Agriculture - | Ministry of Finance | Government of Pakistan |

17

Agriculture

The agriculture sector continues to be an essential component of Pakistan’s economy. It currently contributes 21 percent to GDP. Agriculture generates productive employment opportunities for 45 percent of the country’s labour force and 60 percent of the rural population depends upon this sector for its livelihood. It has a vital role in ensuring food security, generating overall economic growth, reducing poverty and the transforming towards industrialization. The present government is determined to improve the quality of life of the people and to banish hunger and malnutrition from the country by making agriculture an efficient, productive and profitable sector of the economy.

In order to improve governance in the public sector the government took bold steps and brought in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of 1973. Accordingly, Ministries performing tasks which were provincial subjects were devolved from the Federal level, including the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. However, realizing the food security concerns across the country the government took timely steps to establish the Ministry of National Food Security and Research to tackle the Food Security issues.

The newly created Ministry, under the aegis of the present government, has planned to take two major steps in order to solve the food security issues on a permanent basis. The first step is the establishment of the National Food Security Council representing Federal, Provincial and local level Governments. Secondly, through a Letter of Intent the Ministry, in collaboration with World Food Programme, is launching the Zero Hunger Programme worth US $

1.6 billion to address the food security objective. Under this Programme the Ministry shall donate up to 500,000 metric tons of wheat per year and the World Food Programme intends to negotiate with local producers to exchange part of the donated wheat for High Energy Biscuits (HEB) and similar products manufactured in Pakistan factories for distributions through WFP operations to primary school children, siblings of malnourished children and the vulnerable populations especially children at risk of malnutrition. The fund will also be converted to fortified wheat flour for distributions aimed at combating food insecurity in Pakistan. The WFP will also cooperate in the capacity building of the Ministry’s officials in areas addressing food security and monitoring progress.

Flooding in 2011, affected crops like rice, cotton and sugarcane, although in the current year, 2011-12, they performed well and provided support and continued to support food security objectives this year. The agriculture sector recorded a growth of 3.1 percent in 2011-12. The profitability of agriculture sector during 2011-12, remained high because the farmers received good prices for rice, cotton and sugarcane, which allowed for greater financial resources passed on to the rural economy.

Recent performance

During 2011-12, the overall performance of agriculture sector exhibited a growth of 3.1 percent mainly due to positive growth in agriculture related subsectors, except minor crops. Major crops accounted for 31.9 percent of agricultural value added and experienced a growth of 3.2 percent in fiscal year 2011-12 with negative growth of 0.2 percent in 2011. The significant growth in major crops is contributed by rice, cotton and sugarcane

Chapter 2

Pakistan Economic Survey 2011-12

18

by 27.7 percent, 18.6 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively.

Table 2.1: Agriculture growth percentages from 2005-2012 Year Agriculture Major Crops Minor Crops Livestock Fishery Forestry 2005-06 6.3 -3.9 0.4 15.8 20.8 -1.12006-07 4.1 7.7 -1.0 2.8 15.4 -5.12007-08 1.0 -6.4 10.9 4.2 9.2 -13.02008-09 4.0 7.8 -1.2 3.1 2.3 -3.02009-10 0.6 -2.3 -7.7 4.3 1.5 2.22010-11 2.4 -0.2 2.7 4.0 1.9 -0.42011-12(P) 3.1 3.2 -1.3 4.0 1.8 1.0Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics P:Provisional

Minor crops contributed 10.1 percent value addition in agriculture and exhibited a negative growth of 1.3 percent in 2011-12 against 2.7 percent growth of 2011. The Livestock sector, which has a 55.1 percent share in the agriculture, grew by 4.0 percent in 2011-12. The Fishery sector grew by 1.8 percent as against last year’s growth of 1.9 percent. Forestry sector posted a positive growth of 1.0 percent this year as compared to negative growth of 0.4 percent last year.

Pakistan has two crop seasons, "Kharif" being the first sowing season from April-June and it is harvested during October-December. Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, mung, mash, bajra and jowar are “Kharif" crops. "Rabi", the second

sowing season, begins October-December and is harvested in April-May. Wheat, gram, lentil (masoor), tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard are "Rabi" crops. These crops make Pakistan an agricultural country and its performance is dependent upon timely availability of irrigation water. During 2011-12, the availability of water as a basic input for Kharif 2011 (for the crops such as rice, sugarcane and cotton) has been 10 percent less than the normal supplies but 13 percent higher than last year’s Kharif 2010 season. The water availability during Rabi season (for major crop such as wheat), is estimated at 29.4 MAF, which is 19.2 percent less than the normal availability, but 15 percent less than last year’s Rabi crop (Table 2.2).

Table 2.2: Actual Surface Water Availability (Million Acre Feet)

Period Kharif Rabi Total %age incr/decr. Over the Avg.

Average system usage 67.1 36.4 103.5 -2003-04 65.9 31.5 97.4 - 5.92004-05 59.1 23.1 82.2 - 20.62005-06 70.8 30.1 100.9 - 2.52006-07 63.1 31.2 94.3 - 8.92007-08 70.8 27.9 98.7 - 4.62008-09 66.9 24.9 91.8 -11.32009-10 67.3 25.0 92.3 -10.82010-11 53.4 34.6 88.0 -15.02011-12 60.4 29.4 89.8 -13.4Source: Indus River System Authority I. Crop Situation

Major crops, such as wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane account for 91 percent of the value added in the major crops. The value added in major crops accounts for 32 percent of the value added in

the agriculture. Thus, four major crops (wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane) on average, contribute 29 percent to the value added in overall agriculture and 6.0 percent to GDP. The minor crops account for 10.1 percent of the value added in overall

agriculturagriculturcombinedTable 2.3:

Year

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12(P)

Source: PaP: Provisio

a) Major i) Cotton

Cotton isignificanby providindustry, accounts agricultur12, the cthousand (2689 threported (July-Marthe last ybales. Tproductioncontrol ovvirus (CL Table 2.4:

Year

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(P) Source: PakP: Provisio

re. Livestock ral value add contribution Production o

(0

akistan Bureau onal (July-Marc

Crops: :

is an impntly contributding raw msurh as cottofor 7.8 pe

re and 1.6 percrop was cult

hectares, 5.4housand hectat 13.6 millirch) 2011-12,ear’s producthe increase n is attributever widespreaLCV) and su

Area, Produ

(000

kistan Bureau onal (July-Marc

contributes dded–much mn of major anof Major Crop

Cotton 000 bales)

13,019 (-8.7)

12,856 (-1.2)

11,655 (-9.3)

11,819 (1.4)

12,914 (9.4)

11,460 (-11.3) 13,595 (18.6)

of Statistics ch), Figures in

ortant cashtes to the nat

material to thon lint as an ercent of varcent of GDPtivated on an percent mortares). The ion bales dur, higher by 18tion which w

in cultivaed to the usead attack of ucking pests

uction and YieArea

0 Hectare) 3054 2820 3106 2689 2835

of Statistics h)

55.1 percent more than tnd minor cro

ps

Sugarcane

44(

54(2

63(1

50(-249

(55(1

58

n parentheses ar

h crop whitional econom

he local textexport item.

alue added P. During 201n area of 28re than last ye

production ring the peri8.6 percent ov

was 11.5 milliated area ae of BT cottocotton leaf c

s which help

eld of Cotton

% Change - 0.7-7.710.1

-13.45.4

to the ops

(41.9major c

e R

4,666-5.5)

4,74222.6)3,92016.8)0,04521.7)9,373-1.3)

5,30912.0)8,038(4.9)

re growth/decl

ich my tile . It

in 11-835 ear

is iod ver ion and on,

curl ped

increasyear. Tthe last2.1.

Pro(000 Bales)

11651181129111461359

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

Figu

percent). Thcrops is docum

Rice

5,547(10.4)5,438(-2.0)5,563(2.3)

6,952(25.0)6,883(-1.0)4,823

(-30.0)6,160(27.7)

ine rates

se in yield peThe area, prodt five years is

duction % Chang

55 -191460 -195 1

000

500

000

500

000

500

000

07-08

ure 2.1: Cotton P

he productionmented in Ta

(i

Maize

3,110(11.23,088(-0.73,605(16.73,593(-0.33,26(-9.23,707(13.74,27(15.2

er hectare asduction and ys given in Ta

ge (Kgs/He9.31.49.3

11.318.6

08-09 09-10

Production (00

Agricu

n performancable 2.3.

in thousands of

Wheat

0 2) 8

7) 5

7) 3 ) 1

2) 7

7) 1

2)

s compared tyield of cotto

able 2.4 and F

Yield ec) % Cha

649 713 707 724 815

10-11 11-12

0 bales)

Source: P

ulture

19

ce of

f tons)

t

21,277(-1.6)

23,295(9.5)

20,959(-10.0)24,033(14.7)

23,311(-3.0)

25,214(8.2)

23,517(-6.7)

o last on for Figure

ange -8.79.9

-0.82.4

12.6

(P)

PBS

Pakistan E

20

World Co

The produ

Table 2.5: ProductionChina India USA Pakistan Brazil UzbekistanOthers World TotConsumptiChina India Pakistan East Asia/AEurope & TBrazil USA Others World TotSource: PaE: Estimate

ii) Sugarc

The sugarand is userefined suagricultur

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

Fig-2.2

Economic Sur

otton Outloo

uction and con

Production a

n

n

al ion

Australia Turkey

al akistan Central ed, P: Provisio

cane:

rcane crop is ed as a raw mugar and gur.re and GDP

07-08 08-0

2: Sugarcane PTons

rvey 2011-12

ok

nsumption of

and Consumpt200

Cotton Commonal

the second mmaterial in th. Its share in P is 3.7 an

09 09-10

Production (0s)

2

f major cotton

tion of Major 09-10

6.95.12.62.01.10.83.2

22.1

10.14.32.31.81.51.00.73.3

25.3mittee, M/O Tex

major cash crhe production

value addedd 0.8 perce

10-11 11-12(P)

000

Source: PBS

n growing cou

Cotton Grow20

9218650719852917

103039865502773636xtile Industry

rop of

d in ent,

respectof 1,04last ySugarcestimatyear’s an incrlast yeproducyear’s encourcrop. Hwith lafloods Sugarcposted negativproducwater lower sugarca2.6 and

)

untries are giv

wing Countries010-11 E

6531104

25

94211003

24

tively. Sugarc46 thousand hyear’s level cane productted at 58.0 mproduction orease of 4.9 pear. The maiction are luc

produce andraged the farmHowever, the ast year, pos

of 2010 ecane crop, an

a growth ove 0.9 perctivity gain creceded verySindh. The ane for the lad Figure 2.2.

ven in Table 2

s (in

6.405.763.941.911.960.914.225.10

9.594.482.201.751.490.960.853.174.49

cane was culhectares, 5.9 p

of 988 thion for the

million tons, f 55.3 millionpercent over in factors cocrative markd timely avamers to growyield per he

sted a negatnhanced thed as a result,f 6.9 percenrcent this

could not be y slowly in area, produc

ast five years

2.5.

n Millions of To2011-12 P

2

2

ltivated on anpercent higherhousand hec

year 2011-in contrast t

n tons. This sthe producti

ontributing tket prices ofailability of iw more sugaectare, if comive growth.

e soil fertilit, yield per he

nt as comparyear. How

sustained besugarcane ar

ction and yieare given in

ons)

7.405.693.392.352.000.885.28

26.96

9.384.562.331.631.460.900.703.01

23.96

n area r than

ctares. 12 is to last shows ion of to the f last inputs arcane

mpared The ty of ectare red to wever, ecause rea of eld of Table

Table 2.6:

