AHVLA London 14/11/2011. Confirmed Disease 2000-2008.

AHVLA AHVLA London 14/11/2011London 14/11/2011

Confirmed Disease Confirmed Disease 2000-20082000-2008

International Disease International Disease MonitoringMonitoring

Defra monitors the occurrence of major animal disease

outbreaks worldwide as an early warning to assess the

risk these events may pose to the UK

Disease PreventionDisease Prevention

Work on legal and illegal imports; surveillance in the UK

and elsewhere in the world; farm health planning;

biosecurity; livestock movement controls and keeper

vigilance, trying to decrease the risk of exotic notifiable

diseases occurring and spreading in UK.

Imports and intra Imports and intra community tradecommunity trade

Monitor animal diseases across the world (particularly

those affecting trading partners and countries bordering

the EU), that would have a significant impact if introduced

into the UK and produce preliminary outbreak

assessments or full qualitative risk assessments to assist

decision-making by those responsible for biosecurity,

surveillance, disease preparedness and enforcement.

National Reference National Reference LaboratoriesLaboratories

Are responsible for the provision and interpretation of

diagnostic and surveillance testing as well as disease-

specific expert knowledge in relation to the application

of laboratory tests, epidemiology and control measures.

Suspicion of DiseaseSuspicion of Disease

Local response by

AHVLA Office

Where can a notification of suspicion come from?

Official Veterinarian

(OV)

General Public,

Local Authority,

Abattoirs etc

Animal Health

Tracing request

Animal Health Office

Report Case Consultation

Case

(Unless the OV has left the

premises, then it will be

managed as a Report

case)

Tracing request

(Due to suspicion or

confirmed disease

elsewhere)

Initial Notification)

EXD40: Report Form – Veterinary Inquiry

Note:

An EXD40 Report Form - Veterinary Inquiry, is used to record the

vital information following notification of suspicion of disease.

Upon notification the Duty VO will open this Report Form , for a Report Case only, by completing Part One.

The Field VO will complete Part Two to Part Nine (As required).

Epidemiology VO/Team will complete Part Ten.

Basic Process MapNotifiable (Animal) Disease (Continued)

Notification of Suspect

Animal Disease

Office Staff



Animal Disease

Update AHDO staff

on task

Office Staff



Animal Disease

Update AHDO staff

on task

Update Operational

Partners

Office Staff

How do we communicate Notifiable (Animal) Disease Messages

Remember: We will aim to communicate with Operational Partners through a minimum of three methods

Notification of Suspicion of Disease to Operational Partners Form

Notification Format:

This form out lines in basic format the information required to be passed to Operational Partners following initial notification of Suspicion of Disease.

Note: If this form is completed electronically or manually it will form part of the audit / file created for this investigation.

NDI 1: Notification Disease Investigation

NDI 1:

VENDU are responsible for completing and distributing the NDI 1 Form.

This form contains the key information gathered by the AHDO and notes the action required by the Responding Office. This form will be updated IF Disease Can Not Be Ruled Out and Samples Taken.

In addition VENDU will apply a Disease Investigation Reference Number and this will then be quoted on all forms:

NDI/Year/Numerical Number (NDI/2009/001, 002 etc)



Animal Disease

Update AHDO staff

on task

Update Operational

Partners

Office Staff Field Veterinary Officer

Dispatched


Assesses Situation and

Reports to VENDU

Disease Can Not be

Ruled Out

Disease Ruled

Out

Disease

Confirmed


Animal Disease

Update AHDO staff

on task

Update Operational

Partners

Office Staff Field Veterinary Officer

Dispatched

Note:

VENDU: Veterinary Exotic Notifiable Disease Unit

Disease Ruled

Out

Disease Can Not be

Ruled Out

Disease

Confirmed

Return to Normal Duties

Disease Ruled

Out

Disease Can Not be

Ruled Out

Disease

Confirmed

Samples collected for

analysis


Planning: Sample Movement Plan

Sample Movement Plan:

Depending upon the disease suspected, samples will be transported

by the fastest means possible. This may involve appointing a

Sample Movements Officer to carry the samples to the designated

laboratory.

Consider:

1. An officer at the gate to collect/move samples

2. Other transport means Air (Escort Officer) or Courier service.

Planning: Surveillance 3 Km Protection Zone (PZ)

10 Km Surveillance Zone (SZ)

Planning for LDCC Surveillance:

The LDCC Surveillance team plan in detail action required for the 3 Km PZ and the 10 Km SZ actions for Contiguous Premises, Stock and No Stock visits.

Note:

An EXD 1 Restriction Notice is served upon a Premises where Disease is Suspected. This form can be served by a Veterinary Officer or a auhtorised Inspector, however a Veterinary Officer MUST conduct the investigation into disease.

