Lesson objectives

1. State the conditions required for Plantation Agriculture and High Technology farming.

2. Describe and explain the process of Plantation Agriculture and High -Technology farming.

3. List the outputs for Plantation Agriculture and High – Technology farming.

Conditions for farming

Plantation Agriculture eg Malaysia

High-Technology farming eg Singapore

Sunlight/ Rainfall High temperature , high rainfall, high humidity e.g. tropical countries like Thailand, Malaysia, India

Relief Flat and large land area Flat and small land area

Soil Fertile Soiless / Soil

Fertiliser Chemical fertiliser Organic fertiliser

Tools Intermediate High technology

Capital High Higher

Seeds High Yielding Variety High Yielding Variety

Pesticides / Herbicides

Yes Yes & No (Organic)

Labour A lot of hired laborers to operate machineries

Educated & skilled workers to operate computers

DefinitionThe use of modern science and technology to obtain high quantity

and high quality outputs.

Characteristics Usually take place around densely populated urban areas where

land is limited and costly.

High-technology - using machines, refrigerated vehicles, computers and Research & Development to raise production

Uses Chemical fertilizers - adding essential nutrients for crops to grow well and fast

Utilizes Irrigation - supplying water to the crops through automated sprinklers at regular intervals

Hydroponics – plants are grown in a trough filled with a nutrient solution instead of soil. The solution is added by using a computer with timings.

Aeroponics – roots of the plants are suspended in the air and nutrient solution is sprayed onto the roots at preset intervals.

Aeroponics

Automated sprinklers Greenhouse with netting

Hydroponics

Spraying pesticides using aircraft

Spotlight to speed up growing process

Outputs of High-Technology farming

1. Organic & healthier vegetables

2. Orchids farm

3. Fish farm

Definition

Commercial cultivation of cash crops (normally monocrop) on large estates of more than 40ha under favourable climatic conditions

Requires high annual rainfall and high annual temperature

Found in the tropical regions in Asia, South America and Africa

1) Germination (grow)

~ in small plastic bags in pre-nursery beds

2) Transplanting

~ after 8 weeks/ 2 months

~ seedlings transplanted to nursery

~ irrigation & weeding – done manually

3) Growing in main fields

~ after 9 months

~ seedlings arranged in rows

~ growing cover crops between rows of oil palm eg. Legumes to prevent soil erosion

~ weeding & adding fertilisers

4) Harvesting

~ after the 3rd or 4th year – bear 1st fruits

~ harvest once in 10 days (10-20 years – perennial crops)

~ use a chisel fitted to a wooden pole

Processes - Growing oil palm

The oil palm fruit

Using a long-handled chisel to remove the

fruits

Refinery of palm oilAt the Processing

Factory

Oil Palm Plantation Tea Plantation

Outputs of oil palm plantation

1. oil palm fruit

2. crude palm oil (raw materials for soap, margarine, cooking oil)

3. palm kernal oil

4. palm kernal cake - made into animal feed