Year

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(PSource: PaP: Provisio

iii) Rice:

Rice rankcrops in Pforeign exgrows a hdemand apercent opercent othousand year’s 23the crop ipercent mlast year. increase ishown imcompared Table 2.7:

Year

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(PSource: PaP: Provisio

iv) Whea

Wheat is populationIts impoformulatin12.5 perc2.6 percenof 8666 tdecrease

Area, Produc

(000 H

) akistan Bureauonal (July-Marc

ks as second aPakistan and ixchange earnihigh quality oand also for f the value af GDP. The hectares, 8

65 thousand is an estimate

more than the4This increasein area sownmproved gro

d to -14.6 p

Area, Produc

(000 He

) akistan Bureauonal (July-Marc

t:

the basic sn and largest ortance is ng agriculturent to the vant to GDP. Wthousand hectof 2.6 perce

ction and YielArea

Hectare) %1241 1029 943 988

1046 u of Statistics ch)

amongst the sit has been a ings in recentof rice to fulfexports. Ric

added in agrisown area f

.7 percent mhectares. Th

ed 6160 thou4823 thousande in area is dun. The yield powth of 17ercent last y

ction and YielArea

ectare) % 2515 2963 2883 2365 2571

u of Statistics ch)

taple food fograin sourcealways recral policies. lue added in

Wheat is cultivtares in 2011ent over last

ld of Sugarcan

% Change 20.6

-17.1-8.44.85.9

taple food gramajor sourcet years. Pakistfill the domesce accounts 4iculture and for rice is 25more than le production

usand tons, 27d tons produc

ue to 8.7 perceper hectare h

7.5 percent year. The ar

ld of Rice

Change (-2.617.8-2.7

-18.08.7

for most of te of the countognized wh

It contribuagriculture a

vated in an ar1-12, showing

year’s area

ne Produ

(000 Tons) 6392050045493735530958038

ain e of tan stic 4.9 1.0

571 last

of 7.7 ced ent has

as rea,

producare sho

Produ(000 Tons)

55636952688348236160

the try. hen utes and rea g a of

8901 tmillion12. Thnegativpercentthe sowwater governRs. 10

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

Figu

uction % Change

16-21-112

4

ction and yielown in Table 2

ction % Change

2.325.0-1.0

-30.027.7

thousand hecn tons is estimhe yield per ve growth of t growth last wing of wheaand other c

nment has incr050. This ste

500

000

500

000

500

000

500

07-08

ure 2.3: Rice P

(Kgs/Hec.8 51.7 48.3 52.0 55.9 55

ld of rice for 2.7 and Figur

(Kgs/Hec3 20 20 20 27 2

ctares. The pmated during

hectare in 4.2 percent ayear. This is at was delayeclimatic factoreased the proep would he

08-09 09-10

Production (0

Agricu

Yield c.) % Cha1507 8635 2357 5981 5486

the last five re 2.3.

Yield c.) % Cha212 346 387 039 396

production ofJuly-March 22011-12 posas compared due to the faced due to staors. Recentlyocurement pr

elp the farme

10-11 11-

00 Tons)

Source

ulture

21

ange -3.2-5.67.76.9

-0.9

years

ange 5.06.11.7

-14.617.5

f 23.5 2011-

sted a to 11

ct that anding y the rice to ers to

12(P)

e: PBS

Pakistan E

22

increase realized in

The overafarmers produced increase pcotton andrain affectdemonstra

Table 2.8:

Year

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12(PSource: PakP:Provision v) Other

During 20by 15.2 pby 5.7 pegram, thewhere pragainst 49

Table 2.9:

Crops

Kharif Maize Bajra Jawar Rabi Gram Barley Rapeseed &Tobacco Source: PaP: Provisio

Economic Sur

its production the later par

all decrease faced in thduring last y

predispositiond reducing thted districts oated in Table

Area, Produc

(000 he

) kistan Bureau onal(July-March

Major Crop

011-12, the prpercent, whileercent. This e largest Rabroduction sto96 thousand

Area and Pro

(0

& Mustard

akistan Bureauonal (July-Marc

rvey 2011-12

on and its irt of 2011-12.

in area is duhe disposal year. Farmersn of growing he area of BTof Sindh This 2.8 and Figur

ction and YielArea

ectares) %8550 9046 9132 8901 8666

of Statistics h)

s

roduction of me rapeseed anis in contrasbi pulses croood at 291 tons of last y

oduction of Ot201

Area 000 hectares)

974 548 229

1054 77

203 51

u of Statistics ch)

2

impact will .

ue to probleof the wh

s then beganearly sown B

T cotton sown phenomenonre 2.4.

ld of Wheat

% Change -0.35.81.0

-2.5-2.6

maize increasnd mustard rost to crops liop in Pakistthousand to

year, showing

ther Major K10-11

Productio(000 tons)

3703414

497

1710

be

ms eat to BT

n in n is

Produ(000 tons)

2095924033233112521423517

sed ose ike an, ns, g a

reductimainlyThe otbarley 12.1 ppercentthe corproduc

Kharif and Rab

n )

Are(000 hec

074641

96717603

1700

1900

2100

2300

2500

2700

Fig 2

uction % Change

-1014.-3.8

-6.

ion of about y because of uther crops lialso, witness

percent, 8.7 t, respectivelrresponding p

ction of major

bi Crops 2011-12 (P

ea ctares)

P(

1083458214

105575

21347

00

00

00

00

00

00

07-08

2.4: Wheat Pro

(Kgs /Hec.0 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.7 2

41.3 percenunfavorable wike bajra, tosed a declinepercent, 2.8

ly, in 2011-1period last yr crops are giv

P) Production (000 tons)

4271304137

29170

18694

08-09 09-10

oduction (000

Yield c.) % Cha

2451 2657 2553 2833 2714

nt during 20weather condiobacco, jaware in producti percent and2 as compar

year. The areven in Table 2

% Changproduction

Last yea

4 7

0 6 4

10-11 11-1

0 Tons)

Source:

anges -9.88.4

-3.911.0-4.2

11-12 itions. r and ion of d 1.4 red to a and 2.9.

e In n over ar

15.2-12.1-2.8

-41.3-1.45.7

-8.7

12 (P)

PBS

Agriculture

23

b) Minor Crops i) Oilseeds

The major oilseed crops grown in the country include sunflower, canola, cottonseed, rapeseed and mustard. Although the cotton crop is grown for its lint, cottonseed contributes 50 to 60 percent of local edible oil production. At present, total requirement of edible oil in the country is 2.045 million tons. During the year 2010-11, the total availability of edible oil was 3.079 million tons; of which local production contributed 0.696 million tons (34 percent of the requirement); while imports of edible oil or oilseeds was 2.383 million ton. The import bill reached Rs. 224 billion (US$ 2.611 billion) in 2010-11.

It is estimated that 10 percent of the total availability of edible oil is consumed in industries like cosmetics, paints and other allied products. Around 200,000 tons of edible oil is exported, mainly to Afghanistan. This does not include smuggling through porous borders which is not accounted for.

During the year 2011-12 (July-February) 1.467 million tons of edible oil worth Rs. 145 billion (US$ 1.654 billion) was imported. Local production during 2011-12 was 0.636 million tons. The area and production of oilseed crops during 2010-11 and 2011-12 is shown in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10: Area and Production of Major Oilseed Crops Crops 2010-11 2011-12 (P)

Area Production Area Production (000 Acres) Seed

(000 Tons) Oil

(000 Tons) (000 Acres) Seed

(000 Tons) Oil

(000 Tons) Cottonseed 6,450 2,934 352 6,958 3,212 385Rapeseed/ Mustard 439 157 50 575 203 61

Sunflower 1,108 643 244 877 473 179Canola 223 131 50 27 30 11Total 8,230 3,865 696 8,437 3,918 636Source: Pakistan Oilseed Development Board P: Provisional (July-Feb)

ii) Other Minor Crops:

The production of mung and potato has increased by 22.0 percent and 17.5 percent, respectively during, 2011-12. However, the production of chillies, onion, masoor (lentil) and mash decreased by 78.3 percent, 15.4 percent 12.8 percent and 3.5

percent, respectively. The area sown for masoor, onion and chillies decreased by 13.8 percent, 14.9 percent and 65.7 percent, respectively. There was an increase of area sown for mung and potatoes by 2.5 percent and 16.2 percent, respectively. The area and production of minor crops are given in Table 2.11.

Table: 2.11 Area and Production of Minor Crops

Crops 2010-11 2011-12(P) %Change In

Production Area (000 hectares)

Production (000 tons)

Area (000 hectares)

Production (000 tons)

Masoor 26.1 13.3 22.5 11.6 -12.8Mung 137.4 76.2 140.8 93.0 22.0Mash 24.5 11.3 24.5 10.9 -3.5Potato 159.3 3491.8 185.1 4104.4 17.5Onion 147.6 1939.6 125.6 1640.0 -15.4Chillies 63.6 171.7 21.8 37.2 -78.3Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics P: Provisional (July-March)


24

II. Farm Inputs i) Fertilizer:

Fertilizer is Pakistan’s most important and expensive input in agricultural production. The contribution of balanced fertilizer use towards increased yield varies from 30 to 60 percent in different crop production areas of the country. One kg of fertilizer nutrient produces about 8 kg of cereals (wheat, maize and rice), 2.5 kg of cotton and 114 kg of stripped sugarcane. All of Pakistan’s soils are deficient in nitrogen (N), 80 to 90 percent are deficient in phosphorus (P), and 30 percent are lacking in potassium (K). The wide spread deficiency of micronutrients is also appearing in different areas. Lands used for single crops are depleting soil fertility because lands are using only certain essential plant nutrients and are intensely cultivated. When these soils go without being replenished, future crops are threatened from loss of micronutrients and other essential plant nutrients.

The domestic production of fertilizers from July-March, 2011-12 declined by 1.4 percent when compared to the last year’s production. The fertilizer industry experienced a curtailment of

natural gas (the raw material for urea) and some urea plants produced less than their production capacity. However, a timely import of urea addressed the absence in supply and total availability of fertilizer increased by 16.3 percent. Despite the increased supply of urea, total consumption of fertilizer reduced by 4.9 percent. Nitrogen consumption increased by 0.3 percent while that of phosphate decreased by 22.3 percent and potash by 36 percent. Details of fertilizer production are presented in Table 2.12.

The major reason for reduced fertilizer consumption was the effect of heavy and destructive rains in the Sindh province during the monsoon season in 2011, which adversely affected crop lands. Another reason for the reduction in consumption of fertilizer was the increase in price of all fertilizers. The prices of urea went up by 81.4 percent in July-March, 2011-12 as compared to the same period of the last fiscal year. The prices of DAP, CAN and NP also increased by 38.8 percent, 75.5 percent and 45.7 percent, respectively, over the same period last year.

Table: 2.12 Production and Off-take of Fertilizers (‘000’ Nutrient Tons)

Year Domestic Production

% Change Import %

Change Total % Change Off-take %

Change 2007-08 2822 - 876 - 3698 - 3581 -2008-09 2907 3.0 568 -35.1 3475 -6.0 3711 3.62009-10 3082 6.0 1444 154.2 4526 30.2 4360 17.52010-11 3076 -0.2 645 -55.4 3721 0.6 3933 -9.82010-11 P 2287 - 532 - 2819 - 3064 -2011-12 P 2255 -1.4 1024 92.6 3279 16.3 2913 -4.9Source: National Fertilizer Development Centre P : Provisional (Jul-March)

ii) Improved Seed:

Quality seed is also an essential input for improving yield in Pakistan. Seed has a unique position among the other various agricultural inputs because the effectiveness of all other inputs depend primarily on the potential of the seeds. Seed is a high technology product and is an innovation readily adapted for Pakistan’s climate. Improving access to good quality seed is a critical

requirement for sustainable agricultural growth and food security. Effective use of improved and certified seed can result in higher agricultural production, which leads to increased net incomes of farming families. This is the desired positive impact of improved seed for greater rural development. Hence the availability of quality seed of improved varieties is essential to achieve production targets.

