Agriculture. The cultivating of land, producing crops, and raising livestock for human consumption.
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Transcript of Agriculture. The cultivating of land, producing crops, and raising livestock for human consumption.
agriculture
•The cultivating of land, producing crops, and raising livestock for human consumption
archipelago
•A group or chain of islands
Bushido
• code of conduct for Samurai and nobles
during Japanese feudalism
Caste System
• rigid social class system in Hinduism
centralized government
• a government which controls all aspects of society from a central
location or through a central system
chivalry
• code of conduct for knight and
nobles during European feudalism
Crusades
• European Christian military expeditions made between
the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern
Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims
cultural diffusion
• The spreading of ideas through contact •such as trade or war
democracy
• A system of government in which the citizens hold the
legislative, judicial, and executive power, based on
majority rule
divine right
• The justification of monarchy through the word
of God
dynasty
• A succession or series of rulers of a country from the
same family
encomienda system
• A system of production in Spain’s New World possessions
w
• granted permission to conquistadors to enslave as
many people needed to work a plantation
ethnocentric
• A belief in the superiority of a certain ethnic group or
race
famine
• Widespread hunger caused by the near or complete
lack of food
feudalism
• A social, political, and economic system that
dominated all aspects of medieval European life
golden age
• A time of high achievement in arts, literature, and science in a culture
• Generally occurs in times of peace
hieroglyphics
• system of writing which uses pictures for concepts and
ideas
humanism
• A philosophical movement during the Renaissance
• stressed life on Earth, and the quality of being human
• Rejected living only for the afterlife
jihad
• Religious duty of
Muslims to defend the Islamic faith
Magna Carta
• A document granting basic rights in England
• signed by King John in 1215
• considered to be the beginnings of British democracy
Mecca
• city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a
pilgrimage at least once in their life
merchant
• a person who sells goods or services
• a member of the middle class in most societies
mercantilism
• The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports.
• Colonies are instrumental in this policy as
they supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce
finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies.
• Colonies not only served as a source for
the raw materials, but also as an exclusive market for the parent country
militarism
• Political policy that is dominated by the military
and the competitive buildup of arms
monarchy
• A political system in which
a country is ruled by a monarch
• The head of state has
complete power
monotheism
• belief in one god
natural resources
• Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing
–such as wood, coal, and oil
Neolithic Revolution
(10,000 - 8,000 BCE)
• development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source
• led to the development of permanent settlements and
the start of civilization
parliament
• A government's legislative body
persecution
• Treating a person, or a group of people unfairly or cruelly due to ethnic background, gender, or other difference
pilgrimage
• A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site
polytheism
• belief in many gods or goddesses
Protestant
• Member of Christian religious sect which formed during the
Protestant Reformation• Protestants reject the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church
reincarnation
• The rebirth of a soul into another body
revolution
• a dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government
rigid social class system
• A social class system where there is no mobility
• A person remains in the same class their entire life
Roman Catholic
• A branch of Christianity based in Rome
• The original Christian church
Silk Road
• Trade route from China to the Middle East
• Called the Silk Road due to China’s most
important export
terrace farming
• The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming
• appear as steps cut into a mountainside
• allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations
Triangle Trade
• A catch all phrase for the trade occurring between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• Trade goods include raw materials from the Americas, manufactured goods from Europe, and slaves from Africa
urbanization
• The movement
of people to urban areas in search of
work
westernization
• To adopt western ideas and culture