EXD1: Restriction Notice – Suspicion of Disease

IP

Disease

On

Disease

Off

EXD40

DC

High

Risk of

Spread

High

Risk of

Source

Source Spread

Other

Tracings

Other

Tracings

Planning: Tracing & Dangerous Contacts (DCs)

Disease Ruled

Out

Disease Can Not be

Ruled Out

Disease

Confirmed

Samples collected for

analysis


Disease Ruled

Out

Disease

Confirmed

Return to Normal Duties Establish Local Disease

Control Centre (LDCC)

Note: Disease will not be Confirmed on Farm in Clean Country, samples will be sent

for analysis first.

LDCCLDCC

White to Red Status

Amber TeleconferenceAmber TeleconferencePurpose is to inform all concerned of the situation,

assess the risk and agree on next steps.

Chaired by the CVO (UK) and follows a standard agenda.

CVO may agree to confirm disease (raising the alert

status to Red) or specify what further evidence, such as

test results, would be needed.

Future actions and communications based on the

emerging situation.

RestrictionsRestrictions

Infected/Suspected Premises and Affected

Area

RestrictionsRestrictionsA report of suspicion of exotic notifiable disease triggers an official investigation by AHVLA that will place temporary statutory restrictions on that premises

The restrictions may apply to the whole premises or just to individual animals, usually include a ban on the movement of susceptible animals on and off the suspect premises and may include restrictions on other things liable to transmit disease

During the suspicion phase of certain diseases (e.g. Avian Influenza, Foot and Mouth Disease, African Swine Fever) a Temporary Control Zone (TCZ) may also be declared around the premises under suspicion

Confirmation of DiseaseConfirmation of DiseasePrevent Spread of DiseasePrevent Spread of Disease

Taking action on the Infected Premises (IP) and other affected premises where disease is most likely to exist

Imposing wider area based controls as required by legislation including animal movement controls (in the case of FMD in particular, GB administrations may impose national movement restrictions on susceptible animals);

Restricting activities that might increase the risk of spread

Confirmation of DiseaseConfirmation of Disease Prevent Spread of DiseasePrevent Spread of Disease

Placing controls on animal products; Considering export bans;

Investigating the origin of the disease and determining whether there has been further spread of disease from that source

Other surveillance to investigate possible further spread of disease.

Actions on IPActions on IP

The rules concerning the premises will be set out in the notice served on the animal keeper and also any licence will specify conditions permitting movements onto and off the premises or restricted place.

As an additional precaution, rights of way (e.g. footpaths, bridleways, etc.) that cross the premises would normally be closed.

During the suspicion phase of certain diseases, a Temporary Control Zone (TCZ) may be declared around the premises under suspicion.

Premise Restrictions

Action on Surrounding Action on Surrounding AreaArea

Upon confirmation of most exotic notifiable diseases a

Protection Zone (PZ), surrounded by a larger Surveillance

Zone (SZ) would be imposed around the Infected

Premises (IP) by Statutory Order. To reflect the increased

risk of transmission of disease, controls within the PZ

would be more stringent that those within the SZ. In the

case of Rabies, an infected area may be imposed by

Statutory Order that could be sub-divided into further

zones, each with their own set of controls.

Actions on Surrounding Actions on Surrounding AreaArea

For those diseases where confirmation would not result

in a PZ and SZ being imposed, legislation and the

relevant disease control strategy, provides for other

types of controlled zones to be imposed.

Their main objective is to reduce the risk of disease spreading beyond the known affected area.

TCZ (Temporary Control TCZ (Temporary Control Zone)Zone)

Imposes specific measures and be of a size considered necessary to reduce the risk of or prevent the spread of disease.

For FMD, the TCZ would typically have a minimum radius of 10km.

A further movement control zone may also be established depending on the disease, restricting the movement of animals in a wider area.

The TCZ would be removed if the suspect case tests negative or is converted to Protection and Surveillance Zones by Statutory Order if tests are positive and disease is confirmed.

PZ and SZPZ and SZProtection Zone (PZ) Radius of not less than 3 kilometres from the IP. It may be necessary for the PZ to be a different shape, for example, if disease can be spread by vectors or likely to be windborne, to take into account the size and shape of the wind plume under which animals may have been exposed to disease.

Provided there were no further cases and all the required surveillance has been carried out within the PZ, normally 21 days after completion of preliminary disinfection of the IP, the PZ can be merged with the SZ, with some relaxation in the controls in the original PZ area so they are equivalent to those of the SZ.

PZ and SZPZ and SZSurveillance Zone (SZ)

Radius of not less than 10 kilometres from the IP.

Provided there are no further cases and all the required

surveillance has been carried out, the surveillance zone will

be lifted, usually not less than 30 days after the completion of

preliminary cleansing and disinfection on the last infected

premises within the PZ.

Controls and Restrictions Controls and Restrictions PZ and SZPZ and SZ

The controls vary depending on which disease is involved and are set out in the relevant Statutory Order declaring the zones.

Controls are primarily focused on the movement of animals

Legislation includes controls on vehicles, fomites, meat, animal products and on the carcases of animals.

Animal keepers within the control zones may be required to carry out additional biosecurity measures and report any suspicion of disease.

Controls and Restrictions Controls and Restrictions PZ and SZPZ and SZ

AHVLA will carry out surveillance (clinical inspection,

examination and possibly sampling for laboratory testing) in

the areas to demonstrate that disease has not spread.

In extensive outbreaks or incidents, where there may be a

large number of PZ and SZ areas declared, the areas may

overlap to form a very large PZ and SZ which may increase

the time required to carry out the required surveillance to

demonstrate freedom.

Lifting of Restrictions

EXD2(FMD) restrictions remain in place until either:

• The premises have been restocked and the animals show no signs of disease on clinical inspections and from latest on samples.

Or

• A longer period of time has elapsed after which restrictions are revoked and you may stock without licensing, inspections and sampling.


EXD8(FMD) restrictions remain in place until either:

• A minimum period of time has elapsed since they were exposed to possible infection

Or

• If the animals present have not shown any signs of disease and any samples taken are all negative.


Premises in Protection and Surveillance Zones

• The restrictions on these premises cannot be lifted until there is confidence that no disease is present, either on the premises or elsewhere within the Zones.

• Regular inspections will take place from the time the disease is suspected.


• The PZ cannot be merged with the surveillance zone until at least 15 days after preliminary cleansing and disinfection of the IP and then only if no disease is suspected or confirmed and the results of any samples taken are all negative.

• The SZ must remain in force for at least another 15 days although again it will remain in force if further disease is suspected or confirmed in the area.

Tracings

As a result of the veterinary investigation, other premises may be identified where the disease may have come from (source) or gone to (spread). These premises could be many miles from the IP. They will be placed under EXD 8(FMD).

If the level of exposure is not deemed high enough to warrant culling, the animals will remain under restriction using Form EXD8(FMD). They will be regularly inspected for signs of disease.

Tracings

If, following a Veterinary Inspection, it is considered very likely that animals have been exposed to disease and will probably develop clinical signs, they will be valued and culled as quickly as possible.

These premises are known as Dangerous Contacts (DC) and an EXD2(FMD) Restriction Notice will be served on them.

Tracings

C & D usually involves cleaning areas and equipment

with approved disinfectants but can also include the

premises (or parts of the premises) remaining under

restrictions for a long period, possibly up to 12 months to

allow natural virus decay.

This may be an option if you do not wish to undertake

usual C & D.

FMD EU Legislation

Council Directive 2003/85/EC lays down rules for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease including Vaccination and includes:

Compulsory notification of suspicion of disease

Eradication measures to be imposed on infected premises, including movement restrictions and slaughter Imposition of a protection zone of at least 3km, and a surveillance zone of at least 10km around each infected premises

FMD EU Legislation

Council Directive 2003/85/EC lays down rules for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease including Vaccination and includes:

Imposition of controls on the movement of susceptible stock within both zones

Permitting emergency vaccination.

The provisions of the directives have been implemented in domestic legislation.

FMD Domestic Legislation

Animal Health Act (AHA)1981

1.Orders in England and Wales are made under The Animal Health Act 1981 (as amended).

2. The powers of the 2002 amendment to the Animal Health Act 1981 apply to Foot and Mouth Disease in England and Wales.

3. The 2005 amendments apply and require slaughter of susceptible stock on an Infected Premises though there are some exceptions.


Foot and Mouth Disease Orders 2006 (FMD Orders)

1. There are separate Foot and Mouth Orders in each administration:The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (England) Order 2006 The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Scotland) Order 2006 The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Wales) Order 2006


Control of Vaccination Regulations 2006

1. In addition to the FMD Orders each administration provides for Vaccination:England - The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Control of Vaccination) (England) Regulations 2006 Scotland - The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Slaughter and Vaccination) (Scotland) Regulations 2006 Wales - The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Control of Vaccination) (Wales) Regulations 2006


The Export and Movement Restrictions (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) Regulations 2007

1. These regulations implement the SCOFCAH decision and came into effect on 19 November.

Example of Initial 48 hrs

Questions?Questions?

Thank youThank you

AHVLA London 14/11/2011. Confirmed Disease 2000-2008.

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Transcript of AHVLA London 14/11/2011. Confirmed Disease 2000-2008.