Agriculture

25

During July-March, 2011-12 about 361.0 thousand tons of improved seed of various Kharif/Rabi season crops were procured. The procurement of seeds for various Kharif crops (cotton, paddy, maize, mung bean, etc) is currently underway. The details of this procurement are demonstrated in Table 2.13.

The Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department (FSC&RD) is engaged in providing seed certification coverage to public and private sector seed companies of the country. It provides seed quality control services through its 28 seed testing laboratories as well as monitoring of seed quality in the market. The activities and achievements of the department during 2011-12 are described below:

During the year 2011-12, forty-five (45) new seed companies were registered, making the total number of registered seed companies in the country 774, which includes four public sector and five multinational companies.

Twenty-two (22) new crop varieties were approved {(5) wheat, (11) cotton, (3) oilseeds, (2) pulses and (1) fodder}.

During 2011-12, different crops offered by the various seed agencies, totaling 502.6 thousand

acres, were inspected for certification purposes.

A total quantity of 361.0 thousand MT seeds of various corps were sampled and tested for purity, germination and seed health purposes.

Pre and post control trials of all pre-basic, basic seed lots and 20 percent of certified seed lots were carried out in the fields to determine the quality of seed distributed by various seed agencies.

Under the provision of the Seed Act, five cases were filed in different courts of law against the seed dealers found selling substandard seeds.

During 2011-12, a total of 13.7 MT of imported seed of various crops and hybrids, with a total value of Rs. 3287.6 million, was tested under the Seed (Truth in Labelling) Rules. 1991 at the port of entries i.e. Lahore and Karachi.

Almost 718 samples of seed and propagating material of various vegetable and fruit crops were tested at the Central Seed Testing Laboratory, Islamabad for detection of fungal and viral disease using latest diagnosis techniques and protocols.

Table 2.13: Seed Availability* (Metric Tons) Crop Local Imported Total Wheat 319890.0 0.0 319890.0Cotton 1649.8 0.0 1649.8Paddy 22749.6 2657.1 25406.7Maize 1372.9 3739.3 5112.2Pulses 1189.0 0.0 1189.0Oilseeds 23.5 328.7 352.2Fodders 11.4 1473.6 1485.0Vegetables 256.0 564.6 820.6Potato 145.0 4963.6 5108.6Total 347287.2 13726.9 361014.1Source: Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department * : July-March 2011-12

iii) Irrigation

Universally an efficient irrigation system is a pre-requisite for higher agricultural production as it

helps in increasing crop intensity, an aim Pakistan hopes to achieve throughout the country. Despite the existence of a good irrigation canal network in Pakistan, large amounts of water are wasted in the


26

irrigation process because of improper lining of waterways. Rainfall recorded during the monsoon

and winter season is presented in Table 2.14.

Table 2.14: Rainfall* Recorded During 2011-12 (in Millimetres) Monsoon Rainfall*

(Jul-Sep) 2011 Winter Rainfall* (Jan-Mar) 2012

Normal 137.5mm 70.5mmActual 236.5mm 34.2mmShortage (-)/excess (+) + 99.0mm -36.3mm% Shortage (-)/excess (+) +72.0 % -51.4%Source: Pakistan Meteorological Department * : Area weighted

During the monsoon season, (July-September), the normal average rainfall 137.5 mm, while the actual rainfall received in 2011 was 236.5 mm, indicating an increase of 99.0 percent. During the winter, (January-March), normal average rainfall during this period is 70.5 mm and the actual rainfall received in 2012 was 34.2 mm,, indicating a decrease of 51.4 percent under the normal rainfall average.

The canal head withdrawals in April-September 2011 increased by 13 percent and stood at 60.4 million acre feet (MAF) as compared to 53.4 MAF during the same period last year. During the second planting season, October-March, 2011-12, the canal head withdrawals declined to 29.4 MAF, compared to 34.6 MAF during the same period last year. The Province-wise details are given in Table 2.15.

Table 2.15: Canal Head Withdrawals (Below Rim Station) Million Acre Feet (MAF)

Provinces Kharif

(Apr-Sep) 2010

Kharif (Apr -Sep)

2011

% Change in Kharif 2011

over 2010

Rabi (Oct-Mar)

2010-11

Rabi (Oct –Mar)

2011-12

% Change in Rabi 2011-12 Over 2010-11

Punjab 29.00 34.29 18 18.73 17.61 -6Sindh 22.61 23.29 3 14.51 10.13 -30Balochistan 1.21 1.86 54 0.88 1.12 27KPK 0.60 0.96 60 0.48 0.56 17Total 53.41 60.40 13 34.59 29.42 -15Source: Indus River System Authority

To address the water sector issues, strategies and future water sector policy, an integrated water resource management approach, guiding principles of equity, efficiency, participatory decision making, sustainability and accountability have been adopted. The strategy is focused on priority investments in the water sector to achieve additional water storages and reorganization for effective and responsive institutional reforms. Water availability is continuously diminishing. The challenge is to formulate an effective implementation of a comprehensive set of measures for the development an efficient management of water

resources. The focus areas of investment in the water sector are:

a. Augmentation of surface water resources by construction of storage small/medium dams.

b. Conservation measures, or the lining of irrigation channels, included modernizing and rehabilitating irrigation systems, lining of waterways and enhancing efficiency by rehabilitating and improving the operation of the existing system.

c. Protection of infrastructure from onslaught of floods and water logging and Salinity.

d. Introduction of high efficiency irrigation systems i.e. sprinkler and drip.

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It is expected about Rs. 30.00 billion would be utilized on the water sector’s programmes under the Ministry of Water and Power for 2011-12. The

following major water sector projects are demonstrated in Table 2.16.

Table: 2.16: Major Water Sector Projects under Implementation Projects Location Total

App.cost (Rs. In million)

Live Storage (MAF)

Irrigated Area

(Acres)

Latest Status (Expected up to June 2012)

Gomal Zam Dam Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

12,829 0.892 1, 91,139 75 % Physically completed

Greater Thal Canal * Punjab 30,467 - 1,739,000(3 Phases)

Phase-I, completed

Rainee Canal * Sindh 18,862 - 412,400(3 Phases)

94 % Physically completed Phase-I

Kachhi Canal * Balochistan 31,204 - 713,000(3 Phases)

62 % Physically completed Phase-I

Raising of Mangla Dam

AJ&K 62,553(O)97,000 (B R)

2.90 All over Pakistan

Physically completed

Satpara Dam Multi- purpose

Skardu 4,397 0.05 15,536 Physically completed

Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD) RBOD-I RBOD-II RBOD-III

Sindh Sindh Balochistan

14,70729,0146,535

88% Physically Completed65% Physically Completed75% Physically Completed

Source: Planning & Development Division, Planning Commission * Progress of all three canals is for Phase-I, whereas app. cost is reflected for total project, Revised cost of all three canals is un-approved, submitted for approval to P&D Division

Water Sector Programmes during (2011-12)

These programmes are:

Completion of phase-I of the Greater Thal Canal, substantial completion (60 percent) of Kachhi Canal in Balochistan and Rainee Canal (92 percent) in Sindh for irrigating 2.9 million acres.

Completion of Mangla Dam Raising Project for additional storage of 2.9 MAF and additional power generation of 644 GWh.

Completion of Satpara Dam in Gilgit Baltistan for irrigation of 15,536 acres of agriculture land and 17.3 MW power generations.

Substantial completion of Gomal Zam Dam Project in Tribal/ Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) area for irrigation of 1, 91,139 acres of agriculture land and generation of 17.4 MW power

Rs. 1,800 million is expected to be utilized on lining various irrigation channels in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa during the year 2011-12.

An amount of Rs. 1,600 million is expected to be utilized during the year 2011-12 on improvement of existing irrigating system in Punjab, Sindh, KPK and Balochistan.

More than Rs. 2.00 billion is expected to be utilized on construction of new small to medium sized dams across Pakistan; (Winder, Darwat, Nai Gaj and Naulong dam).

In Balochistan, about Rs. 3.00 billion are expected to be spent on the construction of new small, delay action dams and improvement of existing irrigation system and flood schemes.

In the drainage sector, continued fast track implementation of the RBOD-1, II & III projects hope to protect and reclaim 4.90 million acres of irrigated land.


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iv) Agricultural Credit:

The role of credit is instrumental in the agriculture sector where Pakistani farmers often lack finances necessary for carrying out vital farming activities. This issue, if not addressed, can cause a multitude of problems, ranging from the exploitation of poor farmers at the hands of informal sources of credit, to a slowdown in the adoption of modern farming techniques and inputs, resulting in slow development of this chief sector of our economy.

The Government of Pakistan and the SBP is cognizant of the centrality of access to agriculture credit in the growth of the agriculture sector, and they have been making all efforts for the promotion and development of agricultural finance in the country at affordable prices. As a result, the flow of credit to agriculture sector from banks is showing improvement. A well-established network of lending institutions operates to meet the financial requirements of farmers in the rural areas. Currently 26 commercial and microfinance banks, with around 3,900 agriculture designated branches, are facilitating farmers by extending agriculture credit throughout the country. These include; ABL, Habib Bank Limited (HBL), Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), United Bank Limited (UBL), two specialized banks, viz, Zarai Tarqiti Bank Limited (ZTBL), Punjab Provincial Corporative Bank Limited (PCBL), and 14 private domestic banks. Furthermore, five microfinance banks (MFBs) are also providing financing to farmers. These banks provide credit to the farming community for all types of farming activities such as growing crops, livestock, poultry, fisheries, orchards, forestry, nurseries, apiculture and sericulture.

The increasing demand for credit is due to an array of factors, such as the rising pressure from the quickly expanding population. Credit on food resources and high prices of agriculture inputs, and the reasonable prices of agricultural commodities are attracting investment into Pakistan’s agriculture sector. The Agricultural Credit Advisory Committee (ACAC) has allocated an indicative agriculture credit disbursement target of Rs. 285 billion for 2011-12 as compared to the target of Rs. 270 billion; (fixed for last year and the actual credit disbursement of Rs. 263 billion during 2010-11). Out of the total amount of agricultural credit disbursed, Rs. 195.1 billion was allocated to Commercial Banks, Rs. 70.1 billion to ZTBL, Rs. 12.2 billion went to the Microfinance Banks, (five MFBs included since July 2011), and Rs. 7.6 billion was allocated to the Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank Limited (PPCBL). During July-March, 2011-12 five major banks, as a group, disbursed Rs 107.7 billion or 76.3 percent of their whole year’s targets. ZTBL disbursed Rs 37.9 billion or 54 percent of its targets and Domestic Private Banks (DPBs) disbursed Rs 37.3 billion or 69 percent of their targets. MFBs disbursed Rs 8.5 billion or 69.9 percent of their target and the PPCBL disbursed Rs 6.0 billion or 79.1 percent of its allocated target.

During the period July-March, 2011-12, bank disbursement to the agriculture sector surged by 17 percent on a year-to-year basis to Rs 197.4 billion, or 69.2 percent of the target, of Rs. 285 billion. This goes in contrast to the disbursement of Rs 168.7 billion during corresponding period last year. The details are presented in Table 2.17.

