AGRICULTURE & ALLIED STUDY IN WEST BENGAL & MP

Summer Project Report

“Value Chain Analysis of various Rural Trades in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh“

Under the Guidance of:Mr. N Sai Krishna

Head-Research, NSFI

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements forPGDM-ABM

By

Akanksha Giri

PGDM (ABM) 2013-15

National Institute of Agricultural Extension and Management

(MANAGE), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

June 2014

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my love and sincere gratitude for my parents, teachers and God for their immense support and blessings.

I express my earnest gratitude and thanks to Dr. K. Anand Reddy, Principal Coordinator, PGPABM 2013-15, National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad who have always been an incessant spring of inspiration and guidance, for their support and blessings.

I am grateful to National Skills Foundation of India (NSFI) for providing me the opportunity to work on this project. I earnestly thank Mr. Satender Arya, CEO, NSFI Gurgaon for providing me the opportunity of working in a learning and motivating environment of the organization.

I am very grateful to my project guide, Mr. N Sai Krishna, Head- Research who infallibly extended their helping hand and also provided me direction and guidance at understanding the processes and report preparation during my project work.

I also express my gratitude to the team members of research, NSFI Gurgaon in general for their help and support during the course of the summer project.

Last but not the least, all persons who have helped me directly or indirectly during the project and whose name could not find a separate place due to my naivety are duly acknowledged.

Akanksha Giri PGDM (ABM) 2013-15MANAGE, Hyderabad

Akanksha Giri, PGDM (ABM) 2013-15, MANAGE Page 1

DECLARATION

This is to declare that, I, Akanksha Giri (Roll number: 05), student of Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Agri- Business Management), 2013-2015 batch, National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad have given original and authentic data, information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of my knowledge during the project titled “Value Chain Analysis of various Rural Trades in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh“ is taken from authentic internal data of above mentioned organizations and is maintained with full confidentiality. No part of this information has been used for any other assignment except for the partial fulfilment of the requirements towards the completion of the said course.

Akanksha GiriPGDM (ABM) 2013-15MANAGE, HyderabadDate: June 2014


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No Particular Page No.

1. Executive summary 4

2. About NSFI 5

3. Skill Development in India 6

4. Project 1: Value chain analysis of various Agri- related rural livelihood trades in West Bengal

7

5. Research Methodology of the Study in West Bengal 9

6. Common Problems in developing effective value chain in Agriculture and allied sector commodities in Indian scenario

10-11

7. Enabling environment for setting up the small enterprise 12

8. Project 2: Market Led Vegetable Cultivation in Bhopal Districts of Madhya Pradesh: A Market Study

13

9. Unlimited Potential in Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh 14

10. Methodology 15-18

11. The Inter-relationship of Production and Marketing 19

12. Suggestions for Improvement 20

13. CONCLUSIONS: General Observations 20

14. Recommendations 21

15. APPENDIX: 1 GRAPH Prices of vegetables in Bhopal throughout the year (2013)

22-24

16. APPENDIX: 2 Graphs depicting slump periods in Bhopal and comparing it with other markets of India

25-33

17. APPENDIX: 3 QUESTIONNAIRE 34-55


Executive summary

The present study entitled “Value Chain Analysis of various Rural Trades in West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh“ was conceived by NSFI to understand and analysis the skill gaps of the farmer towards Rural trades, to find the important parameters taken by the farmer for decision making, hence to conclusively decide and approach the needs for the development.

The traditionally some parts of West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh are rich in agriculture and agri- allied activities. These areas are untapped, small and scattered markets and can generate future potential for income generation for rural livelihood.

So, the project was undertaken in four districts of West Bengal (North 24 Paraganas, Birbhum, Bankura and West Midnapore) and Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh.

The main objectives of project are: To identify the various Agri- related rural trades To study various means of livelihood To study skill gaps regarding the mentioned Agri-related setors To identify the needs for the enterprise development in small scale Scopes and opportunities for establishing small scale enterprise Benefits , Prospects and Challenges for the establishment of small scale enterprise To study and map market potential and better price realization of the products and

services

For these objectives farmers and small entrepreneurs were interviewed. After data collection and analysis the inferences and suggestions were made.


About NSFI

National Skills Foundation of India (NSFI) is a not for profit foundation focused on the objective of skill building and development of vocational opportunities for India’s large but relatively unskilled workforce. NSFI has been formed with the vision to enable sustainable livelihoods for people through skill development. NSFI is realizing its mission through enabling large scale trainings of unskilled / semi-skilled workers, rural youth, farmers, and women entrepreneurs across the nation with the objective of providing them access to growth sectors in formal labour markets. NSFI is developing partnership with Private sector, Governments, Universities, Institutions, multilateral agencies for skill development.

Vision

Empower people for sustainable livelihoods through skill development

Mission

Build knowledge base through R & D Address employability and sustainability concerns Build capacity and integrate various stakeholders

Focus Sector

NSFI is one of the leading organizations in the field of Skill Development and Capacity Building and works on the following major sectors.

Agriculture supply chain and food processing Digital literacy and soft skills Rural distribution services and farmers group Retailing, warehousing, distribution and logistics

NSFI is providing demand driven skill development, training facilities, career consultation, and course content for enhancing skill levels of the population.


Skill Development in India:

For over two decades India has witnessed impressive economic growth rates. Yet the country faces the formidable challenge of providing meaningful employment to its very large workforce of 430 million people with an additional 10 million entrants every year. Out of this workforce 395 million are employed in the unorganized sector where agriculture alone accounts for 253 million including agricultural labourers and small farmers. India is lagging far behind than other Asian or European counter parts in providing meaningful employment to its workforce. The government's measures to expand skill training still focuses largely on creating a workforce to meet the requirements of the organized sector adding up to the already existing large exodus of rural population. Several studies carried out on migration indicate tremendous exploitation, health hazards and a degrading social climate in the urban slums. It is here where the importance of vocational education and training (VET) strongly needs to be underlined. The VET programme is one such step towards this direction.

Challenges:

It is important for the “Ecopreneurs” to get linked to banks, financial institutions and other relevant government programmes and make necessary investments towards taking forward their businesses and their newly learnt skills

Provide support to the trainees so that they can prepare their business development plans and share with the relevant institutions for support. But as the trainees are from the poorest communities with a poor asset base, banks often consider them as credit unworthy and their enterprises non-viable. It takes lot of persuasion to convince the mainstream institutions on the genuineness of their action and profitability of the enterprises

Providing trainee’s with capital for expanding their business. Support from various donors and other relevant stakeholders are being sought to fulfil these intermediate gap

With the sound demonstration made by the first lot of trainees the linkage rate would also go higher


Project 1: Value chain analysis of various Agri- related rural livelihood trades in West Bengal

The project was undertaken in four districts of West Bengal.

