Student: Constantin Florentina Alina

Grupa: 8218

Agriculture is a branch of traditional Romanian economy which has the means of production agricultural land fund, which provides food humanitarian goods, raw materials for industries and for export.

Natural and social conditions which influence agricultural production are represented by natural conditions,

represented by relief: mountains, the hills and plateaus, plains.

1. Mountain areas

- livestock predominates

2. The hills and plateaus

- predominant wine and fruit growing, livestock

3. Plains

- prevail cereals, industrial plants and vegetables

Climate

Generally favorable, sometimes occurring

phenomena that compromise partial

harvest

( frost, drought etc.)

Soils

High fertility are in plain , medium in the hills and plateaus (clay-alluvial ), is sometimes affected by

geomorphological processes requiring improvement works.

o Conditions of mechanization and technical materials represented indicates that Romania is far behind other countries.

For example : - 10 tractors / 1000 ha

- 50 kg fertilizer / ha

o Conditions demographics – population growth requires larger and more diversified production, while in areas with requiring large workforce and low density areas, mechanization of agriculture.

o Industrial conditions – are the industries that conditioned the distribution of agricultural crops ( sugar enterprises, oil canned etc.) so standing out, in order to reduce production costs and production efficient, their location in areas of culture.

The land is 23.7 mil. HaComprising:

Agricultural land 14.8 mil. Ha (62%), represents all land used in agriculture and include:-arable land, 9.4 mil. Ha-pastures and hayfields natural, 4.8 mil. Ha-living and orchards, 0.6 mil. Ha-forest areas, areas occupied by the forest, 6.6 mil. Ha-waters and ponds, 0.8 mil. Ha-other surfaces, 1.5 mil. Ha

The ownership of land are:-privately, 78%-state, 12%-post, 10%

Type of organization:-individual farms – the most numerous-family agricultural holdings-commercial farms, most competitive-autonomous companies: Romcereal, research stations

I. Culture of Plants

1. Culture of Cereals

2/3 of arable land is predominant. Cultivated especially wheat – the lower

Regions: Romanian Plain, Dobrogea (central and south), Plain of Moldavia:

maize (ranked second in Europe and ninth in the world) – extension greater:

Piedmont Plateau ,Moldavian Plateau, Transylvanian Plateau, the Danube

Meadow, intermountain depression: barley, rice ( Western Plain, Southern

countries), rye, sorghum etc. in some years due to natural disasters (droughts,

floods).

2.Culture of Potato

Is introduced in the country barely two centuries, cool and wet areas prefer,

eighth place in Europe, XIV on Earth Suceava Plateau, depressions in the

Eastern Carpathians, Southern Transylvanian Basin.

3.Culture of vegetables

Includes: tomatoes, beans, peas etc. Is grown in the lowlands, plains the great

rivers, urban areas ( in greenhouses and solariums) .

4. Culture of industrial plants

Provide the raw material for various industries.

Are placed in culture in our country recently (except flax and hemp).

Is grown mainly :

sunflower (Europe V , VIII Globe ) : Romanian Plain, Western Plain,

Dobrogea Plateau, Plain of Moldavia.

beet : Romanian Plain, Western Plain, Dobrogea Plateau, Plain of

Moldavia, Transylvanian Depression.

flax, hemp, soy.

5. Viticulture

Due to favorable climatic conditions and relief practiced since antiquity.

Currently vineyard areas are lower because higher costs that they impose.

Romania ranks eighth in wine production around the globe especially

characteristic hills and plateau.

6. Fruit

Has been practiced since antiquity because of the favorable conditions,

especially in hills and plateaus. Predominant apple and plum.

Pools tree:

plum and apple : region of hill in South (Vrancea County by Mehedinti

Country) Hateg Depression , Iasi.

apple and plum : Baia Mare, Bistria, Sibiu ,Suceava Plateau .

peach : Dobrogea, North-west of the country.

cherry and sour : Banat, South and west of the country.

dryer, walnut.

II. Livestock

And this sector is affected by transit, registering a decline in terms of

livestock due to :

-abolition C.A.P sites

-natural disasters, lack of financial funds to private producers etc.

The most important sectors are :

1. Cattle breeding – is where livestock herds have experienced the

sharpest cuts.

Predominate in the highest areas : mountain, plateau, give him based on

natural pastures and meadows.

Regions: Northern Moldavia and Plain Southern Moldova, Maramures ,

Northern and Eastern Transylvania .

2. Raising sheep – traditional areas is highest in the Eastern Carpathians,

Southern Carpathians and the Moldavian Plateau respectively, but in recent

decades due to intensive farming systems the largest flocks are found in

Dobrogea , Romanian Plain, Western Plain.

3. Raising pigs – is practiced in corn growing areas Banat , Romanian Plain

or potato, Transylvania.

4. Increase horses – or races traction, studs Rusetu , Cislau, Mangalia, Lower

Saturday

5. Poultry – especially in rural areas , grain , driven by higher demand.

6. Beekeeping - tradition, practiced mostly in the South and Southeast

(Romanian Plain ,the Danube Delta , Dobrogea ).

7. Sericulture , silk worn rearing – Banat , Romanian Plain.

Bibliography

•http://referat.clopotel.ro/Agricultura-8976.html

•http://www.referat.ro/referate_despre/agricultura_romaniei_referat.html