Table 2.17: Supply of Agricultural Credit by Institutions (Rs. in Billion)

Year ZTBL Commercial Banks PPCBL

Domestic Private Banks

MFBs Total

Rs. Billion %Change

2006-07 56. 5 80.4 8.0 24.0 0.0 168.8 22.82007-08 66.9 94.7 5.9 43.9 0.0 211.6 25.32008-09 75.1 110.7 5.6 41.6 0.0 233.0 10.12009-10 79.0 119.6 5.7 43.8 0.0 248.1 6.52010-11 65.4 140.3 7.2 50.2 0.0 263.0 6.02010-11 P 37.4 93.3 4.4 33.7 0.0 168.7 -2011-12 P 37.8 107.6 6.0 37.3 8.5 197.4 17.0Source: State Bank of Pakistan. P: Provisional (July – Mar)

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Box-1 Credit Disbursement to Farm and Non-Farm Sector

The sector-wise classification reveals that the share of the non-farm sector showed healthy growth and its share in overall agriculture credit disbursement rose to 36.3 percent in March, 2012. During the period under review Rs 125.64 billion was disbursed to the farm sector while credit disbursement to non-farm sector stood at Rs 71.73 billion. Last year, an amount of Rs 110.46 billion or 65.5 percent was extended to farm sector and Rs 58.23 billion or 34.5 percent was disbursed to non-farm sector.

Sector 2011-12 2010-11 July-March 2011 July-March 2010

A Farm Credit 125.64 110.46 1 Subsistence Holding 70.83 65.97 i Production 68.60 63.97 ii Development 2.23 2.82 2 Economic Holding 33.82 28.68 i Production 33.04 27.94 ii Development 0.78 0.74 3 Above Economic Holding 20.98 15.81 i Production 19.07 15.09 ii Development 1.91 0.72 B Non-Farm Credit 71.73 58.23 1 Small Farms 19.02 12.67 2 Large Farms 52.71 45.56 Total (A+B) 197.36 168.69 Source: SBP

III. Forestry

During the year 2011-12, forests have contributed 92 thousand cubic meters of timber and 262 thousand cubic meters of firewood as compared to 91 thousand cubic meters timber and 261 thousand cubic meters firewood in 2010-11.

IV. Livestock and Poultry A. Livestock

The livestock sector occupies a unique position in the National Agenda of economic development of the present government. The sector provides a net source of foreign earnings. Historically livestock has been the subsistence sector dominated by small holders to meet their needs of milk, food security and daily cash income. Therefore, livestock is considered a more secure source of income for the small farmers and landless poor; and, is a source of

employment generation at the rural level. It also helps to reduce income variability, especially in cases of crop failure due to a variety of causes. Livestock is central to the livelihood of the rural poor in the country and can play an important role in poverty alleviation. It can uplift the socioeconomic condition of Pakistan’s rural masses. The livestock population for the last three years is given in Table 2.18.

Livestock contributed approximately 55.1 percent to the agricultural value added and 11.6 percent to national GDP during 2010-12, against 54.6 percent and 11.6 percent during the same period last year. Gross value added of the livestock sector at constant factor cost has increased from Rs. 672 billion (2010-11) to Rs. 700 billion (2011-12); showing an increase of 4.0 percent as compared to previous year.


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Table 2.18: Livestock Population (Million Nos.)Species 2009-101 2010-111 2011-121 Cattle 34.3 35.6 36.9Buffalo 30.8 31.7 32.7Sheep 27.8 28.1 28.4Goat 59.9 61.5 63.1Camels 1.0 1.0 1.0Horses 0.4 0.4 0.4Asses 4.6 4.7 4.8Mules 0.2 0.2 0.2Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research 1: Estimated Figure based on inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 & 2006

The major products of livestock are milk and meat. The production of these products for the last three years is given in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19: Milk and Meat Production Species Units 2009-101 2010-111 2011-121 Milk (Gross Production) 000 Tons 44,978 46,440 47,951Cow " 15,546 16,133 16,741Buffalo " 27,848 28,694 29,565Sheep2 " 36 36 37Goat " 739 759 779Camel2 " 808 818 829Milk (Human Consumption)3 000 Tons 36,299 37,475 38,690Cow " 12,437 12,906 13,393Buffalo " 22,279 22,955 23,652Sheep " 36 36 37Goat " 739 759 779Camel " 808 818 829Meat4 000 Tons 2,965 3,095 3,232Beef " 1,655 1,711 1,769Mutton " 603 616 629Poultry meat " 707 767 834Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research 1: The figures for milk and meat production for the indicated years are calculated by applying milk production parameters to the projected population of respective years based on the inter census growth rate of livestock census 1996 & 2006 2 : The figures for the Milk production for the indicated years are calculated after adding the production of milk from camel and sheep to the figures reported in the livestock census 2006. 3 : Milk for human consumption is derived by subtracting 20% (15% wastage in transportation and 5% in calving) of the gross milk production of cows and Buffalo. 4 : The figures for meat production are of red meat and do not include the edible offal’s. The production of other livestock products over the last three years is demonstrated in Table 2.20. Table:2.20 Estimated Livestock Products Production Species Units 2009-101 2010-111 2011-121 Eggs Million Nos 11,839 12,457 13,144Hides 000 No's 13,040 13,481 13,938Cattle " 6,496 6,741 6,995Buffalo " 6,445 6,640 6,842

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Table:2.20 Estimated Livestock Products Production Species Units 2009-101 2010-111 2011-121 Camels " 99 100 101Skins 000 No's 47,402 48,478 49,582Sheep Skin " 10,495 10,620 10,745Goat Skin " 23,061 23,685 24,237Fancy Skin " 13,846 14,173 14,509 Lamb skin " 3,117 3,154 3,192 Kid skin " 10,728 11,019 11,318Wool 000 Tons 42.0 42.5 43.0Hair " 22.6 23.2 23.8Edible Offal’s " 334 344 353Blood " 56.8 58.3 59.8Guts 000 No's 47,886 48,974 50,089Casings " 13,879 14,347 14,832Horns & Hooves 000 Tons 48.1 49.5 50.9Bones " 713.4 735.1 757.5Fats " 228.1 234.8 241.7Dung " 1,008 1,039 1,071Urine " 311 320 329Head & Trotters " 208.2 214.0 220.1Ducks, Drakes & Ducklings Million No’s 0.6 0.6 0.5Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research 1 ; The figures for livestock product for the indicated years were calculated by applying production parameters to the projected population of respective years Consequent of 18th Constitutional Amendment, the subjects of animal health and production have been delegated to the provinces. The Ministry of National Food Security and Research created a “Livestock Wing”, delegating the following roles:

1. Co-ordination of foreign aid and technical assistance in the livestock sector and related fields.

2. Animal Quarantine Departments/ stations/ facilities located anywhere in Pakistan.

3. Veterinary drugs, vaccines and animal feed additives.

a. Import and export.

b. Procurement from abroad for federal requirement and for interprovincial supplies.

4. Livestock, poultry and livestock products;

a. Import and export.

b. Laying down national grades.

The population growth, increase in per capita income and the potential for export is fueling the

demand of livestock and livestock products. The rise in production cost has increased the retailer’s and consumer’s price index for milk, yogurt, meat, eggs, and other items. The overall livestock development strategy resolves to foster “private sector-led development”, with the public sector providing an enabling environment through policy interventions and playing a capacity building role for improved livestock husbandry practices. The emphasis will be on improving per unit animal productivity and moving from subsistence to market oriented and then to commercial livestock farming in the country to meet the domestic demand and surplus for export.

The Livestock Wing with its redefined mandate continued regulatory measures that included allowing import of high yielding animals, semen and embryos for crossbreeding. It also included duty free import of veterinary dairy and livestock machinery/equipment, allowing import of feed inputs, and vaccines at zero rates. In order to reduce input costs in livestock/poultry feed production, certain feed ingredients, growth promoters and vitamin premixes have been zero rated. Sales tax exemption has been allowed to


32

uncooked poultry meat; processed milk, yogurt, cheese and flavoured milk, butter and cream in order to encourage establishment of a value added industry in the country. More than 9500 exotic animals, 318,768 semen doses and 4300 embryos of high yielding animals have been imported in the country from July 2010 to December 2012. New slaughterhouses, milk processing and meat processing units have been established in the private sector. The export of the meat (beef, mutton and camel meat) has increased from US $108.54 million (2010-11) to US $123.61 million in 2011-12, showing an increase of 13.9 percent.

The future plan for the livestock sector is to persuade the policies to achieve 5 percent or more growth in meat and 8 percent or more in milk production through shifting from subsistence livestock farming to market-oriented and commercial farming. The focus will be to encourage and promote high yielding animal’s production and their crossbreeding through Artificial insemination services. The future road

map has clear mile stones in the shape of entering into global Halal Food Trade Market, controlling trans-boundary animal diseases of trade and economic importance, as well as a socio-economic uplifting mechanism of poor, small-scale livestock farmers.

Poultry

The poultry sector is one of the most organized and vibrant segments of the agriculture industry of Pakistan. This sector generates direct and indirect employment and income for about 1.5 million people. Its contribution in agriculture and livestock is 6.4 percent and 11.5 percent, respectively. Poultry meat contributes 25.8 percent of the total meat production in the country. The current investment in the poultry industry is about Rs 200.00 billion. The poultry sector has shown a robust growth of 8 to 10 percent annually, which reflects its inherent potential. The production of commercial and rural poultry and poultry products for the last three years is given in Table 2.21.

Table 2.21: Domestic/Rural & Commercial Poultry Type Units 2009-101 2010-111 2011-121 Domestic Poultry Million No’s 77.35 78.51 79.68Cocks " 9.58 9.84 10.10Hens " 36.76 37.42 38.09Chicken " 31.02 31.25 31.48Eggs2 " 3676.00 3742.00 3809.00Meat 000 Tons 102.40 104.43 106.51Duck, Drake & Duckling Million No's 0.59 0.56 0.54Eggs2 " 26.28 25.18 24.13Meat 000 Tons 0.80 0.77 0.73Commercial Poultry Layers Million No's 30.41 32.54 44.10Broilers " 493.40 542.74 34.82Breeding Stock " 8.39 8.81 597.02Day Old Chicks " 515.36 566.89 9.25Eggs2 Million No’s 8137.00 8690.00 623.58Meat 000 Tons 603.47 662.18 9281.00Total Poultry Day Old Chicks Million No’s 546.00 598.00 655.00Poultry Birds " 610.00 663.00 721.00Eggs " 11839.00 12857.00 13114.00Poultry Meat 000 Tons 707.00 767.00 834.00Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research 1 ; The figures for the indicated year are statistically calculated using the figures of 2005-06. 2 : The figures for Eggs (Farming) and Eggs (Desi) are calculated using the poultry parameters for egg production.

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Poultry Development policy envisions sustainable supply of wholesome poultry meat, eggs and other value added products to the local and international markets at competitive prices. It is aimed at facilitating and supporting private sector-led development for sustainable poultry production. The strategy revolves around improving the regulatory framework; disease control and genetic improvement in rural poultry; high tech poultry production under environmentally controlled housing; processing and value addition; improving bio-security; need based research and development and farmers training and education. It envisages poultry sectors growth of 15-20 percent annually.

MEGA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

The Ministry of Livestock and Dairy Development, before devolution concluded the following (7) projects in the Livestock sector at an estimated cost of Rs. 8.8 billion. The achievements of these projects are summarized below:

Strengthening of Livestock Services Project (SLSP)

Field studies on (5) models of service delivery were conducted (CAHEW, WLEW, DFCM, Wool Producers Association, PRSM);

Introduced PPR vaccine production in the country;

Distribution of 2200 Motor-Cycles to field staff of provincial livestock departments on hire purchase basis to strengthen and improve the veterinary health coverage; and

Established the National Epidemiology Network for Livestock Disease Surveillance and Reporting.