Agri- related rural livelihood sectors:

Rural Trades/ Sectors Sub Trades

Small Holder FarmersVegetables

Mixed of rice, vegetable, fruits

Fisheries Fisheries

Livestock

Cows

Goat

Poultry

NTFP

Tasar

Sal Leaf Plate

Palm Jaggery

Solar Equipment & Maintenance Solar Equipment & Maintenance

Area Covered:

Gosaba, North 24 Paraganas Bolpur, Birbhum Bankura, Bankura Jhargram, West Midnapore


Map of West Bengal

The study was carried out through both primary and secondary research methodology, as well as qualitative and quantitative techniques.

Primary Research:

Primary research inputs were collected through research techniques such as in-depth discussions, formal interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Interview schedules, FGD Guidelines and points for field observations were developed in accordance to the study objectives. Consultation meetings were conducted with the following stakeholders to understand their perspectives on skill development

Secondary Research:

Secondary Data were collected from a number of sources including central, state and district government/administration agencies, especially the Department of Economics and Statistics, Department of Industries - and program specific information from departments with a mandate in skill training, and from studies commissioned by funding agencies, NGOs etc.


Research Methodology of the Study in West Bengal:

No. Trade Sub Trade

Districts

Gosaba, North 24

Paraganas

Bholpur, Birbhum

Bankura, Bankura

Dhargram, West

Midnapore

Sub Total / Grand Total

1.a

Smal

l H

olde

r Fa

rmer

s Vegetables 2 2 2 212

1.b Rice 1 1 1 1

2.a Fisheries Fisheries 6 6 0 0 12

3.a

Live

stoc

k Cows 2 2 2 2203.b Goat 1 1 1 1

3.c Poulty 2 2 2 24.a

NTF

P

Tasar 0 2 2 0

124.b Sal Leaf Plate 0 0 0 4

4.c Palm Jaggery 0 4 0 0

5.aSolar

Equipment & Maintenance

Solar Equipment & Maintenance

4 0 0 0 4

Sub Total / Grand Total 18 20 10 12 60

Total number of persons to survey: 60

Criteria for Re-appropriating the sample numbers across trades and locations

Criteria 1 Trade should fulfil the numbers (total 12 in each trade)

Criteria 2 Sub trade should fulfil corresponding numbersCriteria 3 If any trade / sub trade assumes large number (in lieu of available trades in a location) the numbers to be reassigned to sub trades attracting lesser count


Introduction

Value Chain: It includes all activities and services that are undertaken along a commodity system from the primary producer to the final consumer and additional value is created as products move from one stage to another

Source: Michael Porter value chain

The activities within the organisation add value to the service and products that the organisation produces, and all these activities should be run at optimum level if the organisation is to gain any real competitive advantage. If they are run efficiently the value obtained should exceed the costs of running them i.e. customers should return to the organisation and transact freely and willingly

Components of effective value chain:

Production to consumption system Production to harvesting system Post harvest Transport Processing Marketing and selling


Common Problems in developing effective value chain in Agriculture and allied sector commodities in Indian scenario

Lack of quality seed/seedling/planting material/breed Seasonality of production Post-harvest losses of produce Lack of proper/efficient value addition technologies Lack of assured markets for final/finished/value added products Poor linkages between growers/producers and industries/consumers Absence of efficient supply chain Price volatility

Problem faced by SMEs or Small enterprise:

Technical, capital, resources and network deficit Unable to follow the protocols defined by the global value chain policies. This even

happens with in the developed countries In developed countries, SMEs are trapped from two sides. They are exposed to the

global value chain and on the other side they are not able to follow the protocols i.e. is their standards, quality etc. For example, the costs of obtaining ISO accreditation are generally invariant with respect to firm-size, and thus tend to disadvantage SMEs

Very complex in setting the benchmark They are required to sell their products through intermediaries

Suggestions:

Education meant for the disadvantaged and socially excluded communities Developing entrepreneurs in rural areas as a result directly impacting rural

economy and economy of the country at large Training the marginalized based on their need, and should be cost effective The training package should consists of skill building, experiential learning,

interaction with potential employers and support for raising resources from financial institutions and government

Certification approved by government of India which recognize their skills and thereby enhance their employability

One year incubation support from the institution post training for fine tuning the business ideas and troubleshooting


Enabling environment for setting up the small enterprise:

Public investment Value chain upgradation

Accumulating larger quantities of product Domestication Introduction of new technologies

Organization formation Cooperatives for prevention of external shocks Private sectors, government, NGO’s and/or communities for information,

market Supply driven approach

Short chains (supply driven)- collectors and producers making decisions Longer chains (demand driven)- actors closer to consumer determine what

is produced, where, when and how Support services

Training Exhibitions Market linkages Technology up gradation

Financial services Microcredits Improvement with the provision of high quality technical support

Policy and regulations Need for licenses for farm ponds, NTFP’s, water uptake and discharge Environmental impact assessment (EIA’s) for structures Environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy,

program or project prior the implementation or setting of an enterprise

Questionnaire:

Format and detailed questionnaire is present in Appendix 1


Project 2: Market Led Vegetable Cultivation in Bhopal Districts of Madhya Pradesh: A Market Study

The project was undertaken in Bhopal districts of Madhya Pradesh. The overall objectives of the study were:

To identify the vegetable growing pockets of Madhya Pradesh in Bhopal district To analyse the production and marketing of vegetables in Madhya Pradesh. To study acres and volume potential of markets in these districts in terms of price

and quality To study vegetable preferences of farmers in the area To identify distribution channels for vegetables in Bhopal To study and map market potential and better price realization of vegetables in

other parts of the India To estimate the production cost and net profit of vegetables To analyse the marketing of vegetables with the following dimensions:

To estimate the marketable surplus and marketed surplus of vegetables To estimate the marketing costs and margins of vegetables To estimate the producers’ and middlemen’s share in the consumer’s rupee To analyse the marketing efficiency of vegetables

To identify the issues in the vegetable business and suggest measures to improve the system.

For these objectives farmers were interviewed. After data collection and analysis inferences and suggestions were made.

Vegetables under consideration:

Bitter gourd Brinjal long Brinjal round Cabbage Cauliflower Garlic Chilly Okra Peas Tomato hybrid Tomato local


Map of Bhopal

Primary Data Collection:

The study was exploratory in nature and thus questionnaires were developed to get relevant data from the respondents (farmers).

Secondary Research:

Secondary Data were collected from a number of sources including central, state and district government/administration agencies, especially the Department of Agriculture and Statistics, and from studies commissioned by private agencies or individuals.

Statistical analysis:

Data Analysis was done using Microsoft excel


Introduction:

Unlimited Potential in Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh:

Madhya Pradesh, with its large area, enjoys diverse climatic and soil conditions suitable for a broad range of agricultural products. Agriculture sector in Madhya Pradesh forms the backbone of its economy. It contributes almost one-fourth of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and is the main source of employment for over 70 per cent of the population and constitutes about 60- 75 per cent of the rural income.

In the agriculture sector as a whole, progress has been impressive. From a sluggish growth rate of 1.5-2% in the eighties, the sector has made rapid strides growing at the rate of 8-9%, faster than the all India average of 3.1%. Through irrigation facilities, improved technologies and farm-practices, the state has achieved a growth rate of 18.96% during 2011-12 with efficient utilisation of rain-fed areas. Production of cereals went up by 43%, of pulses by 54% and of cotton by 10%, oilseeds production grew up by 143% (from 2.24 million tonnes to 5.45 million tonnes). The state is also a major producer of linseed, mustard, sunflower, safflower and niger.

Agro-climatic diversity and topographical variations enable the state to grow a wide range of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cash crops, besides being home to myriad varieties of plant species, both in forest areas and outside. Various tropical fruits and vegetables and spices like coriander, chili and garlic are also widely grown. The farmers of the state are highly adaptive towards undertaking the cultivation of new crops, which hold promise of economic returns. The success story of soybean in the state is a case in point. Madhya Pradesh leads in the production of gram, linseed, green pea, garlic and coriander. Areas under cultivation of safflower and sunflower are also expanding.

The state possesses large tracks of cultivable virgin wastes as well as untapped irrigation potential. The easy availability of land at reasonable prices is unmatched. Its human resource is well recognized for its diligence, skills and adaptability. The state is renowned for its cordial industrial relations.

Madhya Pradesh now expects entrepreneurs with vision and commitment to harness the potential of this sector. There exists necessary political will and commitment and the organisational set up is responsive. Nature is benevolent and the State Government is responsive to the needs of its private partners. Attractive incentives are being provided to the private sector matching with what is being provided by other States. Entrepreneurs can gainfully contribute in growing sector for the attainment of their aspirations and for the prosperity of the state.


Area, production and productivity of vegetables:

STATE/UT’S AREA (IN ‘000HA) PRODUCTION (IN ‘000MT) PRODUCTIVITY (IN MT/HA)

Madhya 612.8 12574.0 20.5Pradesh

Agricultural Indices

Total Geographical Area

308.00 lakh hectares Net Sown Area,152.23 lakh hectares Double Cropped Area,69.26 lakh hectares Gross Cropped Area, 221.49 lakh

hectares

Irrigated Area 74.211 lakh hectares Cropping Intensity, 139%

Land Holdings73.60 lakh Small & Marginal Farmers, 47.89 lakh Other Farmers, 25.71 lakh Tractors, 2.18 lakh Electricity Pump Sets, 12.92 lakh

Diesel Pump Sets

Sub Mandis 273

Electronic Weighing Machines

5548

Soil Testing Laboratories

25

Seed Farms 42

Agro-Climatic Zones 11

Location Madhya Pradesh is the very heart of India. Its central location offers logistical advantages.

Climate

The climatic pattern broadly varies from marginally semi-arid conditions over north- western districts to dry winters and hot summers over the plateau of the Vindhyan and Satpura Ranges and the adjoining planes in the north, and tropical climate with a distinct dry season in winter over southern parts.

Rainfall

The annual rainfall varies from 700 mm over the north-eastern regions to 1600 mm over the southern parts. In general, the rainfall shows a declining trend from the south-east and eastern areas to the north-west and west. In most of the districts, the winters are cool and prolonged. In the winter months, the temperatures fall to about 14 degrees Celsius in the south-east and to 7 degrees Celsius in the north-west.


Leading Status:

Madhya Pradesh is the third largest producer of wheat in the country, accounting for 13.3 per cent of the total production in the country.

The state is the largest producer of pulses, accounting for 22.54 per cent of the total production in the country.

The state also ranks the highest in oilseed production in the country, on account of its dominance in soybean production. Approximately, 54.01 per cent of the total soybean production of the country takes place in Madhya Pradesh.

Some allied sectors like Horticulture, Dairy and Inland Fisheries are also being concentrated upon here. The state enjoys distinction in Horticulture. It has a cropped area of 4, 02,851 hectares under Horticulture.

It leads in spices with the largest production of Garlic, accounting for 37% of the total production in the country and is the second largest producer of coriander in the country. Among vegetables, Malwa potato has gained reputation for potato chips processing. Share in pea production is also 15%.

Mangoes, Guavas, Bananas and Citrus fruits are among the main fruit products. It has a large percentage of bovine population. It is the third largest producer of milk

after Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Inland fishery provides an opportunity for great investments and employment, given

the fact that the state has 3.9 lakh hectares of water area for fish culture and an additional 20000 km of riparian area.

Crop Production Schemes:

Integrated Cereal Development Programme (Rice) Integrated Cereal Development Programme (Coarse Cereal) Sustainable Development of Sugarcane Ÿ Balanced and Integrated use of Fertilisers Integrated Pest Management National Watershed Development Programme in Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) River Valley & Flood Prone Schemes Promotion of Farm Mechanisation Promotion of High Yielding and Quality Seeds Development of organic and sustainable agriculture Agri- Extension Training and Communication Support Development of Information Technology Scheme for augmentation of ground- water

Content Courtesy: MP Madhyam.


Bhopal:

Bhopal has an average elevation of 427 metres (1401 ft). Bhopal is located in the central part of India, and is just north of the upper limit of the Vindhya mountain ranges. Located on the Malwa plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the Vindhya Range to the south. The city has uneven elevation and has small hills within its boundaries. The major hills in Bhopal comprise of Idgah hills and Shyamala hills in the northern region and Arera hills in the central region. The municipality covers 298 square kilometres] It has two very beautiful big lakes, collectively known as the Bhoj Wetland. These lakes are the Upper Lake (built by King Bhoj) and the Lower Lake. Locally these are known as the Bada Talab and Chota Talab respectively. The catchment area of the Upper Lake is 360 km² while that of the Lower Lake is 9.6 km². According to the 2011 census the population of the Bhopal city is about 1,795,648 and population of Bhopal district stands at 2,368,145.

Climate:

Month Average high °C (°F)

Average low °C (°F)

Precipitation mm (inches)

Jan 25.3 (77.5) 10.2 (50.4) 12.9 (0.508)

Feb 28.6 (83.5) 12.4 (54.3) 7.8 (0.307)

Mar 33.6 (92.5) 17.1 (62.8) 7.2 (0.283)

Apr 38.3 (100.9) 21.8 (71.2) 4.5 (0.177)

May 40.7 (105.3) 25.5 (77.9) 8.0 (0.315)

Jun 37.0 (98.6) 25.3 (77.5) 114.0 (4.488)

Jul 30.6 (87.1) 23.1 (73.6) 355.8 (14.008)

Aug 28.8 (83.8) 22.4 (72.3) 388.4 (15.291)

Sep 30.5 (86.9) 21.4 (70.5) 195.8 (7.709)

Oct 32.0 (89.6) 18.4 (65.1) 26.2 (1.031)

Nov 29.0 (84.2) 14.1 (57.4) 13.7 (0.539)

Dec 25.9 (78.6) 10.9 (51.6) 12.4 (0.488)


Year 31.7 (89.1) 18.6 (65.5) 1,146.7 (45.146)

Vegetables production in Bhopal:

S. No VegetablesArea inhectare

Production in mn MT

Productivity in MT/ Ha

1 Potato 70903 10.64 15

2 Sweet Potato 3777 0.23 6

3 Onion 46787 7.49 16

4 Tomato 18254 2.74 15

5 Brinjal 13219 1.98 15

6 Cabbage 3366 0.67 20

7 Cauliflower 7648 1.22 16

8 Okra 8571 0.51 6

9 Green Peas 17278 1.90 11

10 Other Vegetables 56416 7.9 14

Total 246219 35.28

Source: Department of Horticulture and Food Processing

The Inter-relationship of Production and Marketing

As a link between producer and consumer, marketing plays a very important role, not only in stimulating production and consumption but also in increasing the rate of economic development. Its dynamic functions are thus of primary importance in promoting economic activities and it has therefore been described as the most important factor in the development of the vegetable business.

It is necessary to improve the marketing system to aid development for two reasons: firstly, if additional produce does not fetch additional revenue in the market, it may work as a disincentive to increased production; secondly, if the market does not supply consumers with produce at reasonable prices and at the time and place needed, then increased production has no meaning in a welfare society.

Like any marketing system, vegetable marketing is a process which begins with the decision to produce a saleable commodity and involves all aspects of market structure, functional and institutional, based on technical and economic considerations. It also includes pre- and postharvest operations – assembling, grading, storage, transportation and distribution. Increased production results in a greater percentage increase of marketable surplus, accompanied by an increase in demand from the


urban population which ultimately calls for rapid improvements in the existing vegetable business system.

Suggestions for Improvement:

Suggestions made to improve the existing production and marketing system of horticultural produce at every level was:-

Storage facilities should be provided at every level The infrastructure should improve to maintain hygienic conditions Market-related information such as daily and weekly prices of horticultural produce

should be disseminated among those needing this information Cheaper transportation should be provided to reduce marketing costs at producer and

middleman levels Regular checks of measures and weights should be made to ensure exact weighing Extension agencies should provide information on new varieties and packages of

practices as well as procedures of standardization and grading of produce and their benefits

Banking institutions should provide finance/credit with less formality to meet credit requirements

Market regulatory authorities should address the issue of unfair deductions at the market place

Horticultural crop producers’ cooperative societies should be formed for better performance and achievement

Some specific minimum prices should be declared for vegetables to ensure benefit for the producers

CONCLUSIONS: General Observations

The majority of respondent growers did vegetable farming to fulfil their urgent need for money for daily life

The lower and backward strata of society were vegetable producers in the study area. The higher strata of respondents were not very interested in the vegetable production business

The vegetable production business was not taken as per the prescribed package of practice

A lack of adequate institutional credit facilities at producer level was prevalent in the study area

The majority of selected vegetable crop growers produced vegetables only in the Kharif or rainy season and Rabi or winter season, because of the lack of irrigation facilities


Recommendations:

Refrigerated van may be supported with NHM to the grower for transport of vegetables to far away market

Farm planning committee should be formed for establishing the orchards and planning of farm lay out with proper drainage

Aggregator with excellent collection centre cum Retail outlet in the heart of the city with cold room and cold chamber should be established

Horticulture produce from the Farmer's field should be shorted, graded and packed for further delivery

The centre should have on line computer facilities to carry out day to day works The higher strata of society should be encouraged to be involved in the commercial

vegetable production business Cheaper, faster transportation should be available to cut down the time of transit Adequate institutional credit facilities should be provided in time to growers to avoid

distress sale of produce Growers should be informed of the latest varieties and their precise package of

practice to achieve better production levels Improvement of infrastructure facilities of irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide etc so that

growers could consider producing crops in the Zaid or summer season Provision of market-related information at the doorstep of producers so that they

fetch the exact prices for produce Minimize the number of middlemen in marketing channels Introduce essential grading and standardization packing and packaging of produce to

ensure quality of produce for the consumer


APPENDIX: 1 GRAPH

Prices of vegetables in Bhopal throughout the year (2013)

For the graphs plotted below following assumptions have been made:

Modal prices have been taken into consideration i.e. the price at which most of the vegetables were sold

The period of study is from 1 Jan. 2013 to 31 Dec. 2013

Slump periods of the vegetables in Bhopal:

Slump period here refers to the price of the vegetables when are not fetching good prices in the market

Vegetables Max. price periods Price Slump periods

Bitter gourd Feb.-mar, Aug. May-June, Sep.

Brinjal long June- Aug. Jan.-May, Sep.-Dec.

Brinjal round June- Aug. Jan.-May, Sep.-Dec

Cabbage July- Aug. Jan.-June, Sep.-Dec.

Cauliflower Aug.-Oct. Jan.-July, Nov.-Dec.

Garlic July- Aug., Dec. Jan.-April, Sep.- Oct.

Chilly July- Aug., Dec. Jan.-April, Sep. - Oct.

Okra Jan. - April, July- Aug. April- June, Sep. - Oct., Dec.

Peas April Jan.-April, Dec.

Tomato hybrid June-Aug. Jan. - April, Sep.- Nov.

Tomato local May-June, Nov Jan. – April, Dec.

5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

PEAS



500

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4500

BITTER GOURD BITTER_GOURD

5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan 5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan 5-Jul5-Jan 5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan5-Jul5-Jan 5-Jul5-Jan 5-Jul5-Jan0

500

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4500

TOMATO HYBRID


1000

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6000

TOMATO LOCAL TOMATO_LOCAL


500

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BRINJAL_LONGBRINJAL_LONG


500

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BRINJAL_ROUNDBRINJAL_ROUND



500

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CABBAGECABBAGE


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CAULIFLOWER CAULIFLOWER

5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan5-Jan0

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OKRAOKRA

5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul 5-Jan 5-Jul0

100020003000400050006000700080009000

CHILLYCHILLY


1000

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7000

8000

GARLIC GARLIC


APPENDIX: 2 Graphs depicting slump periods in Bhopal and comparing it with other markets of India

BITTER GOURD:

01-Jan

4 8 11

15

18-Jan

3 7 10

14

20

23

27

30 3 6 1

013

17

20th

june

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

CHENNAIHYDERABADBANGALOREBHOPAL

01-Jan

4 8 11

15

18-Jan

3 7 10

14

20

23

27

30 3 6 1

013

17

20th

june

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

JAIPURBHOPALSHIMLADELHI

01-Jan

4 8 11

15

18-Jan

3 7 10

14

20

23

27

30 3 6 1

013

17

20th

june

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

BHOPALAHMEDABADMUMBAINAGPURNASIK

01-Jan

4 8 11

15

18-Jan

3 7 10

14

20

23

27

30 3 6 1

013

17

20th

june

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

RAIPURRANCHIKOLKATABHOPAL


CABBAGE:

4164014 29 10 22 7 19 3 16 30 13 28 9 23 5 180

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

BHOPALBANGALORECHENNAIHYDERABAD

41640 14 29 10 22 7 19 3 16 30 13 28 9 23 5 180

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

BHOPALSHIMLAJAIPURDELHI

41640 15 31 13 27 12 26 11 26 10 27 9 24 7 210

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

AHMEDABADMUMBAINAGPURNASIKBHOPAL

4164014 29 10 22 7 19 3 16 30 13 28 9 23 5 180

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

RAIPURRANCHIKOLKATABHOPAL


CAULIFLOWER:

4164011 21 2 13 23 6 16 28 9 194176011 24 4 14 260

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

BHOPALDELHIJAIPURSHIMLA

41640 12 23 6 18 41699 13 25 8 19 2 14 28 9 200

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BHOPALBANGALORECHENNAIHYDERABAD

41640 12 23 6 18 41699 13 25 8 19 2 14 28 9 200

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


4164011 21 2 13 23 6 16 28 9 194176011 24 4 14 260

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BHOPALKOLKATARAIPURRANCHI


GARLIC:

01-Jan 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 7 14 22 17 25 2 110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

BANGALOREBHOPALCHENNAIHYDERABAD

01-Jan 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 7 14 22 17 25 2 110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

AHMEDABADMUMBAINAGPURNASIKBHOPAL

01-Jan 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 7 14 22 17 25 2 110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

BHOPALRAIPURRANCHIKOLKATA

01-Jan 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 7 14 22 17 25 2 110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

SHIMLADELHIBHOPALJAIPUR


OKRA:

41683

19

25 2 1

723

30 6 1

120

25

31 6 1

2 2 7 14

20

26

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

BANGALOREBHOPALHYDERABADCHENNAI

41683

19

25 2 1

723

30 6 1

120

25

31 6 1

2 2 7 14

20

26

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000


41683

19

25 2 1

723

30 6 1

120

25

31 6 1

2 2 7 14

20

26

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000


41683

19

25 2 1

723

30 6 1

120

25

31 6 1

2 2 7 14

20

26

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

AHMEDABAD

BHOPAL

MUMBAI

NAGPUR

NASIK


PEAS:

41660

24

30 3 6 9 1

215

19

22

26

41699

5 8 11

14

18

21

25

30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

HYDERABADBANGALOREBHOPALCHENNAI

41660

24

30 3 6 9 1

215

19

22

26

41699

5 8 11

14

18

21

25

30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

SHIMLADELHIBHOPALJAIPUR

41660

24

30 3 6 9 1

215

19

22

26

41699

5 8 11

14

18

21

25

30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

KOLKATABHOPALRAIPURRANCHI

41660

24

30 3 6 9 1

215

19

22

26

41699

5 8 11

14

18

21

25

30

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000



CHILLY:

416409 17 28 5 12 20 28 8 15 23 4 12 20 28 7 16 240

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000


416409 17 28 5 12 20 28 8 15 23 4 12 20 28 7 16 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

BHOPALMUMBAIAHMEDABADNAGPURNASIK

41640 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 8 15 23 4 12 20 28 7 16 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

RAIPURBHOPALKOLKATARANCHI

41640 9 17 28 5 12 20 28 8 15 23 4 12 20 28 7 16 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

SHIMLADELHIJAIPURBHOPAL


TOMATO HYBRID:

01-Jan 12 24 06-Feb 1801-Mar12 23 06-Apr 18 2 14 26 8 210

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500


01-Jan 14 29 10 22 07-Mar 19 3 16 1st sep 14 27 10 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

BHOPALCHENNAIBANGALORE

01-Jan 14 29 10 22 07-Mar 19 3 16 1st sep 14 27 10 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

AHMEDABADBHOPALMUMBAINAGPURNASIK

01-Jan 12 24 06-Feb 1801-Mar12 23 06-Apr 18 2 14 26 8 210

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

JAIPURSHIMLABHOPALDELHI


TOMATO LOCAL:

41640

7 12

18

24

41671

41676

12

18

23

41699

41704

41709

41714

23

41730

41735

12

18

25

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500


41640

7 12

18

24

41671

41676

12

18

23

41699

41704

41709

41714

23

41730

41735

12

18

25

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

BHOPALMUMBAINAGPUR

41640

7 12

18

24

41671

41676

12

18

23

41699

41704

41709

41714

23

41730

41735

12

18

25

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

JAIPURBHOPAL

41640

7 12

18

24

41671

41676

12

18

23

41699

41704

41709

41714

23

41730

41735

12

18

25

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

BHOPALRAIPURRANCHIKOLKATA


APPENDIX: 3 (QUESTIONNAIRE)Basic information:

1. For how many years you are practising this profession? Have you undergone any type of training? If yes, specify the training you undertook.

2. Who all are involved / helped in this profession? If any, mention.

3. Are you new to the profession, from where (and whom) did you come to know about it?

4. Why did you choose to take it as a profession or a means of livelihood?

2.1. Are you working in collaboration/ seeking support for the following services:Support services Enter code Benefits received

Banking facilitiesAgri inputsMachineryTrainingMarkets and product sellingInformation Others, specify

(1. NGO, 2. Cooperatives, 3. Private players, 4. Government/ State agencies, 5.KVK, 6.Forest department, 7. Others, specify)

3. What is the nature & extent of support?

4. Did you take any financial support for the capital items? (Give examples) From whom: (Tick mark wherever applicable) what are the difficulties faced during the process?

From whom Funds taken

Interest rate Difficulties faced in the procedure to seek funds

Whom do you seek support from to get over these challenges

BanksMoney lenders

NeighboursGovernment/ State agencies

Relatives

Others, specify

5. Do you have any buy arrangement with any party? If yes, with whom?

5.1. How it is benefiting you?


5.2. Is any kind of difficulties faced? Yes or no. If yes, please state:

6. Are you aware of farming cooperatives? If yes, what do you know about it?

6.1. If no, are you thinking of forming any farmer groups or cooperatives?

6.2. Have you formed any farmer cooperatives? If yes, is it benefitting you and other fellow farmers? What are the benefits?

7. Marketing:7.1. Selling of products to:

Sold to Quantity (Kg) Price received Difficulties faced (if any)Present season

Last season

NGOPrivate playersSHGsMarketOthers, specify

7.2. To whom the selling of products is easy and from where the maximum profit gained?

8. Do you have linkages to the following institutes?Institutes Specific area Benefits

SAUNGOCooperativesPrivate playersGovernment agenciesState agenciesOthers

9. Profitability analysis:Profitability analysis Factors Information

Productivity

Cost of production

Market price of the product QualitySpeciesDemandOther factors


Sustainable agriculture (Pond based)

1. Area of cultivation:

Cultivable water area √×

Area dimensions (hectare)

Own water bodiesPublic water bodiesTotal Size

2. Fish species: Are you aware of the fish species? If yes, which variety do you catch?

Fish Species √×

Quantity produce Farming Technique used

Major carpsRohuCatla

Mrigal

Exotic carpsGrass carpSilver carp

Common carp

Natural fish

KaiMagurSingi

MouralaOther, specify

(Farming Technique: 1. Run-off; 2. Ground water; 3. Borrow pits; 4.using siphoned or pumped water; 5. Rice paddies; 6. Ponds integrated; 7. Small water bodies; 8. others, specify)

3. Source of inputs:

Operational inputs Enter code Quantity brought

Cost incurred Last time bought

Working life

a) Fish seedsb) Feed ingredientsc) Flake iced) Fertilizers/chemicalse) Others

(1.Self, 2. Government agencies, 3. Dealers & retailers, 4. Retailers, 5. Cooperatives, 6. NGO, 7. Any others, specify)

4. Nursery details:Specifications Details

Numbers and size of nursery tanksProduction capacity (in million spawn per production cycle)Production cycles proposed to be taken per yearCapacity of the nurseries (No. Of fish per Tank)Source of waterFish weight Range(g)

5. Value chain analysis:5.1. Pre-production activities:


Activities What are all the practices you follow, please illustrate

If not, where do you think you can get the information (please mention the name of the person and the phone number)

Pond preparationPrimary fertilization

Fish stockingSecondary fertilization(Pond preparation (done in the coolest months when ponds are drained, and maintenance or repairs of dikes are carried out)Primary fertilization (initial introductions of wastewater into the pond and allowed to undergo natural purification and stirring of the pond in order to reduce anaerobic conditions in the sediments)Fish stocking (where farmers initially stock a small number of fish to test for water quality, subsequently stocking up to four times)Secondary fertilization (periodic introductions of wastewater into the ponds throughout the growth cycle)

5.2. Production activities: 1. How do you feed the fishes in the pond – by hand / by hopper?

2.[1.] Are you aware of the advantages of using hopper?

3.[2.] If not using any hopper, where do you think you can get the information of the hoppers or whom you should contact for the same? (if you are aware, please furnish the name and phone number of the concerned person)

4.[3.] How many times the feeding of fish is done? (Mention the feed materials)

5.[4.] Whom do you contact for any information about the type of feed material and their uses for fish growth? Please furnish the name and phone number of the person.

5.3.[4.3.] Harvesting: Are you aware, in which month/season the fish catchment is the highest and when does it fetch better price? If not aware, whom do you think you should contact (name & phone number)

5.4. Post-harvest handling of the fish:

Activities Practice followed If not, where do you think you can get the information (name & phone number)

Primary activities

SortingGrading fish (size) and

moving to holding units

Chilling

Secondary activities

FilletingBy handMachine

5.5. Disease Diagnosis and Control:1. Are you aware of the diseases of fishes? If yes, what are symptoms?

2. What are the types of diseases mainly found?


3. Are you aware of the controlling measures? What are the various methods used by you for the prevention of diseases or viral infections?

4. Whom would you contact in case you cannot diagnose the symptoms of a disease or their control measures? (Name & phone number)

5.6. 'Harvesting technique:1. Are you aware of different harvesting techniques? Which harvesting methods do you use and do you harvest different species with different method? If yes, mention the species and the harvesting methods:

2. What are the measures you follow to ensure the quality of fishes? What is the source of information?

Measures Yes/no Source of information (name & phone number)Making regular checks on water temperature and oxygen contentCleaning filters and screens that trap leaves and other debrisTreating water before releasing it back into the riverMaintaining buildings, equipment and fish habitatsPackaging after harvesting Plastic sheets

Others, specify

6. Selling of products to:

Sold to Quantity (Kg)

Price received

Major market Challenges faced (if any)

Seafood processorsGrocery stores

Seafood marketsRestaurants

Directly to consumersOthers

To whom the selling of products is easy and from where the maximum profit gained?


NTFP processing and value addition

1. What type of right do you have to collect NTFP?Extraction area Type of produce Quantity (kg) Purpose for extraction

Government land

With RightsWithout rights

Private leasesAny Others, specify

TUSSAR FARMING1. Cocoon collection:

Availability of trees No. Of Cocoons collectedSalArjunAsanOther, specify

2. (If involved in the profession for years) do you have enough common proprietary resources? What is the extent of resources and how many people are dependent on it?

2.1. Have you seen any differences in the quantity of cocoons collected in the last few years?

3.1. What is the time taken for the silk formation and how many batches of cocoon rearing is done at a time?

Rearing method Rearing month Time taken for rearing Batches of cocoons rearedOutdoor

3.2. In which month the production is the highest and the better price fetch?

4. Diseases:1. What are the different Symptoms of diseases you have observed that has affected the quantity of cocoons collected? How do you identify these diseases? Provide the following details:

Stages of lifecycle

Symptoms of diseases observed

Management techniques followed (if any)

If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you

should contact for the same?Egg stage

Larval stage

Pupal stage

Moth stage

3.5.2. Are you aware of the diseases of silkworms (Pebrine)? If yes, what are symptoms of the diseases?


4. Cocoon rearing:4.1. What are the rearing equipments do you used? Please mention:

4.2. What type of losses you incurred during rearing? Mention: 12.3.4.

4.3. Do you use any method to avoid these losses? If yes, state the methods used:1.2.3.

4.4. If no, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

5. Post cocoon processing:

5.1. What are the different procedures you followed during the processing?

Processing steps ProcedureDeviation from the standard procedure

What are the steps you perform in the process?

StiflingThe process of killing

the cocoon

Soaked in 5% Soda (Na2CO3) solutions (18 hours )

Steam cooking in pressure chambers (2½ hours)

After 24 hours, washing in 0.5% formalin (15-20 minutes) followed

by washing with water.Reeling

The process of removing the threads

from the killed cocoons

The waste outer layer, damaged cocoons and peduncles are teased

SpinningSpooling threads

Silk thread is spun on earthen mutka. The spun silk is commonly

known as katia matka.

5.2. What is the silk yield you obtain?

5.3. Did you follow any techniques in the past which increases the yield? Mention the techniques followed:



SAL LEAF PLATE

1. Leaves collection Specifications:Specifications Quantities

Leaves collected/ monthPlate Production/ monthSelling / month

2. Production process: 2.1. Do you think the drying duration affects the quality of the final product? If yes, what do you think may be the reasons?

2.2. Do the leaves get damaged during drying process? If yes, what is the quantity of losses occurred? What do you think are the reasons for such damage?

2.5. Do you perform cleaning and sorting of leaves during drying process? If yes, what are the procedures/steps do you perform?

2.6. What is the extra time taken for the cleaning and sorting process? Is it benefitting you? If yes, what are the benefits you are receiving? Mention:

2.7. Do you treat the leaves with the moisture absorbent? If yes, what are the benefits of the treatment? From where do you get the information?


2.9. How is the stitching of the leaves done? (Hand or machine used)

2.10. If machine used, from where did you get the machine? Have you owned it or it is in lease? At what price did you bought that machine? If it is on lease basis, what is the lease amount?

2.11. What are the benefits you are receiving? Mention:

2.12. If you are not using machine, do you think it will benefit you? If yes where do you think you can get the machine information or whom you should contact for the same?

3. Quality measures:


3.1. What are the measures you follow to ensure the quality of plates? What is the source of information?

Measures Yes/noTechniques

followed/ method used

Any changes in the quality of the leaf

plates

Source of information (name & phone

number)Making regular checks on

water moisture before packing the finished product

leaf platesPackaging Plastic sheets

Others, specify

3.2. If the above techniques are not used, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

PALM JAGGERY

1. Sap extraction:1.1. Extraction area:

Major area of palm trees Quantity of Sap extracted Difficulties faced (if any)

1.2. Do you have your own palm trees farm? If yes, how much land area do you own? How much quantity of sap is collected at a time?

2. Collection and processing:1. How do you collect sap? Any special method used by you which has increased the efficiency of the collection? If yes, state the method:

2. Do you lime inside the containers? If yes, how it is done? Do you know the benefits of the liming process?

3. If not, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

4. Do you test the ph level in the juice? If yes, which method do you use? Is the testing done by you or the other party? Is the testing helping in maintaining the quality standard? If yes, how it is helping?

5. How the processing of the juice is done? What are the series of steps being followed by you?


6. How do you obtain concentration of desired consistency? Is any specific temperature or method used by you? If yes, what is the technique?

7. How to test the consistency of concentrated juice? What is the method being used by you?

8. Do you add additives for balancing of calcium content in jaggery for solidification? If yes, what do you add and what is the quantity of additive added?

3. Quality measures:3.1. Do you maintain the quality standards during the various processes? If yes, mention:

Process Quality measures followed during the processSap collectionHeatingAdditives usePackagingOthers, specify

3.2. Have the quality maintenance have fetched you higher prices?

3.3. Do you add any preservatives in the jaggery? If yes, is it natural or artificial?

3.4. Do you know how to increase the shelf life of the product? If yes, how can you do it? Do you follow it? If yes, what do you do for the same?


4. Are you aware of the Packaging Method? If yes, what are the packaging materials you used?Material For which product For which type of

customersMajor market

PaperPolytheneGunny bagsTinOther, specify

5. Did you diversify to other products other than palm jaggery? If yes, what are the products? : (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Products Quantity Cost incurred

Price received

Major markets

Palm candyPalm fibreHand fans (made of palm leaves)Other possible products, specify


Animal Care and Veterinary Health

Basic information:1. Have you set up any clinic for the diagnosis and treatment of all the local diseases of existing

animal in the nearby areas? If yes, when did you set up?

What are the difficulties faced (if any) in setting up the clinic?

2. Have you set up any commercial livestock or animal husbandry units? If yes, which animals do you rear? What is the number of animals in the husbandry units?

Animal Cost Varieties/ Species/ Breeds Numbers of animals Purpose of rearingMilch animals (cow, buffalo )

PoultryGoat

Any other, specify

2.1. Are you aware of different breeds? If yes, name them? Why do you rear only particular breed? Is there any specific reason?

2.2. Are you thinking of buying other breeds of animals? If yes, what is the purpose? Where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

3. Do you provide quality feed and fodder to the animals in the husbandry? What is the source of the animal feed? Do the quality feed cost you more? Is it benefitting you?

4. If not aware of the quality feed, do you think it will benefit you? Where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

5. From where do you procure pharmaceuticals? Do you have any collaboration with any private player? If yes, with whom do you work? Is it benefitting you?

6. If not, do you think the collaboration for medical inputs will benefit you? Where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

7. Are you aware of the on-going technological advancements in animal science? If yes, what are they? Are you implementing them? From where did you get the information?


8. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the

same?

9. Are you trained with Emergency Procedures? If yes, from where and when?

10. If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

11. Do you have knowledge of diseases mainly found in the animals? If yes, what are major diseases you observed in the animals you deal?

12. Do you give suggestions to the animals/poultry owner based on the observations? Is it benefitting them?

13. How much do you charge for the services being provided by you?

14. Do you act as a point for referral to institutional veterinary health care linked to the local doctors? If yes, give the details of the nearby institutional veterinary health care clinic where you refer? How far is it?

15. Do you provide Extension services on animal health in rural areas? If yes, how many times you have arranged any programme in the nearby locality? Did you work in collaboration with the other party for the services?

16. If not, are you thinking of arranging any type of extension services? Where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

17. Do you know the location of Animal Resources Development Department of West Bengal? If yes, have you been there? What was the purpose of your visit? Did you receive any benefit from the visit?

Government incentives/ support:1. Are you aware of the centrally-sponsored Livestock Insurance Scheme? What are its benefits? If

yes, did you insure your livestock under this scheme? When?

2. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

3. Are you aware of the following schemes? (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Schemes Taken benefits or not


Genetic Up gradationCentral Cattle Development OrganizationsCentral Herd Registration SchemeCentral Frozen Semen Production & Training InstituteSheep Development

What are your future plans?

Solar appliances and basic electronics

1. Did you take any financial support for the capital items? (Give examples) From whom: (Tick mark wherever applicable) what are the difficulties faced during the process?

Capital items Cost Sources of inputs Funding agencies

Interest rates

Solar panelSolar regulatorsSolar batteries

Electronic meterPower tools

Switch boardsOther, specify

(1.Banks, 2.Money lenders, 3.Neighbours, 4.Government/ State agencies, 5.Relatives, 6.Others, specify)2. What are the difficulties faced in the procedure to seek funds?

3. Whom do you seek support from to get over these challenges? Give the name and the contact details of the person/agencies?

1.[4.] Do you have the list of Eligible Manufacturers of Solar equipment’s? If yes, from where did you get the list?

2.[5.] Are you working in collaboration with any of the manufactures? If yes, what type of collaboration is it? Is it benefiting you?

3.[6.] If you don’t have the list, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

4.[7.] What are the safety measures do you follow during the installation or repairing the equipment? Have you undergone any specific training for safety handling? If yes, from where and when?

5.[8.] If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

6.[9.] Are you able to perform site analysis and the designing of solar energy equipment’s? If yes, have you undergone any specific training for it? If yes, from where and when?


