Aida, Amril, Dyas - Health and Education Inf. Panikel.pdf

8/14/2019 Aida, Amril, Dyas - Health and Education Inf. Panikel.pdf

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EVALUATION OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT

Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapi


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Kampung Laut has a unique condition since it was formed by sedimentation from Citanduy and

Citereup River. Poverty increased after fisheries area in Segara Anakan Lagoon exterminated by

tanah timbul. Since 1976 Yayasan Sosial Bina Sejahtera (YSBS), The Foundation for bringing about

Prosperity and Good Will, has conducted a poverty alleviation program with support from various

donor agencies. YSBS has built a number of community-based infrastructures, includes health and

education infrastructure.

After road development opened access into health and education facilities, the public health and

education in Kampung Laut has improved. Nevertheless, many problems still occur due to the

infrastructure implementation, such as equality problems in access between male and female;

between high and low social-economic level of community.

This reseach is aimed to evaluate the infrastructure implementation in health and education sector

that YSBS did in Panikel Village, a part of Kampung Laut sub-district. Through study of impacts,

responses, and adaptation of community in Panikel, this research will focused on people

empowerment program held by partnership between YSBS and government of Cilacap in order to

develop Kampung Laut sub-district. The study area is in Panikel Village, with observation objects in 1

health facility, that is PKD in Bugel sub-village, and 2 education facilities, that are SDN Panikel 03 and

PAUD Raudlatul Athfal which are also in Bugel.

Infrastructure implementation analysis is conducted firstly by indentifying findings in physical

condition, capacity, function, governance, delivery mechanism, impacts, responses, and adaptation

of community and stakeholder in the area of observation, then do an analysis through problem tree,

objective tree, stakeholder analysis, SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities, threat ) analysis, andwhole system design to generate alternatives of strategies recommended for the advance step of

development project for health and education infrastructure in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut.


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapiii

LIST OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................... i

LIST OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................. v

LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2. Objective of Research ................................................................................................................ 2

1.3. Method ....................................................................................................................................... 21.3.1. Data Collecting Technique............................................................................................. 2

1.3.2. Data Analysis Techniques .............................................................................................. 3

1.4. Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................................. 3

1.4.1. Conceptual Framework For Health Infrastructure ........................................................ 3

1.4.2. Conceptual Framework For Education Infrastructure .................................................. 4

CHAPTER II DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA ................................................................................... 6

2.1. LOCATION ................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1. Profile of Kampung Laut ................................................................................................ 6

2.1.2. Profile of Panikel ........................................................................................................... 8

2.2. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT BY YSBS ............................................................................. 12

2.2.1. Profile of YSBS ............................................................................................................. 12

2.2.2. Health Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3. Education Infrastructure ............................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER III FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................... 14

3.1. HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................... 14

3.1.1. Physical Condition, Capacity, and Function ................................................................ 14

3.1.2. Governance and Delivery Mechanism ........................................................................ 15

3.1.3. Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation .......................................................................... 15

3.1.4. Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 16

3.2. EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................ 23

3.2.1. Physical Condition, Capacity, and Function ................................................................ 23

3.2.2. Governance and Delivery Mechanism ........................................................................ 24


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapiv

3.2.3. Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation .......................................................................... 25

3.2.4. Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 26

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................................. 34

4.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 34

4.1.1. Health .......................................................................................................................... 34

4.1.2. Education ..................................................................................................................... 34

4.2. Recommendation ..................................................................................................................... 35

4.2.1. Health .......................................................................................................................... 35

4.2.2. Education ..................................................................................................................... 35

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................... 37


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Panikel Population Above Age 5 According to The Highest Level of EducationBy Year 2010............................................................................................................................. 11


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacapvi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework for Health Infrastructure ................................................................... 3

Figure 2. Panikel Population According to Level of Education ............................................................... 4

Figure 3. Conceptual Framework for Education Infrastructure .............................................................. 5

Figure 4. The Administration Area of Kampung Laut Sub-District .......................................................... 6

Figure 5. Change area of Segara Anakan Lagoon .................................................................................... 7

Figure 6. Area of Study: Panikel Village .................................................................................................. 8

Figure 7. Population By Sex in Kampung Laut......................................................................................... 9

Figure 8. Livelihood of People in Panikel .............................................................................................. 10

Figure 9. Inpatient room in PKD Panikel ............................................................................................... 14

Figure 10. Problem tree for health infrastructure in Panikel................................................................ 17

Figure 11. Objective tree for health infrastructure in Panikel .............................................................. 18

Figure 12. Building condition of PAUD Raudlatul Athfal ....................................................................... 23

Figure 13. Building condition of SDN 03 Panikel ................................................................................... 23

Figure 14. Problem tree for education infrastructure in Panikel .......................................................... 27

Figure 15. Objective tree for education infrastructure in Panikel ........................................................ 28


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Case Study in Panikel Village, Kampung Laut, Cilacap1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Changes and development of Kampung Laut, Cilacap geographic condition, a phenomenon

especially interesting in the development of the welfare of the community. As a result of

sedimentation processes, Kampung Laut area was largely a regional waters, has now so change

the various sectors in the life of society. Kampung Laut that formerly isolated now are becoming

more open with it set up the access road which is initiated by the YSBS. The development of thisopen access road turns out to be opportunities for the development of other sectors in order to

increase the welfare of its people.

Education and health sectors are two crucial sectors which get the influence of road

construction in Kampung Laut. However, the development in health and education

infrastructure sectors is even though it has got the intervention of YSBS has not been fully able

to improve the welfare of the community Kampung Laut. The issue raised in the discussion of

the evaluation of the development of the health sector in particular Panikel (one village in

Kampung Laut) related to gender issues, while the education sector concerning the expediency

of the openness of access to education, which hasn't been able to fully perceived by everyone

especially the low sosio-economic status.

This writing is part of the lecture is to offer comprehensive approach MICD that discuss gender

problems that occurred in the development of health infrastructure and equity problem in

education infrastructure in Kampung Laut, particularly in Panikel Village, with respect to the

phase-phase development, identification of the problem and strategy formulation in order to

build education and health facilities that befitting for community.

Why Kampung Laut?

The uniqueness of the Kampung Laut geographical character made this area requires a

great effort and funds to undertake infrastructure development. The complexity found

in Kampung Laut becomes a challenge not easily solved.


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YSBS intervention has given a big impact to the development of the community

Kampung Laut since 1986 with road construction program and the program in other

part, such as education and health.

Although it is open access roads, education and health facilities Kampung Laut still

indicate variety of problems.

1.2. Objective of Research

a. To identify physical condition, capacity, and function of health and education infrastructure.

b. To identify governance and delivery mechanism of the infrastructure.

c. To identify the impact of infrastructure utilization at the village level.

d. To identify the responses of stakeholders at the village level.

e. To identify the adaptation of local community.

1.3. Method

1.3.1. Data Collecting Technique

Data required in this research include primary data and secondary data.

1. Primary Data

a. Observation

Primary Data obtained through field observation activities on 22-25 may 2012 inBugel, Panikel village, Kampung Laut.

b. Interview

In unison with the do obeservasi field, team also conducts interviews to some of

the respondents who have a connection with the object of study consisting of

the YSBS, community leaders, religious leaders, and the public use of the

services object of the study.

2. Secondary data

Secondary Data obtained from the Kampung Laut statistical data and PODES data

also the image of the Panikel village, Kampung Laut distric earned from google map.


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1.3.2. Data Analysis Techniques

Methods to be used:

1. Indentifying finding such as Physical Condition, Capacity, Function, Governance,

Delivery Mechanism, Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation of object.

2. Then do an analysis with :

a. Identify problem of infrastructure and organize the problem tree

b. Formulating objective tree

c. Stakeholder analysis

d. SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities, threat )

e. Whole system design

1.4. Conceptual Framework

1.4.1. Conceptual Framework For Health Infrastructure

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework for Health Infrastructure


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1.4.2. Conceptual Framework For Education Infrastructure

The background of conceptual framework for education infrastructure is the issue of

low education level of community in Kampung Laut, that in 2006 this sub-district still

get high number of illiterate people because less of getting education. The figure below

shows the level of education of community in Panikel Village in 2010.

Figure 2. Panikel Population According to Level of Education

The data illustrate that from total amount of population (5594 people) in Panikel, only

3572 people get education, while 2022 people are not complete their education or

never attend school.

0%3%

9%

52%

36%

Panikel Population Above Age 5According to The Highest Level of Education

By Year 2010

Academy/ University

SLTA

SLTP

SD

Not complete school/Never attend school


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Figure 3. Conceptual Framework for Education Infrastructure


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CHAPTER II

DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

2.1. LOCATION

2.1.1. Profile of Kampung Laut

Kampung Laut sub-district is a part of Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Kampung Laut sub-

district lies in Segara Anakan lagoon. It is consist of four villages, covering approximately

14,135.27 Ha or 141,3527 km2 area. The four villages are Ujung Gagak, Klaces, Ujung

Alang, and Panikel. Kampung Laut lies between Latitude 1084610903E and

Longitude 734747S. Kampung Laut is an area of beach and lagoon with a height of

0-3 M above sea level and tropical climates. The average temperature above 26.4C and

average humidity of 48 RH and wind speed on average 7.3 knots.

Figure 4. The Administration Area of Kampung Laut Sub-District

Source: BPS, 2011


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Natural Condition and Changes

Segara Anakan lagoon is an area that determined by the salinity levels of seawater and

freshwater. From the biological side, the lagoon has a highly productive ecosystem.

Fisheries communities around the lagoon have become a very prosperous. However,

due to rapid sedimentation to lagoon (estimated about1 million m 3 annually) from

rivers reduced the wide and depth of the Segara Anakan lagoon. According to KPSKSA

the water surface area of lagoon reduced from 6.540 ha in 1903 to 3.270 ha in 1984,

1.800 ha in 1992, and 600 ha in 2004. The wide of lagoon in 1976 was 4.159 ha with an

average depth of 10-15 meters turned into about 600 ha in 2003 with a depth of no

more than 1.5 meters.

Figure 5. Change area of Segara Anakan Lagoon

Source: KPSKSA, 2009, in Thesis Sulistiono


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2.1.2. Profile of Panikel

a. Administration

Panikel village located in the northern part of Kampung Laut sub-districts with

administrative boundaries as follows.

North side : Bantarsari Village

Southern : Ujung Alang Village

West : Ujung Gagak Village

East : Brengkeng Village

The coverage area of Panikel Village is approximately 2869.871 hectares with a height

of 0-1 meters above the ground surface. Panikel Village consists of five sub-villages:

Bugel, Panikel, Kalenbener, Mekarsari, and Muaradua.

Figure 6. Area of Study: Panikel Village

Source: PODES and Google Map

The delta formed due to rapid sedimentation in the lagoon. Manez and Lukas in

(KPSKSA, 2009) stated sedimentation has been going since 1857. By local people,

delta called as tanah timbul and eventually forms the land. Income of traditional

fisheries decreased and the community must change to be a farmer. These situations

are not easy for the community of Kampung Laut, causing a tragic period of

transition. The habit and life style of fisheries cannot quickly turn into farmers.


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Figure 8. Livelihood of People in Panikel

Source: Statistik Pokok Kecamatan Kampung Laut, BPS, 2010

Since 1976 YSBS, an NGO work on Kampung Laut sub-district. YSBS build road and

bridges from Cisumur Bugel Ciberem ; from Bugel Panikel- Karanganyar(Ujung

Gagak); built irigation along the edge of roads ; built water dam and ditch so that

some land becomes dry. Since then access to the Kampung Laut began to open. Even

now, there are electricity and telephone facilities, information also available,

economic is increasing, and there are new markets and shops.

c. Education Level of Community

There was generally a low level of formal education in the area. Illiteracy was high

due to cost of education, transportation and lack of nearby schools. The dropout rate

among elementary school student is high since parents often take their children out

of school to work with the family.

There are 2 elementary schools, 1 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (the same level with

elementary school), and 1 junior high school in Panikel. Accessibility of students to

schools is very difficult. Students have to take boat to school or long difficult passing

the bad quality of rural road.

The following table shows the level of people education in Panikel. The opportunity

to continue to pursue a higher education is still limited.

935, 77%

1, 0%

86, 7%190, 16%

Livelihood of People Above 10 on Panikel VillageBy The End of Year 2010

agriculture mining/ excarvation industry commercial


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Table 1. Panikel Population Above Age 5 According to The Highest Level of

Education By Year 2010

Level pendidikanJumlah

(orang)

Akademi/ PT 12

SLTA 145

SLTP 477

SD 2938

Tidak tamat SD 654

Belum tamat SD 603

Tidak/ belum sekolah 765

Jumlah 5594

Source: Statistik Pokok Kecamatan Kampung Laut, BPS, 2010

d. Healthcare Issues

Kampung Laut has no sufficient public health conditions. The number of facilities and

accessibility of the community in Kampung Laut to various health facilities such as

hospital, health centre (Puskesmas), physician, drugstore, etc. is very low.The qualityof health in the area is poor. Malaria, cholera and skin diseases are common due to

lack of potable water, malnutrition and poor housing and sanitary facilities. Except for

Klaces on Nusa Kambangan and Motean, the villages have no freshground water.

During the wet season, rain water is collected and stored for daily use. During the dry

season, freshwater is brought from Nusa Kambangan island.

Geographic condition of Kampung Laut which is consist of swamps potentially trigger

many health problems. Slick of water surround the settlements and high humiditycause many endemic diseases, such as malaria, DBD (dengue), and pinkeye.

Bad sanitation also give effect to health problems. Many settlements have no

septictank because the bad soil condition causes some difficulties for sewerage

system installation. Domestic waste run directly into the river, contaminate water,

then cause problems in skin disease and diarhea.

Beside bad sanitation, social cultural factor bring impacts to the community health in

Kampung Laut. Coastal livelihood affect community to uncontroled smoking culture.


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Therefore, community in this area still susciptible to many respiration disease, for

instance lungs inflammation and TBC. However, since the improvement in education

sector and socialization by health cadres about the dangerous of smoking habit, the

number of people who get respiration disease can be reducted until 2012.

2.2. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT BY YSBS

2.2.1. Profile of YSBS

Yayasan Sosial Bina Sejahtera (YSBS) was established in 12 March 1976 by Patrick

Edward Charlie Burrows, OMI, or called Father Carolus. Set from an action to help

poor and homeless people, this Non-Governmental Organization legally works in social

humanity sector in whole area of Cilacap.

Since 1978 Yayasan Sosial Bina Sejahtera (YSBS, The Foundation for bringing about

Prosperity and Good Will) conducts a poverty alleviation program with support from

various donor agencies. YSBS has built a number of community-based infrastructures.

E.g., approximately 487 kilometres of rural roads, bridges, dams, dykes, and irrigation

canals, automatic sea gates, 26 schools (kindergarten, elementary, junior and senior

high school, and an academy), six health service centres, and banks have built and runby this NGO.

Kampung Laut is one of targeted area of YSBS operation. Rural road is the first and the

biggest project in the area and believed give important contribution to improving the

communities capacity and welfare. Rural road defined as connecting road from one

village to another village or main road. In the community development program will

lead community to market, economic and social facilities, or services.

Since 1976, YSBS conducted labour intensive project supported by Catholic Relieve

Service (CRS). The projects were Food for Work (FFW). From March 1992 onwards, the

Misereor supported YSBS in its labour-intensive projects, in the form of Cash for Work

(CFW). The overall aim of the project is to better the job and income situation of poor

rural communities by cash-for-work program.

Through the infrastructure project activities, the better transport possibilities and

access to market improved. The CFW program has ended, but YSBS still use cash for

work scheme to answer the rural road development need and demand from the


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communities including Kampung Laut community until now. One of the intended target

group of the project are poor families in a poverty region such Kampung Laut sub-

district.

2.2.2. Health InfrastructureIn health sector YSBS take role in the development of medical human resources, and

also in providing health education for community. The first target for public health

improvement is mother and child. To support funding, YSBS involves Childfund which

concerns on prosperity of children.

YSBS PROGRAMS IN HEALTHCARE

1. Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) for children under five (Balita), donatedby Childfund

2. Counselings about ASI eksklusif for mother

3. Publishing handbooks about ASI eksklusif for cadres in 5 v illages

4. Counselings for pregnant women

5. Regularly immunization and Posyandu

6. Free circumcision (in Ujung Gagak Village)

7. Socialization for Desa siaga

8. Trainings about monitoring healthy living for cadres

2.2.3. Education Infrastructure

In education sector, YSBS has built many schools in many places in Cilacap. There are 26

schools has establised by YSBS. But none in Panikel. In Panikel, YSBS take role in

education improvement by holding many programs that concern on improving quality

of facilities and human resources. YSBS also help children to get scholarship. Childfund

Indonesia is the funder that is involved by YSBS to support school fee for poor children.

YSBS PROGRAMS IN EDUCATION1. Manajemen berbasis sekolah trainings for teachers from 5 elementary school as

a pilot project of Sekolah Rumah Anak (48 teachers from 5 SD in Panikel andUjunggagak were join)

2. Children workshop (study group and karawitan) once every 2 weeks

3. Counseling for teenagers (SMP students) about the impact of juvenile delinquency(in collaboration with Bapermas, KB, Kepolisian, Psikolog)

4. Workshop about the product of UU Perlindungan Anak dan perempuan (incollaboration with Bapermas Cilacap Region)

5. Sex education and counseling of reproduction health for teenagers


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CHAPTER III

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE

There are 2 PKD (Poliklinik Kesehatan Desa) available in Panikel Village. The area of observation

is one of two PKDs, that is located in Bugel sub-village.

3.1.1. Physical Condition, Capacity, and Function

Physical condition of PKD in Panikel Village is still very minimal. To support health

activities there are 1 examination room and 1 surgery room that also be an inpatient

room with 2 bed and 2 baby incubators. Until now there are not other supporting

facilities that support health activities.

Based on the capacity 1 PKD serves 1 village, consist of 5 small villages (dusun). If

viewed geographical condition and accessibility, the people where he lived much of

PKD would be difficult to reach these facilities. And if there is no specific handling by

the Government for additional support facilities, the people is far is not entirely enjoy

this facility.

Health programs on PKD Panikel are mostly specialized for baby and parents,

especially women. Such as Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) for children under

five (Balita), donated by Childfund Counseling about ASI exclusive for mother,

Publishing handbooks about ASI exclusive for cadres in 5 villages , Counseling for

pregnant women, etc . So that men get less benefit than women.

Figure 9. Inpatient room in PKD Panikel


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3.1.2. Governance and Delivery Mechanism

a. Governance

Poor people in Panikel Village get help by The Government in the form

JAMKESMAS as Insurance. JAMKESMAS is a social assistance program for health

care for the poor and can not afford that aims to improve access and quality of

health services. For administrative costs, people are charged Rp. 5000. For the

Institutional arrangement, Practice midwifes are commanded under health

department.

Medical personnel to serve all people in the Panikel village is only 1 midwife,

helped with several health cadres. A midwife have to be stand by 24 hours to help

people. Medical equipments are self-provided by the midwife.

b. Delivery Mechanism

For delivery mechanism aspect there are 3 problem. The problem is

The coverage area is too wide while there are limited number of human

resources. So that not all of the community can be served.

The number of examination room, surgery room and inpatient room sufficient

with the demand

Jamkesmas for poor people only can be claimed in PKD, it doesnt valid forhome-visit service.

All this have been changes in the health field, even with a very minimal

infrastructure conditions, where in 2010-2011 infant mortality and maternal at

0%.

3.1.3. Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation

a. Impacts

The impact of the given health infrastructure are:

Social :The existence of PKD increases prosperity, especially in the lives of

family and welfare for women and children.

Economy :Due to the increased level of public health and also productivity

rises

Environment :PKD is supposed to participate to keep the environment, but

quite the opposite is happening, PKD without IPAL is bad for the environment


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b. Responses

Gender issues become a problem in health infrastructure. Because only women

get more benefit from this infrastructure. and the Men were not fully served by

existing programs. The challenge is How to make health facilities that exist in the

Panikel Village can be beneficial for all societies, especially for male.

Is now a lot opportunities to develop PKD in the Village Panikel. One is

JAMKESMAS available to poor people. This program helps people in the village

panikel to more easily obtain health services. There are also Partnership between

midwife and dukun bayi . This system helps to reduce maternal mortality and

infant. In the event of childbirth, dukun bayi must wait for the arrival of the

midwife to carry out the birth process vice versa. If the system is violated, then it

would be penalized.

c. Adaptation

Community is willing to :

- Use PKD services and dukun bayi has left

- Be health cadres

- Active on posyandu

3.1.4.

Analysisa. Problem Tree Analysis

Problem and Objective Tress Analysis useful for identifying the root of the problem,

the core problem and the impact of the problems that arise. So be easy to make a

priority problem resolution formula of health that occurred in the village of Panikel,

Kampung Laut.


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Figure 10. Problem tree for health infrastructure in Panikel

In this problem tree analysis core problem is inequality in access to health facilities

between men and women as central point. With the core problems as the central

point, the other problems are grouped in hierarchical structure reflecting causal

relationships. In this way the problem environment is graphically displayed in a

Problem Tree, with causes forming the roots and the effects forming the branches.

Causes as root of the problem consist of:

- The involvement of Childfund that concern of the prosperity of mother and child

- Health facilities that available only PKD, without other facilities like pharmacy and

general practical doctor

- Prioritizing womens health only, indicate from PKD existence with a midwife

without mantri

Effects forming the branches contain of:- Men get less benefit than women

- Only child and women get benefit

- Low maternal mortality rate

- Productivity society be not maximum

- Health cadres only women


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b. Objective Tree Analysis

Subsequently, in Objective Analysis, the Problem Tree is transformed into a set of

future solutions to the problems. Each negative problem is converted into an

objective by rewording it as positive future statement.

Figure 11. Objective tree for health infrastructure in Panikel

Objectives followed by the causes:

- The involvement of other general funder not only Childfund that concern of the

prosperity of mother and child

- Completed the health facilities with other facilities, such as pharmacy and

general practical doctor

- Prioritizing not only womens health but also mens health, by providing mantr i

Effect logic expected on objective analysis :

- Equity between men and women- Men also get benefit

- Life expectancy is high for society

- Productivity society be maximum

- Health cadres not only women but also men


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c. Stakeholder Analysis

No. Stakeholder InterestsImportance/

interestInfluence/

power

1. Government ofCilacap

Reaching target for communitywelfare

Holding policies in regionallevel

High High

2. Minister of Health Reaching targets in health Performing control over funds

and activities Determining policies in health

(JAMKESMAS, JAMKESDA, etc )

High High

3. YSBS (Yayasan BinaSejahtera)

Having interest on gettingpublic image

Accompanying the community Bridging the community with

the funder Monitoring development

project

High High

4. Child Fund, Unicef,Misereor and othercitizenorganization/NGO

Having interest on gettingpublic image

Concerning to social,environment, andhumanitarian issues

Provide funding Monitong and evaluating the

project

Low High

5. Academics Institutional dedication Institutional learning Involving in research and

prefeasibility studies fordevelopment project

Low Low

6. Community ofKampung Laut,especially :

Communityleader

WOMEN Parents who

have children Elderly Local business Lower middle

income group Witchdoctor

As client , target and agent ofdevelopment

Delivering complaints Expressing desires for

development Fostering sense of belonging in

order to keep the facilitiesdeveloped

Providing assessments Getting an increase in welfare

High Low


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d. SWOT Analysis

The SWOT analysis for health infrastructure (PKD) in Panikel Village is shown on the

table below.

Strenghts (S) Weakness (W)

1. In 2010 and 2011 does nothappenmaternal mortality

2. Posyandu movement andactive extension

3. Midwives and cadres who areidle

1. Minimum support facilities(bed & medical equipment)

2. Minimum number ofmedical personnel

3. There is no otherhealthcare facility besidespkd

4. The lack of wastemanagement installations.

5. Many programs devoted towomen's health

Opportunities (O) SO Strategy WO Strategy1. Availability of health

insurance for the poor(Jamkesmas, Jamkesda,etc.)

2. The focus ofgovernment programsBali Ndeso Mbangun

Ndeso 3. Partnership with

midwife shaman baby4. PMT for Young children

(dari Child Fund)

1. Improving the quality ofspecific services for pregnantwomen

2. Ensures ease of service andbureaucracy for people whohave health coverage

3. Maintain cooperativerelationships betweenmidwives with TBAs

4. Optimizing the governmentto ensure health care inpanikel village

1. Improvement of healthfacilities (medicalequipment, beds,treatment rooms)

2. Develop training andmidwifery courses

3. Increasing the number ofmedical personnel(midwives, paramedics,village doctors, etc.)

4. Adding to such healthfacilities (dispensaries,clinics, posyandu, etc.)

5. Procurement of wastemanagement installations.

Threats (T) TS Strategy TW Strategy1. This type of epidemic

disease is different andfollow the seasons thatoccur

2. Accessibility is notoptimal

3. Abnormalities ofpregnancy and preterm/ premature

4. Disparity between menand women in receipt ofhealth services

1. Early counseling to deal withdiseases that come eachseason

2. Improvement of accessibilityby road and river.

3. Provision of ambulance orspeed boats are standby tobring patients

4. Socialization program formen, for example, counselingabout the dangers of drugs,alcoholic drinks, and

cigarettes

1. Raising public awarenessabout the importance ofwaste management.

2. Forming system of earlywarning about the dangersof infectious diseases

3. Growing sense ofbelonging to develpodpublic transport


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SWOT analysis is a method of strategic planning by evaluating the external and

internal factors based on existing conditions. Internal factors include the Strengths

and Weaknesses, While external factors include the Opportunities and Threats

Strategies formed in the health infrastructure is focused on :

1. Improved health facilities support facilities

2. Development of quality and quantity of medical personnel

3. Implementation of special programs for men's health

4. Developing Wastewater Management installation

5. Partnership between the Government and YSBS to develop Health

infrastructure.

e. Whole System Design

Whole System Design (WSD) consists of 4 phase, that are functional specification,

conceptual design, functional design, and engineering design. This method can be

used for formulating infrastructure development strategy with specific requirements

and consideration into the detailed criteria of development.

In this research, WSD only be done until the third phase, functional design, as the

development of ideas emerged from the goal, problems, and objectives of the

health infrastructure development program in Panikel for generating

recommendations.

Goal Generating equality in access for women and men to healthcare facilities

Problems 1. Minimum medical equipments2. Lack of human resources3. Healthcare programs are mostly prioritized on women and

children health

4. Jamkesmas only can be claimed directly in PKD, inapplicable forhome-visit service

5. Funder only concern on the prosperity of mother and child6. Health cadres only women

Objectives 1. Improving support facilities and medical equipments2. Increasing the number of doctors and midwives to serve wider

scale of service areaIncreasing the quality of service

3. Healthcare programs are also made for men4. Improving the provision of Jamkesmas and Jampersal5. More support funding from NGO that concern also to men


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health6. Triggering community (women and also men) to develop health

cadres

Identifying 5W + H

What Health facility that serves equally between men and womenWhy Besides mother and child health, men health also need more

attention, especially for lungs health

Who Men, women, and children of Panikel VillageWhere Panikel Village, serves whole area of 5 small villagesWhen 24 hours stand-by health servicesHow Providing more support facilities, such as clinics, pharmacy

More human resources (doctors and midwives) to serves widerarea of service

Involve funder which also concern on whole human health, formen and women

WSD Formulation

Functional Specification Conceptual Design Functional Design1. Sufficient facilities for

serving people in villagelevel

2. Healthcare programs formen must be included

3. Easy access to healthfacilities: low cost forpoor people, short traveltime

4. Integrated relationship

with other healthcarefacilities, such as pustu(puskesmas pembantu),puskesmas, and RSUD

5. 24 hours stand-by forhealth service

Equal accessibility tohealth facilities

between men andwomen

1. 1 PKD in every sub-village2. Beside PKD, pharmacy is

available in the sub-villagelevel

3. Pharmacy located nearbythe PKD

4. Theres a public health inevery sub-village forholding healthcareservices, counselings, and

training cadres5. Every PKD has minimal 1

doctor, 2 midwife, and 1mantri

6. Provide counselingprograms for men, e.gsunatan gratis, free

medical checkup


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3.2. EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE

There are 4 school available in Panikel Village, that are 2 elementary school (SD), 1 Madrasah

Ibtidaiyah (MI/ the same level with SD), and 1 junior high school (SMP). Early education for

children (PAUD/ Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) also has developed in this village. There are total 2

PAUD located in Bugel and Muaradua sub-village which serve 5 sub-village in Panikel.

The area of observation is in 2 educational facilities: PAUD Raudlatul Athfal and SDN 03 Panikel,

that are both located in Bugel sub-village.

3.2.1. Physical Condition, Capacity, and Function

Bugel sub-village is the nearest sub-village to the city. Therefore, this area has developed

more rapidly than other sub-villages in Panikel. Buildings for school are available with

permanent structures.

Figure 12. Building condition of PAUD Raudlatul Athfal

Figure 13. Building condition of SDN 03 Panikel

According to the observation to the location of PAUD Raudlatul Athfal and SDN 03

Panikel, the findings of physical condition, capacity, and function are described in the

table below.


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Description PAUD Raudlatul Athfal SD 03 Panikel

PhysicalCondition al

PAUD building is a rent house.Consist of two classes and outdoorplayground.

Consist of 6 classrooms , 1mushola , and 1 administrationsroom ( without library , UKS andlaboratory )

Capacity Serve 51 students in village level The school serves 202 students

Function PAUD is off on Wednesday andSaturday

Facilitate intra curricular andextracurricular activities

3.2.2. Governance and Delivery Mechanism

a. Governance


Regulation Operational of PAUD, thefinancing of teachers, andcurriculum developmentconducted cooperativelybetween the community andYSBS

Teachers are expected frombarchelor degree graduation

Educational Program for allschool-age children to attendschool is compulsory until 9 years(Wajar 9 tahun)

Institutionalarrangement

Non formal education underKementrian Pendidikan Nasionaland Ministry of Education inCilacap.

Take shelter under Departementof Education of Cilacap

Humanresources

Consist of 3 teachers. To improve quality, PAUD

teachers get training programsfrom YSBS.

Consist of 9 teachers, 1 principaland a custodian

Funding Monthly contributions charged tostudents Rp.8.000,-

Operational costs aresupported by BOS, while thescholarship comes from PSMand Childfund

Contributions for schooldevelopment Rp.100,000/year


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b. Delivery Mechanism


Efficiency

The number of teacher available still

not sufficient with the number ofstudent (Standard of number ofPAUD teacher, PeraturanMendiknas RI no. 58 tahun 2009)

People does not need to pay high toget the educational facilities,because of the financial assistanceof the BOS program

Effectivity

The function of PAUD is all at oncefacilitate kindergarten-age student,because kindergarten is notavailable in Panikel. Whileclassroom available is not meet thedemand of class, according to thedistribution of kindergarten level(TK A for age 3-4, TK B for age 5-6).

With minimum physical condition offacility, SDN Panikel 03 can facilitateeducation for school-age people inBugel

EquityAll children in age 1-6 can get earlyeducation through PAUD

After graduate from elementaryschool level, the poor generallycannot attend school to the nextlevel because of the matter offinancial

3.2.3.

Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation


Impacts Improving people awareness to theimportance of early education andpersonality development ofchildren

Easier access to education forthe people of the villagePanikel to attend school untilJUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Decreasing the number ofilliterate population

Decreasing the violence tochildren

Increasing creativity ofstudents, in art and english

Challenges How to develop PAUD in orderto be easily accessed from theaspect of finance and distance

How to attract local people toparticipate in PAUDdevelopment, especially inorder to support humanresources as teacher

How to increase the capabilityof local people in self-

Improving the quality of thecurriculum to catch up thenational education standards


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producing learning media forPAUD, so that it can be a newemployment opportunity forvillagers

Opportunity Theres no kindergarten in Panikel,therefore PAUD also take the roleof kindergarten

Scholarship from YSBS thatconnect with Childfund

Many potential areas thatcould be used as a learningmedia for students.

Adaptations Emerging aspirations fromcommunity for PAUDdevelopment

Several people give voluntarycontribution by becomingPAUD teacher, although itsonly earn low salary

Parents have willingness totake their children into PAUD,because the school fee is stillaffordable

public awareness of theimportance of education isincreasing

Students take advantages ofeducational facilities to study,develop skills and socializewith other students

Students still have willingnessto go to school although it isfar from home and not easy toaccess because of the badcondition of road

NGO YSBS support funding and takeeffort in improving quality ofteachers through trainingprograms

YSBS gives training toelementary school teachers asan effort to improve teacherquality

University Dedication of KKN student Dedication of KKN students

3.2.4. Analysis

a. Problem Tree Analysis

Problem and Objective Tress Analysis useful to help us identify the root of the

problem, the core problem and the impact of the problems that arise. So be easy to

make a priority problem resolution formula of education that occurred in the village

of Panikel, Kampung Laut.


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Figure 14. Problem tree for education infrastructure in Panikel

In this problem tree analysis, the core problem which is not all socioeconomic level

could able to access higher education is set as central point. With the core

problems as the central point, the other problems are grouped in hierarchical

structure reflecting causal relationships. In this way the problem environment is

graphically displayed in a Problem Tree, with causes forming the roots and the

effects forming the branches.

Causes as root of the problem consist of:

- Only scholarship from Childfund that available

- Difficulty of access and expensively transport cost

- Higher level school (such us SMP, SMA or SMK) located far outside the village

Effects forming the branches contain of:

- Less educated people

- The majority of community elementary school graduates

- Low socioeconomic groups choosing to work outside instead of continuing

education

- The community does not have much skills (only farming skills developed)

- Low socio-economic groups welfare not improved significantly


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b. Objective Tree Analysis

Subsequently, in Objective Analysis, the Problem Tree is transformed into a set of

future solutions to the problems. Each negative problem is converted into an

objective by rewording it as positive future statement.

Figure 15. Objective tree for education infrastructure in Panikel

Objectives followed by the causes:

- Scholarship from many resources

- Easy of access and cheaply cost transport

- Higher level school (such us SMP, SMA or SMK) available at the village

Effect logic expected on objective analysis :

- More educated people available

- The majority of community high level education graduates

- Low socioeconomic groups able to continuing education

- The community have much skills (such as skill to cultivation of sidat fish )

- Low socioeconomic groups welfare improved significantly


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c. Stakeholder Analysis

No. Stakeholder InterestImportance/

interestInfluence/

power

1. Government ofCilacap

Reaching target for communitywelfare

Holding policies in regional level

High High

2. Minister ofEducation andCulture

Reaching targets in education Performing control over funds

and activities Determining policies in

education

High High

3. YSBS (YayasanBina Sejahtera)

Having interest on getting publicimage

Accompanying the community Bridging the community with

the funder Monitoring development project

High High

4. Child Fund, Unicef,Misereor andother citizenorganization/NGO

Having interest on getting publicimage

Concerning to social,environment, and humanitarianissues

Provide funding Monitong and evaluating the

project

Low High

5. Academics Institutional dedication Institutional learning Involving in research and

prefeasibility studies fordevelopment project

Low Low

6. Community ofKampung Laut,especially :

Communityleader

WOMEN

Parents ofstudentsschoolstudents

Localbusiness

Lower middleincome group

As client , target and agent ofdevelopment

Delivering complaints Expressing desires for

development Fostering sense of belonging in

order to keep the facilitiesdeveloped Providing assessments Getting an increase in welfare

High Low


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d. SWOT Analysis

Strenghts (S) Weakness (W)

1. Classroom capacity2. Extracurricular activities

(Scouts and the arts)3. 2010-2011 graduation rate

is 100% of primary schoolstudents

4. The local potential for thedevelopment of fisheriessector (Sidat)

1. Minimum of supportfacilities (library, lab, UKS)

2. minimal amount ofLecturer

3. Low level of publiceducation

4. There is no high school orvocational low cost

Opportunities (O) SO Strategy WO Strategy1. Education was considered

important by the society2. The focus of government

programs Mbali NdesoMbangun Ndeso

3. The role of the existenceof "YSBS" as a foundationthat helps provideeducational assistance

and to Providescholarships

1. Increased number ofclassrooms toaccommodate students

2. Developing extracurricularactivities which focus onthe skills students

3. Developing 12-year studyprogram.

4. Developing of skills in the

field of fisheries

1. Improved support facilities(library, lab, UKS).

2. Procurement training toimprove the quality ofteachers

3. Increasing the number ofteachers (teacher) at theprimary level bygovernment programs

(Honorary, teacher aides)4. Developing and Vocational

High School in the VillagePanikel

Threats (T) TS Strategy TW Strategy1. The people with higher

education levels have lessawareness to re-build thevillage

2. Do not have an officialbuilding and still a rent(especially PAUD)

3. Accessibility is notoptimal

4. Many people is do notattend school and insteadchose to work

5. Lack of society skills.

1. Develop extracurricularprograms that optimize theuse of which educatedsociety

2. the provision of buildingofficial for PAUD

3. increased accessibility tothe location of the school

4. Informal training toimprove skills in the field offisheries

1. Opportunities for marinevillage society, to becometeachers.

2. Give priority to localpeople to be able to obtain

a scholarship in teachertraining department

3. Grow a sense of belongingin the society transportsector development


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The outline of SWOT Analysis in Educational Infrastructure in generating strategy:

1. Procurement of educational support facilities

2. Developing SMK that can be reached by the community to lower middle

economic levels

3. Improving the quality and quantity of Lecturer

4. Develop the human resources to local communities as teachers

5. Empowerment society skills to utilize the potential of SDA

6. Partnership between Government, YSBS and scholarship for the development of

education sector

e. Whole System Design

Whole System Design (WSD) consists of 4 phase, that are functional specification,

conceptual design, functional design, and engineering design. This method can be

used for formulating infrastructure development strategy with specific requirements

and consideration into the detailed criteria of development.

In this research, WSD only be done until the third phase, functional design, as thedevelopment of ideas emerged from the goal, problems, and objectives of the

education infrastructure development program in Panikel for generating

recommendations.

Goal, Problem, and Objective identification

Goal Generating equality between all socioeconomic level of society toaccess educational facilities

Problems 1. Minimum support facilities (no library, lab, and UKS)2. Lack of human resources for PAUD3. Students from low economic level are not able to continue their

study to the higher level of education (SMA/ SMK and college)because of the matter of finacial

4. The function of PAUD is all at once facilitate kindergarten-agestudent, because kindergarten is not available in Panikel. Whileclassroom available is not meet the demand of class, according tothe distribution of kindergarten level (TK A for age 3-4, TK B forage 5-6).


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Objectives 1. Improving support facilities and educational equipments2. Increasing the number and quality of human resources, especially

for PAUD3. Providing more scholarship for low economic level of students4. Improve PAUD into formal early education that consider to the

distribution of learning-age.

Identifying 5W + H

What Education facilities that affordable to low economic level of communityWhy Most low economic level of community in Panikel cannot continue to the

higher education because of the matter of financial

Who Students from low economic level families in Panikel Village who are

study in elementary school, junior high, senior high, or college.Where Panikel Village, whole 5 sub-villagesWhen EverytimeHow Open access for student from low economic level family to get

scholarship or support funding for higher education Scholarship sosialization and promotion in schools Registering and monitoring for low economic level students Provide information center for education and scholarship available

(through internet and students database in village level)

WSD Formulation

Functional Specification Conceptual Design Functional Design1. Sufficient facilities for

serving people in villagelevel

2. Easy access to

educational facilities:low cost for poorpeople, short traveltime

3. Sufficient number ofhuman resources ineducational activities

4. Integrated toinformation centerwhich providesstudents (school-age

Integratedinformation system

for educationalsector

Alternative #1: Integratedinformation system foreducational sector in Panikel 1. Improvement of support

facilities in every school(e.g library, lab, UKS,studio/ workshop)

2. Balai Desa has aninformation database forregistering data ofstudents from low-economic level families,which can be shared tothe donors of scholarship

3. The information center


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inhabitants) database,scholarship, andvacancies information

organized by villagersthrough RT/RW

4. The scholarshipinformation system can bebuilt with library in everysub-village, organized byteenager cadres.

Note: the concept set up froma consideration that theimprovement of schoolfacilities would increase cost.

Educational

facilities thataffordable to loweconomic level of

people

Alternative #2: Low school fee

and integrated educational facilities1. With minimum

improvement of supportfacilities in every school.Library, lab, and studio/workshop are providedwith integrated systembetween all leveleducation in village level

2. Since a school not able tobuilt library, 1 village has 1integrated library whichserves all level ofeducation, and can beopened for public

3. Perpustakaan kelilingcan be an alternative forserving people which

cannot reach the librarycenter4. Educational database

system avaiable tosupport information todonor/ funder


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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. Conclusion

4.1.1. Health

a. Through perspective of physical condition, health infrastructure in Panikel Village is

still lack of support facilities and equipments.

b. Government contribution to health infrastructure development in Panikel is too low.

Even the medical equipments have to be self-provided by the only midwive. YSBS

has contributed in providing sanitary and holding health program for improving

health of woman and children.

c. Because of the funder only concern in prosperity of mother and child, the health

infrastructure in Panikel Village only give advantages to women, while men are

excluded.

d. Health programs held in PKD have successfully decreased maternal mortality rate.

e. Villagers more rely on midwive service rather than dukun bayi.

4.1.2. Education

a. Education buildings are available for basic educational activities, but not yet provide

support facilities, such as library, and lab for further development of education

quality of people in Panikel.

b. Education infrastructures in Panikel are still lack of human resources. The number of

teacher for PAUD is not sufficient with the number of students.

c. The benefits of education infrastructure in Panikel Village can only enjoyed by

community with middle to higher social-economic level.d. The number of people in Panikel who attend higher education (SMA/SMK and

college) are still low because of the matter of financial and no SMA/ SMK available in

Panikel.

e. Only students from middle to high economic level that are capable to continue their

education to the higher level. While the middle level and below prefer to work

outside the region rather than continuing education.


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4.2. Recommendation

According to the findings and analysis, the recommendations for health and education

infrastructure are:

4.2.1. Health

a. To develop the health sector development effort is required which is holistic,

encompassing the sectors other than health are especially emphasized on

improving the quality of the means of transport.

b. In the development of health necessary involvement of all stakeholders the related

including the government , private and NGOs, academic s and local community,

especially men.

c. Optimize completeness and service facilities, were both the quantity and quality of

human resources, completeness facility, completeness equipment, and ease

bureaucracy health insurance available.

d. Increase number of PKD in accordance with the demand of the range of service

areas.

e. Increase integrated relationship with all healthcare facilities, such as pustu

(puskesmas pembantu), puskesmas, and RSUDf. Promoting the community about the importance of fostering awareness in

maintaining of the health environment and installing sewerage system (IPAL) in

health facilities.

g. In addition to the above recommendations, some programs will also favor the

proposal presented in access equallity of health facilities for each gender:

Jimpitan program as a substitute for health insurance

Socialization program for men, for example, counseling about the dangers of

drugs, alcoholic drinks, and cigarettes.

Provide not only midwives, but also mantri

4.2.2. Education

a. For the realization of Justice in education facilities, especially utilization of

equalization for low socioeconomic groups required cooperation among all

stakeholders involved. Especially in an attempt to increase the delivery of

information, scholarship opportunities.


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For Example:

Balai Desa has an information database for registering data of students from

low-economic level families, which can be shared to the donors of scholarship

The information center organized by villagers through RT/RW

The scholarship information system can be built with library in every sub-

village, organized by teenager cadres.

b. To support the growing education an unrealizable attribute on all societies need to

emphasis the ease of transport, road repair, and cheaper transportation cost.

c. Complete the educational facilities that have been available with a competent and

qualified teacher as well as a means of supporting a complete minimal compliance

with the standard.For Example:

Improvement of support facilities in every school (e.g library, lab, UKS, studio/

workshop)

d. Provide informal vocational education (for example training for cultivation of sidat

fish in junior high school)

e. The main constraint that cause the inability to access higher education (SMA and

College) is the high living cost and school utilities. It would be better if SMA/ SMKalso developed in Panikel.

f. Provide Perpustakaan keliling


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REFERENCES

Sulistiono. 2011. Social Capital and Rural Road Development, A Case of Kampung Laut, Cilacap .Yogyakarta: Thesis Universitas Gadjah Mada.

http://cilacapkab.bps.go.id/dokumen/html/stat_kecamatan/121%20Kplaut/index_121.htm

http://okelife.blogspot.com/2009/12/profil-wilayah-kampunglaut.html

http://regional.infogue.com/jawa_kemarau_krisis_air_bersih_terjang_cilacap_selatan

http://rehab.ditptksd.go.id/index.php?module=profilsekolah&func=main&startnum=701&kd_pro=03&kd_kota=&nss=&nama_sekolah=

http://www.cilacapkab.go.id/v2/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=944
http://cilacapkab.bps.go.id/dokumen/html/stat_kecamatan/121%20Kplaut/index_121.htmhttp://okelife.blogspot.com/2009/12/profil-wilayah-kampunglaut.htmlhttp://regional.infogue.com/jawa_kemarau_krisis_air_bersih_terjang_cilacap_selatanhttp://rehab.ditptksd.go.id/index.php?module=profilsekolah&func=main&startnum=701&kd_pro=03&kd_kota=&nss=&nama_sekolah=http://rehab.ditptksd.go.id/index.php?module=profilsekolah&func=main&startnum=701&kd_pro=03&kd_kota=&nss=&nama_sekolah=http://www.cilacapkab.go.id/v2/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=944http://www.cilacapkab.go.id/v2/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=944http://rehab.ditptksd.go.id/index.php?module=profilsekolah&func=main&startnum=701&kd_pro=03&kd_kota=&nss=&nama_sekolah=http://rehab.ditptksd.go.id/index.php?module=profilsekolah&func=main&startnum=701&kd_pro=03&kd_kota=&nss=&nama_sekolah=http://regional.infogue.com/jawa_kemarau_krisis_air_bersih_terjang_cilacap_selatanhttp://okelife.blogspot.com/2009/12/profil-wilayah-kampunglaut.htmlhttp://cilacapkab.bps.go.id/dokumen/html/stat_kecamatan/121%20Kplaut/index_121.htm

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