject to man or God’s laws)3. She bragged that she has received her beliefs directly from God4. went on trial for sedition; eventually was banished from MBC and fled to Rhode Island and later New York(later, she would moved to New Amsterdam where she and her family were killed by Native Americans…Winthrop saw this as a sign from God that they were correct in banishing her)

1. Like Native Americans, Puritans believed that the physical world full of supernatural forces

2. Strong belief that Satan is acting in the "The invisible world“ (i.e disease, natural catastrophes, and bad fortune)

3.  A belief that a person afflicted by witchcraft exhibits certain symptoms.

• 3. A time  of troubles, making it seem likely that Satan was active (i.e. frontier wars with Indians)4.  Stimulation of imaginations by Tituba (slave).

• 5. Confessing "witches" adding credibility to earlier charges.

• 6.  Old feuds (disputes within congregation, property disputes) between the accusers and the accused spurring charges of witchcraft.

• TEENAGE BOREDOM?

• ***POINT OF INTEREST…MOST HISTORIANS NOW SEE IT AS A WAY THAT THE PURITANS SOUGHT TO SUBORDINATE WOMEN***

• E. what ended it? The European Enlightenment (promoted a rational, scientific view of the world)

d. Salem Witch Trials: Causes of Witchcraft Hysteria in Salem

• Tituba, a slave from Barbados, makes a witch cake, drawing suspicion on herself.

• A witch cake is composed of rye meal mixed with urine from the afflicted children. It is then fed to a dog. The person is considered bewitched if the dog displays similar symptoms as the afflicted.

Witch Cake

PUT THIS UNDER THE “EWWW, GROSS AND “HUH???” CATEGORY AND WHY AREN’T THEY SELLING THIS AT STARBUCKS???

THE TRIALS: BY THE END OF 1692, OVER 200 PEOPLE WERE JAILED AND STOOD ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT