1-0200 Biosafety Program Development Presented by: Lisa Wisser, CIH AIHCE - June 6, 2001.
AIHce 2015 PBZ monitoing and wipe sampling for lead BY Prashanth K
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Transcript of AIHce 2015 PBZ monitoing and wipe sampling for lead BY Prashanth K
#aihce
Personal breathing zone exposure monitoring and surface contamination study of Lead at an
indoor firing range
Prasanth.K, Deputy Project Manager, India
International Safety Systems, Inc. (ISS), India
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AGENDA
Background on indoor firing range
Test Environment and Activity
Methods and Evaluation criteria
Results and Observations
Lessons Learned
Recommendations
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Background
Indoor firing ranges used for
Shooting practice (Person inside firing range)
Testing Kevlar material (Person can be outside)
Potential Hazards (Noise and Lead)
Bullets are loaded with gunpowder and have Lead based primer.
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Lead vaporized due to heat and pressure within the cartridge (at the firing instance). The heat of the reaction and cooling results in formation of lead particles at Source
Bullet trap
Path way
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Test Environment and Activity
Indoor firing range had: Heating and Ventilated Air Circulation (HVAC) system
(2 supply ducts from top and 4 return ducts from side walls) with 20 air changes per hour
Acoustic enclosure Bullet traps
Operator places Kevlar material at test stand and loads the barrel with bullet and trigger is pulled from outside the room.
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Operator used apron and single pair of Nitrile gloves
Test centre cleaned daily with dry mop followed by wet mop.
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Objective of study
To identify eight-hour/full shift personal breathing zone exposure to lead particulates for operator testing the kevlar by firing bullets in an Indoor firing range.
To evaluate the level of surface contamination due to the deposition of lead particulates.
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Method and Sampling Strategy
Air sampling Three samples collected using Modified NIOSH 7300;
Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Sampling media: 37mm Matched Weight (MW) Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) filter
Sampling flow rate: 4 litres/minute Sampling duration: 7 hours. (Not sampled during lunch
break) Two filters used for 3.5 hours each to avoid overloading
of particulates on filter.
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Wipe sampling Modified NIOSH 9102 (ICP-AES) Sampling media: Moistened Lead Dust sampling wipe Wipe samples collected before start of the activity
(beginning of shift) after completion of activity (end of shift)
Wipe samples collected at 11 locations over an area of 100 cm2
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Evaluation Criteria
Air samples Eight-Hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) exposure
compared with ACGIH TLV-TWA of 0.05 mg/m3 (50 μg/m3)
Wipe samples OSHA guideline for a level of acceptable lead loading
for non-lead work areas of 0.2 μg/cm2. (Legally not applicable).
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Results and observations
Range of Personal Breathing Zone exposure – 1.0 µg/m3 to 1.7 µg/m3
Exposure varies: Based on the number of bullets fired. Duration of person inside the firing range.
Wipe samples results at beginning of shift - 0.02 µg/cm2 to 4.1 µg/cm2
Wipe samples results at end of shift – 0.13 µg/cm2 to 38 µg/cm2
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Lessons Learnt
Employee exposure, without regard to use of respirator was below 10% of ACGIH TLV-TWA.
The surface contamination level increased by 10 folds, after firing of bullets.
Potential for ingestion risk exists due to surface contamination.
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Recommendations
Clean all surfaces effectively with the use of a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter vacuum cleaner.
Use dual pair of disposable nitrile gloves before contacting potential contaminated surfaces. Remove the outer pair of gloves after it is contaminated.
Avoid touching of door handles with contaminated gloves
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References
• Indoor Firing Ranges Industrial Hygiene Technical Guide (Navy Environmental Health Center)
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