Livestock Production and Development for Meat Production

Completed more than 13,000 feed-lot fattening operations (beef and mutton) in which more than 163,000 beef animals and 200,000 mutton animals have been produced.

Milk Collection Processing and Dairy Production and Development Programme

Formed 207 Milk Producer Groups (MPG) in all the four provinces, Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan

Installed 150 milk cooling tanks

Provided 63.3 tons of fodder seeds and 663 tons of animal ration/feed on cost basis to the members of MPGs

Registered 1,004 Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and NiliRavi livestock breeders for production of quality breeding animals.

Prime Minister’s Special Initiative for Livestock (PMSIL)

A total of 290 veterinary clinics have been established providing veterinary services at 70 percent reduced cost to rural farmers at their door steps i.e. 100 percent achievement

Quality medicines/vaccines are available to rural farmer at 30 percent reduced cost as compared to market prices

A total of 3,150 community organizations (COs) have been formed and 3000 rural community persons have been trained by imparting one month training in basic veterinary services through the government livestock institutes

A total of 4,265 rural livestock female farmers have been trained in better animal husbandry practices to enhance their income through enhanced milk productivity

National Programme for the Control and prevention of Avian Influenza

Established 40 surveillance and 66 rapid response units (RRUs)

Processed 0.4 million samples of blood, tissues and swabs for screening against Avian Influenza

Establishment of the Bio security Laboratory-3 is under process

Disbursed Rs. 23.5 million as compensation to Avian Influenza affected farmers

Pakistan is maintaining Avian Influenza (bird flu) free status since June 2008


34

Improving Reproductive Efficiency of Cattle and Buffaloes in smallholder production systems

Civil work of Embryo Transfer Technology Centre at Okara has been completed

For strengthening and improvement of Provincial Semen Production Units (SPU) 6 Semen Quality Analyzer (SQA-VB with Test Kit) were given to SPU’s in Korangi, Quetta, Khairimurat, Qadirabad, Harichand, and Karaniwala

Embryo Transfer Technology Centre has produced 502,996 semen doses and 2,031 embryos from elite exotic animals for cross breeding purposes and carried out 178,318 artificial inseminations, embryo transfer has been carried out in 168 animals

Provided training to artificial insemination technicians

Up gradation and Establishment of Animal Quarantine Stations in Pakistan

A total of (5) Animal Quarantine Stations (AQS) have been up-graded in order to facilitate import/export of livestock and its products

A total of 2 new AQS are being established at Khunjrab and Khokhrapar.

V. Fisheries

i) Fishery plays an important role in Pakistan’s economy and is considered to be a source of livelihood for coastal inhabitants. Apart from marine fisheries, inland fisheries (based in rivers, lakes, ponds, dams) are also a very important activity throughout the country. Fisheries share in GDP is 0.3 percent. Although the contribution is very small it adds substantially to the national income via export earnings. A total of 84,498 million tons of fish and fish preparation were exported during the July-March, 2011-12. Pakistan’s major buyers are China, Thailand, Malaysia, Middle East, Sri Lanka and Japan. Pakistan earned US $222.8 million from these exports.

ii) During July-March, 2011-12 the total marine and inland fish production was estimated at 951,324 million tons, out of which 681,700

million tons was from marine production and the remaining came from inland waters. In July-March, 2010-11 the production was estimated to be 937,082 million tons, where 672,652 m. tons was marine and the remaining was produced by inland fishery sector.

iii) The government is taking a number of steps to improve the fisheries sector. A number of initiatives have been taken by the federal and provincial fisheries departments which also include strengthening of extension services, introduction of new fishing methodologies, development of value added products, enhancement of per capita consumption of fish, and the upgrading of socio-economic conditions of the fishermen’s community.

iv) Modernized Fishing Fleets: A project for the improvement of fish holds of local fishing boats was approved and four local fishing boats have been modified by the federal government (Marine Fisheries Department) as demonstration boats at a total cost of Rs. 5.0 million with the aim of assisting boat owners to modify their boats on similar lines. As a result of introducing modular boats by the MFD, boat owners have started modifying boat using their own expenses. So far, 502 boats have been modified. This shows success in the fishermen community because they have accepted and are using the technology of lining of fish holds with fiberglass coatings.

(v) Resumption of Export to the EU Countries

The European Union (EU) has expressed satisfaction with most of the steps taken by the government of Pakistan. However, with regard to the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) of processing plants, the EU has now asked for an inspection report. MFD, in consultation with a UNIDO consultant, submitted this report on December 31, 2011. Based on this report it is hoped that fisheries’ exports will be resumed.

The export of fish and fishery products to the European Union was suspended in April 2007. The Government has made adequate and effective efforts to resume of export to the EU.

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35

In this connection, two laboratories of the Marine Fisheries Department achieved accreditation under ISO/IEC-17025 international standards and now the test report of these laboratories are recognized all over the world. Thus, the requirement of EU and SPS has been fulfilled. As mentioned above, during the tenure of the present government, more than 500 fishing boats have been upgraded; the government of Sindh contributed 75 percent, while 25 percent contribution was made by the owner to upgrade present standards.

Landing sites and auction halls at Karachi Fish Harbour have also been upgraded; processing plants have rectified the deficiencies. The knowledge and skills of MFD inspectors under official watch have been enhanced. Training has also been provided to the fishermen on hygienic preservation and handling of a catch once it is onboard the fishing vessels.

v) Conservation and management of marine resources

MFD in collaboration with fisheries department of the government of Sindh, Fisherman’s Cooperative Society Ltd, Karachi Fisheries Harbour Authority and other stakeholders undertook research/experimental

surveys to test different sizes of the cod-end of trawl-net being used by local fishermen. The optimal mesh size, on the basis of results of the surveys, will be selected and notified for implementation by the fishermen to ensure juveniles and/or undersized fish cannot escape from the trawl-net.

Conclusions

The agriculture sector continues to play a crucial role in Pakistan’s economy. Currently it contributes 21 percent to GDP, and provides employment to 45 percent of the country’s labour force, while 60 percent of the rural population derives its livelihoods from this sector. Despite the floods of 2011, the sector recorded a growth of 3.1 percent in 2011-12. The profitability of agriculture sector during 2011-12, remained high because the farmers received good prices for rice, cotton and sugarcane, which allowed for greater financial resources passed on to the rural economy. Recognizing the vital role the sector plays in ensuring food security, generating overall economic growth, reducing poverty and the transforming towards industrialization, the present government is determined to support the sector by promulgating policy that will continue to make agriculture an efficient, productive and profitable sector of the economy.

TABLE 2.1 (A)

1980-81 Base 1999-2000 BaseFiscal All major Food Fibre Other All major Food Fibre OtherYear crops crops crops crops crops crops crops crops1991-92 143.7 122.5 305.9 120.5 - - - -1992-93 141.0 124.0 216.0 118.0 - - - -1993-94 155.0 123.6 191.8 137.5 - - - -1994-95 165.4 133.1 207.5 146.0 - - - -1995-96 163.3 137.0 252.8 140.1 - - - -1996-97 155.3 136.5 223.6 130.3 - - - -1997-98 186.2 150.2 219.1 164.5 - - - -1998-99 189.8 147.6 209.7 170.9 - - - -1999-00 178.4 167.7 268.2 143.7 100 100 100 1002000-01 165.9 152.8 256.0 135.1 93 91 95 942001-02 172.1 142.9 253.2 148.7 97 85 94 1042002-03 185.4 153.9 243.6 160.9 104 92 91 1122003-04 190.7 159.6 239.7 165.1 107 95 89 1152004-05 - - - - 104 106 127 1022005-06 - - - - 101 107 116 962006-07 - - - - 117 115 114 1182007-08 - - - - 126 108 104 1382008-09 - - - - 114 124 105 1082009-10 - - - - 111 119 115 1062010-11 - - - - 119 120 102 1192011-12 P - - - - 123 120 121 125P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

INDEX OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

TABLE 2.1 (B)

BASIC DATA ON AGRICULTURE

Cropped Improved Water*Area seed dis- Availa- Fertilizer Credit

Fiscal (million tribution bility off-take disbursedYear hectares) (000 Tonnes) (MAF) (000 N/T) (Rs million)1990-91 21.82 83.27 119.62 1892.90 14,9151991-92 21.72 65.93 122.05 1884.00 14,4791992-93 22.44 63.93 125.12 2147.61 16,1981993-94 21.87 63.27 128.01 2146.80 15,6741994-95 22.14 76.87 129.65 2183.10 22,3731995-96 22.59 145.10 130.85 2515.05 19,1871996-97 22.73 137.67 132.05 2413.01 19,5481997-98 23.04 130.50 122.15 2646.00 33,3921998-99 22.86 167.38 133.78 2583.00 42,8521999-00 22.74 194.30 133.28 2832.00 39,6882000-01 22.04 193.80 134.77 2964.00 44,7902001-02 22.12 191.57 134.63 2929.00 52,3142002-03 21.85 172.02 134.48 3020.00 58,9152003-04 22.94 178.77 134.78 3222.00 73,4462004-05 22.78 218.12 135.68 3694.04 108,7332005-06 23.13 226.07 137.98 3804.00 137,4742006-07 23.55 218.60 137.80 3672.00 168,8302007-08 23.87 264.67 137.80 3582.00 211,5612008-09 24.01 314.63 131.51 3710.00 233,0102009-10 23.76 312.63 133.70 4360.00 248,1202010-11 22.75 331.02 137.16 3933.00 263,0222011-12 P 22.75 331.02 135.86 2913.00 197,361P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) (Contd.)* : At farm gate

TABLE 2.1 (B)

BASIC DATA ON AGRICULTURE

Number of Production of Production Fish TotalFiscal Tube wells Tractors of meat Milk Production Forest ProductionYear Public & Private (Nos) (000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes) (000 cu.mtr.)1990-91 339,840 13,841 1,581 15,481 483.0 1,0721991-92 355,840 10,077 1,685 16,280 553.1 4911992-93 374,099 16,628 1,872 17,120 621.7 6911993-94 444,179 15,129 2,000 18,006 558.1 7031994-95 463,463 17,063 2,114 18,966 541.9 6841995-96 485,050 16,218 1,841 22,970 555.5 7201996-97 506,824 10,121 1,908 23,580 589.7 3431997-98 531,259 14,242 1,841 24,215 597.0 3861998-99 563,226 26,885 1,906 24,876 654.5 4361999-00 609,775 35,038 1,957 25,566 614.8 3642000-01 659,278 32,553 2,015 26,284 629.6 472 *2001-02 707,273 24,311 2,072 27,031 637.8 487 *2002-03 768,962 27,101 2,132 27,811 566.2 266 *2003-04 950,144 36,059 2,188 28,624 573.5 313 *2004-05 984,294 44,095 2,271 29,438 580.6 282 *2005-06 999,569 49,439 2,515 31,970 604.9 265 *2006-07 1,025,836 54,610 2,618 32,986 640.0 373 *2007-08 1,016,125 53,607 2,728 34,064 885.0 3632008-09 1,069,991 60,107 2,843 35,160 914.1 3472009-10 1,070,375 71,730 2,965 36,299 925.9 3562010-11 1,075,073 70,855 3,094 37,475 937.1 3522011-12 P 1,075,073 26,858 3,232 38,690 951.3 354P : Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics* : Revised

TABLE 2.2

(Million Hectares)Not Avail- Total

Fiscal Total Reported Forest able for Culturable Current Net Area Total Area Area Sown CroppedYear Area Area Area Cultivation Waste Fallow Sown Cultivated more than Area

(7+8) once (8+10)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1990-91 79.61 57.61 3.46 24.34 8.85 4.85 16.11 20.96 5.71 21.821991-92 79.61 57.87 3.47 24.48 8.86 4.87 16.19 21.06 5.53 21.721992-93 79.61 58.06 3.48 24.35 8.83 4.95 16.45 21.40 5.99 22.441993-94 79.61 58.13 3.45 24.43 8.74 5.29 16.22 21.51 5.65 21.871994-95 79.61 58.50 3.60 24.44 8.91 5.42 16.13 21.55 6.01 22.141995-96 79.61 58.51 3.61 24.35 8.87 5.19 16.49 21.68 6.10 22.591996-97 79.61 59.23 3.58 24.61 9.06 5.48 16.50 21.98 6.23 22.731997-98 79.61 59.32 3.60 24.61 9.15 5.48 16.48 21.96 6.56 23.041998-99 79.61 59.28 3.60 24.52 9.23 5.35 16.58 21.93 6.28 22.861999-00 79.61 59.28 3.78 24.45 9.09 5.67 16.29 21.96 6.45 22.742000-01 79.61 59.44 3.77 24.37 9.17 6.73 15.40 22.13 6.64 22.042001-02 79.61 59.33 3.80 24.31 8.95 6.60 15.67 22.27 6.45 22.122002-03 79.61 59.45 4.04 24.25 8.95 6.61 15.60 22.21 6.25 21.852003-04 79.61 59.46 4.01 24.23 9.10 6.23 15.89 22.12 7.05 22.942004-05 79.61 59.48 4.02 24.39 8.94 6.86 15.27 22.13 7.51 22.782005-06 79.61 57.22 4.03 22.87 8.21 6.72 15.39 22.65 7.74 23.132006-07 79.61 57.05 4.21 22.66 8.30 5.72 16.16 21.88 7.39 23.552007-08 79.61 57.08 4.21 23.41 8.18 4.93 16.35 21.28 7.52 23.872008-09 79.61 57.13 4.24 23.47 8.14 5.04 16.24 21.28 7.77 24.012009-10 79.61 57.15 4.19 23.57 8.14 5.35 15.90 21.25 7.86 23.762010-11 79.61 57.76 4.26 23.40 8.00 6.38 15.72 22.10 7.03 22.752011-12 P 79.61 57.76 4.26 23.40 8.00 6.38 15.72 22.10 7.03 22.75P : Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of StatisticsNote:1. TOTAL AREA REPORTED is the total physical area of the villages/deh, tehsils or districts etc.2. FOREST AREA is the area of any land administered as forest under any legal enactment dealing with forests. Anycultivated area which may exist within such forest is shown under heading "cultivated area".3. AREA NOT AVAILABLE FOR CULTIVATION is that uncultivated area of the farm which is under farm home steads, farm roads and other connected purposes and not available for cultivation.4. CULTURABLE WASTE is that uncultivated farm area which is fit for cultivation but was not cropped during the year under reference nor in the year before that.5. CURRENT FALLOW (ploughed but uncropped) is that area which is vacant during the year under reference but was sown at least once during the previous year6. CULTIVATED AREA is that area which was sown at least during the year under reference or during the previous year.7. Cultivated Area = Net Area sown + Current Fallow.8. NET AREA SOWN is that area which is sown at least once during (Kharif & Rabi) the year under reference.9. AREA SOWN MORE THAN ONCE is the difference between the total cropped area and the net area sown.10. TOTAL CROPPED AREA means the aggregate area of crops raised in a farm during the year under reference including the area under fruit trees.

LAND UTILIZATION

Cultivated Area

TABLE 2.3

(000 Hectares)Total Rapeseed

Fiscal Food Sugar- and Sesa-Year Wheat Rice Bajra Jowar Maize Barley Grains Gram cane Mustard mum Cotton Tobacco1990-91 7,911 2,113 491 417 845 157 11,934 1,092 884 304 53 2,662 441991-92 7,878 2,097 313 383 848 149 11,667 997 896 287 70 2,836 541992-93 8,300 1,973 487 403 868 160 12,191 1,008 885 285 82 2,836 581993-94 8,034 2,187 303 365 879 151 11,919 1,045 963 269 73 2,805 571994-95 8,170 2,125 509 438 890 165 12,297 1,065 1,009 301 80 2,653 471995-96 8,376 2,162 407 418 939 171 12,473 1,119 963 320 90 2,997 461996-97 8,109 2,251 303 370 928 152 12,113 1,100 965 354 100 3,149 491997-98 8,355 2,317 460 390 933 163 12,618 1,102 1,056 340 96 2,960 531998-99 8,230 2,424 463 383 962 137 12,599 1,077 1,155 327 71 2,923 571999-00 8,463 2,515 313 357 962 124 12,734 972 1,010 321 72 2,983 562000-01 8,181 2,377 390 354 944 113 12,359 905 961 273 101 2,927 462001-02 8,058 2,114 417 358 942 111 12,000 934 1,000 269 136 3,116 492002-03 8,034 2,225 349 338 935 108 11,989 963 1,100 256 88 2,794 472003-04 8,216 2,461 539 392 947 102 12,657 982 1,074 259 60 2,989 462004-05 8,358 2,520 343 308 982 93 12,603 1,094 966 243 66 3,193 502005-06 8,448 2,621 441 254 1,042 90 12,896 1,029 907 217 82 3,103 562006-07 8,578 2,581 504 292 1,017 94 13,066 1,052 1,029 256 71 3,075 512007-08 8,550 2,515 531 281 1,052 91 13,020 1,107 1,241 224 76 3,054 512008-09 9,046 2,963 470 263 1,052 86 13,880 1,081 1,029 233 91 2,820 502009-10 9,132 2,883 476 248 935 84 13,758 1,067 943 178 80 3,106 562010-11 8,901 2,365 548 229 974 77 13,094 1,054 988 203 78 2,689 512011-12 P 8,666 2,571 458 214 1,083 75 13,067 1,055 1,046 213 76 2,835 47P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) Source: Pakistan Bureau of StatisticsNote : 1 ha = 2.47 acres

AREA UNDER IMPORTANT CROPS

TABLE 2.4

(000 Tonnes)Total Rapeseed

Fiscal Food Sugar- and Sesa- Cotton Tob-Year Wheat Rice Bajra Jowar Maize Barley Grains Gram cane Mustard mum (000 tonnes) (000 Bales) acco1990-91 14,565 3,261 196 239 1,185 142 19,588 531 35,989 228 21.4 1,637 9,628 751991-92 15,684 3,243 139 225 1,203 140 20,634 513 38,865 220 28.7 2,181 12,822 971992-93 16,157 3,116 203 238 1,184 158 21,056 347 38,059 207 34.0 1,540 9,054 1021993-94 15,213 3,995 138 212 1,213 146 20,917 411 44,427 197 32.3 1,368 8,041 1001994-95 17,002 3,447 228 263 1,318 164 22,422 559 47,168 229 36.2 1,479 8,697 811995-96 16,907 3,966 162 255 1,504 174 22,968 680 45,230 255 39.5 1,802 10,595 801996-97 16,651 4,305 146 219 1,491 150 22,962 594 41,998 286 44.9 1,594 9,374 921997-98 18,694 4,333 211 231 1,517 174 25,160 767 53,104 292 42.5 1,562 9,184 991998-99 17,858 4,674 213 228 1,665 137 24,773 698 55,191 279 32.1 1,495 8,790 1091999-00 21,079 5,156 156 220 1,652 118 28,380 565 46,333 297 35.4 1,912 11,240 1082000-01 19,024 4,803 199 218 1,643 99 25,987 397 43,606 230 50.7 1,826 10,732 852001-02 18,226 3,882 216 222 1,664 100 24,311 362 48,042 221 69.6 1,805 10,613 942002-03 19,183 4,478 189 203 1,737 100 25,889 675 52,056 215 19.3 1,737 10,211 882003-04 19,500 4,848 274 238 1,897 98 26,855 611 53,419 221 25.0 1,709 10,048 862004-05 21,612 5,025 193 186 2,797 92 29,905 868 47,244 203 30.0 2,426 14,265 1012005-06 21,277 5,547 221 153 3,110 88 30,396 480 44,666 172 35.0 2,215 13,019 1132006-07 23,295 5,438 238 180 3,088 93 32,337 838 54,742 212 30.0 2,187 12,856 1032007-08 20,959 5,563 305 170 3,605 87 31,198 475 63,920 176 32.8 1,982 11,655 1082008-09 24,033 6,952 296 165 3,593 82 35,121 741 50,045 188 41.0 2,010 11,819 1052009-10 23,311 6,883 293 154 3,261 71 33,973 562 49,373 151 33.4 2,196 12,914 1192010-11 25,214 4,823 346 141 3,707 71 34,302 496 55,309 176 31.0 1,949 11,460 1032011-12 P 23,517 6,160 304 137 4,271 70 34,459 291 58,038 186 30.2 2,312 13,595 94P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

PRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT CROPS

TABLE 2.5

(Kg/Hectare)

Fiscal Year Wheat Rice Sugarcane Maize Gram Cotton

1990-91 1,841 1,543 40,720 1,401 486 6151991-92 1,990 1,546 43,371 1,419 514 7691992-93 1,946 1,579 43,024 1,364 344 5431993-94 1,893 1,826 46,144 1,380 393 4881994-95 2,081 1,622 46,747 1,481 524 5571995-96 2,018 1,835 46,968 1,602 607 6011996-97 2,053 1,912 43,521 1,607 540 5061997-98 2,238 1,870 50,288 1,626 696 5281998-99 2,170 1,928 47,784 1,731 648 5111999-00 2,491 2,050 45,874 1,717 581 6412000-01 2,325 2,021 45,376 1,741 439 6242001-02 2,262 1,836 48,042 1,766 388 5792002-03 2,388 2,013 47,324 1,858 701 6222003-04 2,375 1,970 49,738 2,003 622 5722004-05 2,568 1,995 48,906 2,848 793 7602005-06 2,519 2,116 49,246 2,985 467 7142006-07 2,716 2,107 53,199 3,036 797 7112007-08 2,451 2,212 51,507 3,427 429 6492008-09 2,657 2,346 48,634 3,415 685 7132009-10 2,553 2,387 52,357 3,487 527 7072010-11 2,833 2,039 55,981 3,806 471 7242011-12 P 2,714 2,396 55,486 3,944 276 815P : Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

YIELD PER HECTARE OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS

TABLE 2.6

PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF FRUIT

Production of Important Fruit (000 tonnes) ExportFiscal Citrus Mango Apple Banana Apricot Almonds Grapes Guava (000 ValueYear tonnes) (Mln. Rs)1990-91 1,609 776 243 202 81 32 33 355 112 9351991-92 1,630 787 295 44 109 38 36 373 125 9661992-93 1,665 794 339 52 122 40 38 384 121 1,1791993-94 1,849 839 442 53 153 45 40 402 127 1,3241994-95 1,933 884 533 80 178 49 43 420 139 1,2561995-96 1,960 908 554 82 191 49 72 442 135 1,4871996-97 2,003 915 569 83 188 49 74 448 219 2,7761997-98 2,037 917 573 94 189 49 74 455 202 2,7931998-99 1,862 916 589 95 191 50 76 468 181 2,7731999-00 1,943 938 377 125 121 32 40 494 240 4,1302000-01 1,898 990 439 139 126 33 51 526 260 4,5752001-02 1,830 1,037 367 150 125 26 53 539 290 5,0842002-03 1,702 1,035 315 143 130 24 52 532 263 4,8152003-04 1,760 1,056 334 175 211 24 51 550 354 5,9132004-05 1,944 1,671 352 148 205 23 49 571 281 5,4082005-06 2,458 1,754 351 164 197 23 49 552 455 7,5082006-07 1,472 1,719 348 151 177 23 47 555 343 6,8942007-08 2,294 1,754 442 158 240 27 75 539 411 9,0852008-09 2,132 1,728 441 157 238 26 76 512 469 12,5192009-10 2,150 1,846 366 155 194 22 65 509 687 20,0942010-11 1,982 1,888 526 139 190 21 64 547 669 25,0172011-12 P 1,832 1,699 827 99 187 21 64 527 493 24,520P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

TABLE 2.7

(%age Share)Fiscal Year/ 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12Crops R PAll Major Crops 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Food Crops 62.66 63.52 61.55 63.37 63.85 62.24 66.69 64.61 65.86 62.57

Wheat 39.26 38.98 37.58 38.23 39.27 37.12 40.43 39.01 42.60 39.22Rice 15.85 16.94 15.28 17.45 15.78 16.63 17.20 17.84 15.02 15.37Bajra 0.41 0.59 0.36 0.42 0.43 0.58 0.53 0.52 0.63 0.54Jowar 0.39 0.46 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21Maize 3.13 3.32 4.14 4.70 4.42 5.37 5.08 4.57 5.22 5.93Gram 3.41 3.05 3.73 2.14 3.51 2.10 3.06 2.32 2.06 1.19Barley 0.19 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11

Fibre Crops 22.98 22.06 27.21 25.58 23.65 22.67 21.85 24.17 21.61 24.61Cotton 22.98 22.06 27.21 25.58 23.65 22.67 21.85 24.17 21.61 24.61

Cash Crops 12.95 13.00 9.95 9.75 11.20 13.82 10.20 10.05 11.36 11.68Sugarcane 12.95 13.00 9.95 9.75 11.20 13.82 10.20 10.05 11.36 11.68

Other Crops 1.41 1.43 1.28 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.17 1.17 1.14Sesamum 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.15Rape Seed & Mustard 0.81 0.81 0.65 0.57 0.67 0.58 0.58 0.47 0.55 0.57Tobacco 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.54 0.46 0.51 0.47 0.53 0.46 0.42

R : Revised Source: Pakistan Bureau of StatisticsP : Provisional

CROP WISE COMPOSITION OF VALUE OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS(AT CONSTANT FACTOR COST 1999-2000)

TABLE 2.8

CREDIT DISBURSED BY AGENCIES

(Rs million)Fiscal ZTBL Taccavi Domestic PPCBL Commercial Banks MFBS TotalYear a Private Bank b c d1990-91 8,324 56 .. 3,017 3,518 .. 14,9151991-92 6,996 57 .. 3,247 4,180 .. 14,4791992-93 8,643 51 .. 2,978 4,526 .. 16,1981993-94 8,989 .. .. 2,621 4,063 .. 15,6741994-95 14,576 .. .. 3,757 4,041 .. 22,3731995-96 10,339 .. .. 3,803 5,045 .. 19,1871996-97 11,687 .. .. 3,431 4,429 .. 19,5481997-98 22,354 .. .. 4,929 6,110 .. 33,3921998-99 30,176 .. .. 5,440 7,236 .. 42,8521999-00 24,424 .. .. 5,951 9,313 .. 39,6882000-01 27,610 .. .. 5,124 12,056 .. 44,7902001-02 29,108 .. 593 5,128 17,486 .. 52,3142002-03 29,270 .. 1,421 5,485 22,739 .. 58,9152003-04 29,933 .. 2,702 7,564 33,247 .. 73,4462004-05 37,409 .. 12,407 7,607 51,310 .. 108,7332005-06 47,594 .. 16,023 5,889 67,967 .. 137,4742006-07 56,473 .. 23,976 7,988 80,393 .. 168,8302007-08 66,939 .. 43,941 5,931 94,749 .. 211,5612008-09 75,139 .. 41,626 5,579 110,666 .. 233,0102009-10 79,012 .. 43,777 5,722 119,609 .. 248,1202010-11 65,361 .. 50,187 7,162 140,312 .. 263,0222011-12 P 37,844 .. 37,338 6,012 107,640 8,527 197,361P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) .. : not Available Source: State Bank of Pakistana : Zarai Taraqiate Bank Limited, formerly Agriculture Development Bank of Pakistanb : Punjab Provincial Corporative Bank Ltdc : Include ABL, HBL, MCB NBP & UBLd : 5 Micro Finance Banks included since July - 2011

TABLE 2.9

FERTILIZER OFF-TAKE AND IMPORTS OF FERTILIZERS & PESTICIDES

Import of Fiscal N P K Total Fertilizers Quantity ValueYear 000 Tonnes (Tonnes) (Mln Rs)1990-91 1,472 389 33 1,893 685 13,030 1,4891991-92 1,463 398 23 1,884 632 15,258 1,9461992-93 1,635 488 24 2,148 759 14,435 1,7311993-94 1,659 464 23 2,147 903 12,100 1,7061994-95 1,738 428 17 2,183 261 21,776 2,9781995-96 1,991 494 30 2,515 581 30,479 5,0811996-97 1,985 420 8 2,413 878 30,856 5,2721997-98 2,075 551 20 2,646 714 29,225 4,8011998-99 2,097 465 21 2,583 885 31,893 5,5151999-00 2,218 597 19 2,834 663 26,124 4,6922000-01 2,264 677 23 2,966 580 21,255 3,4772001-02 2,285 625 19 2,929 626 31,783 5,3202002-03 2,349 650 20 3,020 766 22,242 3,4412003-04 2,527 674 22 3,222 764 41,406 7,1572004-05 2,796 864 33 3,694 784 41,561 8,2812005-06 2,926 851 27 3,804 1,268 33,954 6,8042006-07 2,650 979 43 3,672 796 29,089 5,8482007-08 2,925 630 27 3,582 876 27,814 6,3302008-09 3,034 651 25 3,710 568 28,839 8,9812009-10 3,476 860 24 4,360 1,444 38,227 13,4732010-11 3,134 767 32 3,933 645 36,183 13,1782011-12 P 2,379 517 17 2,913 1,024 22,510 8,531P : Provisional, (Jul-Mar) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

National Fertilizer Development Centre

Import of InsecticidesFertilizer off-take (000 N/Tonnes)

TABLE 2.10

(Rs per bag of 50 Kgs/110lbs)Urea AN/CAN AS NP SSP(G) DAP SOP NPK

(46% N) (26% N) (21% N) (23:23) (18%) (18:46) (50% K) (10:20:20)1990-91 195.0 90.0 85.0 173.0 93.0 249.0 150.0 176.01991-92 195.0 95.0 90.0 173.0 93.0 272.0 150.0 176.01992-93 205.0 109.0 96.0 196.0 93.0 264.0 195.0 247.01993-94 210.1 .. 125.3 202.6 95.8 269.0 195.0 247.01994-95 235.0 150.0 164.0 250.0 150.0 379.0 195.0 247.01995-96 267.0 172.0 172.0 320.0 183.0 479.0 331.0 ..1996-97 340.0 209.0 197.0 384.0 211.0 553.0 532.0 ..1997-98 341.0 223.6 232.5 396.6 200.0 564.6 540.0 ..1998-99 346.0 231.0 275.0 457.0 234.0 665.0 541.0 ..1999-00 327.0 231.0 286.0 464.0 298.0 649.0 543.0 ..2000-01 363.0 233.0 300.0 468.0 253.0 670.0 682.0 ..2001-02 394.0 268.0 308.0 519.0 280.0 710.0 765.0 ..2002-03 411.0 282.0 344.0 539.0 287.0 765.0 780.0 ..2003-04 420.0 208.0 373.0 622.0 329.0 913.0 809.0 ..2004-05 468.0 353.0 405.0 704.0 373.0 1001.0 996.0 ..2005-06 509.0 395.0 744.0 710.0 407.0 1079.0 1170.0 ..2006-07 527.0 396.0 779.0 670.0 334.0 993.0 985.0 ..2007-08 581.0 471.0 867.0 1267.0 572.0 1934.0 1497.0 ..2008-09 751.0 704.0 1330.0 1700.0 874.0 2578.0 2091.0 ..2009-10 799.0 701.0 1223.0 1452.0 726.0 2267.0 2370.0 ..2010-11 1035.0 843.0 1124.0 2108.0 896.0 3236.0 2807.0 ..2011-12 P 1705.0 1364.0 .. 2768.0 1259.0 4118.0 3761.0 ..P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) .. : Not available Source: Pakistan Bureau of StatisticsAN/CAN : Ammonium Nitrate/Calcium Ammonium Nitrate National Fertilizer Development CentreASN : Ammonium Super NitrateAS : Ammonium Sulphate DAP: Diammonium PhosphateNP : Nitrophosphate SOP: Sulphate of PotashSSP: Single Super Phosphate NPK: Nitrogen Phosphate and Potash

AVERAGE RETAIL SALE PRICE OF FERTILIZERS

Fiscal Year

TABLE 2.11

(Million hectares)Canal Canal

Fiscal Year Canals Wells Wells Tube wells Tube wells Others Total1990-91 7.89 0.13 0.08 2.56 5.87 0.22 16.751991-92 7.85 0.16 0.11 2.59 5.93 0.21 16.851992-93 7.91 0.18 0.10 2.67 6.23 0.24 17.331993-94 7.73 0.14 0.09 2.78 6.22 0.17 17.131994-95 7.51 0.17 0.10 2.83 6.41 0.18 17.201995-96 7.60 0.18 0.11 2.89 6.58 0.22 17.581996-97 7.81 0.18 0.11 2.90 6.61 0.22 17.851997-98 7.79 0.16 0.13 3.00 6.74 0.18 18.001998-99 7.67 0.17 0.09 2.98 6.88 0.16 17.951999-00 7.56 0.18 0.09 3.11 6.99 0.18 18.112000-01 6.98 0.16 0.10 3.19 7.22 0.17 17.822001-02 6.81 0.20 0.16 3.45 7.24 0.18 18.042002-03 7.06 0.21 0.17 3.42 7.17 0.20 18.222003-04 7.22 0.22 0.15 3.49 7.47 0.21 18.762004-05 6.98 0.29 0.19 3.56 7.66 0.30 18.982005-06 7.06 0.28 0.20 3.58 7.71 0.29 19.122006-07 6.80 0.28 0.22 3.80 7.71 0.29 19.102007-08 6.91 0.30 0.17 3.83 7.79 0.28 19.282008-09 6.83 0.30 0.20 3.84 7.94 0.31 19.422009-10 6.83 0.30 0.26 3.88 8.07 0.30 19.642010-11 6.40 0.32 0.25 3.92 7.60 0.18 18.672011-12 P 6.40 0.32 0.25 3.92 7.60 0.18 18.67P : Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

AREA IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES

TABLE 2.12(A)

(Rs per 40 kg)Fiscal Wheat Rice Paddy SugarcaneYear Basmati Irri-6^ Basmati Irri-6^ Khyber Punjab Sindh Baloch-

385 385 Pakhtunkhwa istan 1990-91 112.00 283.00 127.00 143.50 73.00 15.25 15.25 15.75 ..1991-92 124.00 308.00 140.00 155.00 78.00 16.75 16.75 17.00 17.001992-93 130.00 340.00 150.00 175.00 85.00 17.50 17.50 17.75 17.501993-94 160.00 360.00 157.00 185.00 90.00 18.00 18.00 18.25 18.251994-95 160.00 389.00 170.00 210.90 102.60 20.50 20.50 20.75 20.751995-96 173.00 419.80 183.00 222.00 112.00 21.50 21.50 21.75 21.751996-97 240.00 461.78 210.45 255.30 128.80 24.00 24.00 24.50 24.501997-98 240.00 .. .. 310.00 153.00 35.00 35.00 36.00 36.001998-99 240.00 .. .. 330.00 175.00 35.00 35.00 36.00 36.001999-00 300.00 .. .. 350.00 185.00 35.00 35.00 36.00 36.002000-01 300.00 .. .. 385.00 205.00 35.00 35.00 36.00 36.002001-02 300.00 .. .. 385.00 205.00 42.00 42.00* 43.00 43.002002-03 300.00 .. .. 385.00 205.00 42.00 42.00 43.00 43.002003-04 350.00 .. .. 400.00 215.00 42.00 42.00 43.00 43.002004-05 400.00 .. .. 415.00 230.00 42.00 42.00 43.00 43.002005-06 415.00 .. .. 460.00 300.00 48.00 45.00 60.00 ..2006-07 425.00 .. .. .. 306.00 65.00 60.00 67.00 ..2007-08 625.00 .. .. .. .. 65.00* 60.00* 63.00 ..2008-09 950.00 2500.00 1400.00 1250.00 @ 700.00 80.00 80.00 81.00 ..2009-10 950.00 .. .. 1000.00 @ 600.00 100.00 100.00 102.00 ..2010-11 950.00 .. .. .. .. 125.00 125.00 125.00 ..2011-12 P 1050.00 .. .. .. .. 150.00 150.00 154.00 ..^ : Fair Average Quality .. : Not applicable (Contd.)@ : Price of Basmati Super (Paddy) Rs. 1500/40kg for 2008-09 and Rs. 1250 for 2009-10* : Sugarcane prices are fixed by the respective Provincial Government

PROCUREMENT/SUPPORT PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

TABLE 2.12(B)

(Rs per 40 Kg)Cotton Lint Seed Cotton (Phutti)

Sarmast SarmastQallan- Qallan-

dri Delta- B-557 dri Delta-Fiscal AC-134, B-557 pine MS- AC-134, F-149 pine MS-Year Desi NT 149-F 39-40 Desi NT Niab-78 39-40 Potato Onion1990-91 550.00 615.00 645.00 690.00 220.00 235.00 245.00 260.00 55.00 51.501991-92 662.00 685.00 715.00 745.00 255.00 270.00 280.00 290.00 65.00 60.001992-93 695.00 .. 770.00 * 800.00 275.00 .. 300.00 * 310.00 67.00 65.001993-94 726.00 .. 801.00 * 831.00 290.00 .. 315.00 * 325.00 77.00 78.001994-95 795.00 .. 986.00 * 1055.00 340.00 .. 400.00 * 423.00 84.00 78.001995-96 795.00 .. 986.00 * 1055.00 340.00 .. 400.00 * 423.00 84.00 85.001996-97 .. .. .. .. 440.00 .. 500.00 * 540.00 115.00 100.001997-98 .. .. .. .. 440.00 .. 500.00 * 540.00 145.00 112.001998-99 .. .. .. .. .. .. 825.00 * .. 145.00 140.001999-00 .. .. .. .. .. .. 725.00 * .. 145.00 ..2000-01 .. .. .. .. .. .. 725.00 * .. 145.00 ..2001-02 .. .. .. .. .. .. 780.00 .. .. ..2002-03 .. .. .. .. .. .. 800.00 .. .. ..2003-04 .. .. .. .. .. .. 850.00 .. .. ..2004-05 .. .. .. .. .. .. 925.00 .. .. ..2005-06 .. .. .. .. .. .. 975.00 .. .. ..2006-07 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1025.00 .. .. ..2007-08 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1025.00 .. .. ..2008-09 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1465.00 .. .. ..2009-10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2010-11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2011-12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... : Not applicable Source: Ministry of National Food Security and Research* : Niab-78, CIM

PROCUREMENT/SUPPORT PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

TABLE 2.13

(000 tonnes)Wheat (May-April) Rice Procured Stocks Balance (as on 1st July)

Fiscal Procure- Releases Stocks Basmati Others Basmati OthersYear ment1990-91 3,159.0 5,608.0 1,508.0 142.7 673.8 719.3 117.51991-92 3,249.0 5,431.0 1,000.0 121.6 370.3 486.8 314.71992-93 4,120.0 5,143.0 505.0 500.5 454.0 285.2 540.51993-94 3,644.0 5,982.0 1,007.0 144.9 681.4 224.8 541.21994-95 3,740.0 5,999.0 776.0 284.0 .. 236.4 848.51995-96 3,448.0 5,139.0 385.0 50.8 154.6 494.3 117.71996-97 2,725.0 5,987.0 456.0 .. .. 159.4 187.91997-98 3,984.0 5,794.0 902.0 .. .. .. ..1998-99 4,070.0 6,165.0 981.0 .. .. .. ..1999-00 8,582.0 6,131.0 702.0 .. .. .. ..2000-01 4,081.0 5,537.0 3,552.0 .. .. .. ..2001-02 4,045.0 3,376.0 3,683.0 .. .. .. ..2002-03 3,514.0 5,130.0 992.0 .. .. .. ..2003-04 3,456.0 4,104.0 161.0 .. .. .. ..2004-05 3,939.0 4,500.0 350.0 .. .. .. ..2005-06 4,514.0 2,088.0 2,107.0 .. .. .. ..2006-07 4,422.0 5,985.4 499.1 .. .. .. ..2007-08 3,917.0 6,357.9 136.9 .. .. .. ..2008-09 9,231.0 5,784.4 821.9 .. .. .. ..2009-10 6,715.0 5,985.0 4,223.0 .. .. .. ..2010-11 P 2,230.0 6,404.0 3,186.0 .. .. .. ..2011-12 P 2,220.0 @ .. 5,633.0 * .. .. .. ..P : Provisional .. : not available Source: Ministry of National Food Security and Research* : Tentative, 13th May, 2012@ : upto 13th May 2012 (2011-12 Crop)

PROCUREMENT, RELEASES AND STOCKS OF WHEAT AND RICE

TABLE 2.14

(million numbers)

Fiscal Year Buffaloes Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Camels Asses Horses Mules

1990-91 17.8 17.7 37.0 26.3 146.9 1.1 3.5 0.4 0.11991-92 18.3 17.7 38.7 27.4 156.2 1.1 3.8 0.5 0.11992-93 18.7 17.8 40.2 27.7 182.6 1.1 3.8 0.4 0.11993-94 19.2 17.8 42.0 28.3 250.0 1.1 3.9 0.4 0.11994-95 19.7 17.8 43.8 29.1 318.8 1.1 4.0 0.4 0.11995-96 20.3 20.4 41.2 23.5 350.0 0.8 3.6 0.3 0.11996-97 20.8 20.8 42.6 23.7 382.0 0.8 3.6 0.3 0.11997-98 21.4 21.2 44.2 23.8 276.0 0.8 3.2 0.3 0.11998-99 22.0 21.6 45.8 23.9 278.0 0.8 3.8 0.3 0.11999-00 22.7 22.0 47.4 24.1 282.0 0.8 3.8 0.3 0.22000-01 23.3 22.4 49.1 24.2 292.4 0.8 3.9 0.3 0.22001-02 24.0 22.8 50.9 24.4 330.0 0.8 3.9 0.3 0.22002-03 24.8 23.3 52.8 24.6 346.1 0.8 4.1 0.3 0.22003-04 25.5 23.8 54.7 24.7 352.6 0.7 4.1 0.3 0.22004-05 26.3 24.2 56.7 24.9 372.0 0.7 4.2 0.3 0.32005-06 * 27.3 29.6 53.8 26.5 433.8 0.9 4.3 0.3 0.22006-07 @ 28.2 30.7 55.2 26.8 477.0 0.9 4.3 0.3 0.22007-08 29.0 31.8 56.7 27.1 518.0 1.0 4.4 0.3 0.22008-09 29.9 33.0 58.3 27.4 562.0 1.0 4.5 0.4 0.22009-10 30.8 34.3 59.9 27.8 610.0 1.0 4.6 0.4 0.22010-11 31.7 35.6 61.5 28.1 663.0 1.0 4.7 0.4 0.22011-12 32.7 36.9 63.1 28.4 721.0 1.0 4.8 0.4 0.2* : Actual figures of Livestock Census 2006 Source: Ministry of National Food Security and Research

LIVESTOCK POPULATION

@ : From 2006-07 onward figures estimates are based on Inter census growth rate of livestock census 1996 & 2006

TABLE 2.15

(000 Tonnes)Fiscal Milk # Beef Mutton Poultry Wool Hair Bones Fat Blood Eggs Hides SkinsYear Meat (Mln.Nos.) (Mln.Nos.) (Mln.Nos.)1990-91 15,481 765 665 151 48.1 7.9 259.0 101.8 40.1 4,490 5.9 32.71991-92 16,280 803 713 169 49.3 8.3 265.0 104.5 42.5 4,914 6.0 33.91992-93 17,120 844 763 265 50.5 8.1 271.0 107.2 45.1 5,164 6.1 36.01993-94 18,006 887 817 296 51.7 9.0 277.0 110.0 47.3 5,740 6.2 37.81994-95 18,986 931 875 308 53.1 9.4 283.0 113.0 50.7 5,927 6.3 39.31995-96 22,970 898 587 355 38.1 15.6 295.7 110.1 32.0 5,757 7.0 32.71996-97 23,580 919 602 387 38.3 16.2 302.3 112.6 32.8 6,015 7.1 34.51997-98 24,215 940 617 284 38.5 16.7 309.2 115.2 33.6 5,737 7.3 35.31998-99 24,876 963 633 310 38.7 17.3 316.3 117.8 34.4 8,261 7.5 36.31999-00 25,566 986 649 322 38.9 17.9 324.0 120.6 40.9 7,321 7.6 37.22000-01 26,284 1,010 666 339 39.2 18.6 331.4 123.5 41.8 7,505 7.8 38.22001-02 27,031 1,034 683 355 39.4 19.3 339.4 126.5 42.9 7,679 7.9 39.22002-03 27,811 1,060 702 370 39.7 19.9 347.6 129.7 44.0 7,860 8.2 40.32003-04 28,624 1,087 720 378 39.9 20.7 356.2 132.9 45.2 8,102 8.4 42.42004-05 29,438 1,115 739 384 40.0 20.7 365.1 136.3 45.2 8,529 8.6 42.62005-06 * 31,970 1,449 554 512 40.1 20.3 633.5 203.3 51.4 9,712 11.4 43.32006-07 @ 32,996 1,498 566 554 40.6 20.8 652.5 209.2 52.7 10,197 11.8 44.32007-08 34,064 1,549 578 601 41.0 21.4 672.2 215.3 54.1 10,711 12.2 45.32008-09 35,160 1,601 590 652 41.5 22.0 692.4 221.6 55.4 11,258 12.6 46.32009-10 36,299 1,655 603 707 42.0 22.6 713.4 228.1 56.8 11,839 13.0 47.42010-11 37,475 1,711 616 767 42.5 23.2 735.1 234.8 58.3 12,857 13.5 48.52011-12 38,690 1,769 629 834 43.0 23.8 757.5 241.7 59.8 13,144 13.9 49.6* : Actual figures of Livestock Census 2006 Source: Ministry of National Food Security and Research# : Human Consumption@ : From 2006-07 onward figures estimates are based on Inter census growth rate of livestock census 1996 & 2006

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS

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