7.[10.] If not undergone any training, where do you think you can get the information or whom you

should contact for the same?

8.[11.] Have you assisted the installation and assembly of renewable energy systems by any agencies? If yes, when and where did you assist? From where did you get the information and the support?

9.[12.] Do you provide post sell repair and maintenance services to the customers?

10.[13.] Are you aware of the warranty on batteries and solar appliances? If yes, do the manufacturers provide you?

11.[14.] Have you registered your microenterprise under The Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME), Govt. of India? If yes, when did you get your registration done? What is the source of information?

12.[15.] Is it benefitting you? Are all the benefits from the Government you are receiving in terms of subsidies, training, market linkages etc.?

13.[16.] If not done, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same? Do you think it will help you in terms of expanding the enterprise?

14.[17.] Are you aware of the Regional Testing Centre (ER) set up by MSME? If yes, where is the nearby Testing Centre? Have you visited it? What type of services do they provide?

15.[18.] If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

16.[19.] Which are the products you are dealing with?

Products Quantity sold Price received Major buyers

Solar lightsSolar water heatersSolar toysSolar street lightsSolar pumpsSolar home light systemSolar lanternWafer cells and modulesSolar cookersOthers


17.[20.] Are you aware of the various Programmes by West Bengal Government? If yes, tick where applicable;

Programme by West Bengal government Source of information

Rajiv Gandhi Akshay Urja DiwasOriginal equipment manufacturer (O.E.M)Any other, specify

18.[21.] Have you received any benefit under these programmes? Mention:

19.[22.] If not aware, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

20.[23.] Are of aware of the various diversified products available in the market or the innovation made in the field of solar appliances? If yes, what is the source of information? Have you adopted the new technologies or the new appliances? If yes, fill the detail below:

Diversification Source of inputs Cost incurred Major buyersSolar calculatorsCurrency tester and counterOthers, specify

1. If not aware of the new innovations and technologies, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

21.[24.] Government incentives/ support:Are of aware of the various tax exemptions, capital subsidies and incentives available for several components and sub-components of solar energy value chain? If yes, have you availed them? How many times have you taken its benefit? When was the last time you took the benefit?

From where did you get the information? Who did you contact for the same?

22.[25.] Are you aware of the Aditya Solar Shops? If yes, have you visited any of its shop and bought any of the products? Please mention the address & phone no. of Aditya Solar Shops you visited:


2. (WBREDA has set up 4 Aditya Solar Shops. Prime objects of Aditya Solar Shop programme are to make Renewable Energy products easily available to the people & provide effective after sales services)

3. Have you heard of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)? If yes, what are the benefits one received under it?


4. Have you benefitted under this mission by the government? If yes, when and what type of support did you received?

5. Are you Aware of any other renewable sources of energy other than solar energy? If yes, what are they?


Small Holder Farmers

1. Operational Land Ownership and Land use pattern:

Land Ownership √×

Area (In Acres)

Own LandLeased In Leased OutMortgaged InMortgaged OutTotal Size

Land use pattern

√×

Type of irrigation in case of irrigated land

Area (In Acres)

Vegetables/ fruits/crops grown

Rain fedIrrigated

(1. Surface irrigation, 2.Localized irrigation,2.1 Drip, or trickle irrigation,3. Sprinkler irrigation, 3.1 Centre pivot irrigation,3.2 Lateral move (Side roll, Wheel line) irrigation,4. Sub-irrigation, 5. Manual irrigation using buckets or watering cans)

RICE

1. In which season do you grow rice and which varieties do you use?Season/period

(aus, aman and boro)Rice varieties used Method of planting

rice *Seed rate Production/ season

*(1. direct seeding: 1.1.broadcasting, 1.2.drilling, 1.3. dibbling; 2. Transplanting: 2.1.random, 2.2. straight-row)

2. From where do you buy seeds for cultivation?

Source of Seeds Quantity brought Cost incurred

Self (year’s stock)Government agenciesDistributorWholesalerCooperative societiesAny others, specify


1. What are the Challenges faced (if any) during buying of seeds?

2. If buying from the Private players name the companies and fill the following details:Name of the Private companies Last time bought At what cost Source of information

3. Have you heard of Rice Technologies? If yes, are you following them? (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Rice Technologies BenefitsSRIHybrid RiceIPM / IDMINMUse of drum seederDouble transplanting

1. What is the source of information if following the technique?


4. PRODUCTION:1. How much weeks old seedlings you transplant in the fields? Is there is any difference in the age

of seedlings for different varieties? (In case of short duration varieties, when it is three to four weeks old. In case of medium and long duration varieties, four to five weeks old seedlings should be transplanted)

2. Do you produce bio-inputs (fertilizers, pesticides etc.)? If yes, from where did you learn about it? What are the major ingredients do you use? Are they easily available? If yes, what are the sources of their availability?

3. Are you able to identify pest attacks at different stages of growth? If yes, what are the major pests mainly found and the major losses caused by them? Do you follow any practices to avoid them? If yes, what are they?

5. Which type of packaging material do you use? Packaging material Tick mark Cost incurred

Jute bags HDPE / PP bags


Polythene impregnated jute bags Poly pouches Cloth bags

6. Post-harvest losses of paddy at producers’ level:Operations Type of Losses

Transport from field to threshing floor Threshing Winnowing Transport from threshing floor to storage

1. What are the precaution measures do you followed to avoid the losses? (If any)


7. Post-harvest equipment’s: 1. Do you have access to the post-harvest equipment? If yes, fill the following details:

Equipments Own/ lease Cost incurredCombine harvesters Threshers Pedal operated paddy threshers

Power operated paddy threshersHullers / rice millsAny other, specify


8. Storage 1. Do you use Traditional storage structures? If yes, what are the losses and the challenges faced

during storing? (1.Mud-bin, 2.Bamboo reed bin, 3.Thekka, 4. Metal drums, 5.Gunny bags, 6. Any other, specify)

2. Where do you store the produce? Do you have the access to the following Storage facilities? (Tick mark wherever applicable)Storage facilities Challenges faced (if any)

Producers’ storage Rural godowns Mandi godownsCentral Warehousing Corporation (CWC) State Warehousing Corporations (SWCs) Cooperatives


9. Selling of products to:


Price receivedMajor market Difficulties faced (if any)Presen

t season

Last season

Rice millersVillage based traders

Priv

ate pl

ayer Retailers

TradersWholesalers

Government agenciesDirectly to consumersOthers, specify

1. What is the return you get (Rs. /Hectare)? (Present year and last year)

10. Crop Loan Schemes:1. Have you heard of Crop Loan or National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)? If yes, have you

taken any loan under these schemes? What is the amount of loan undertaken? From who did you came to know about the schemes?

2. (General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) is the Implementing Agency, to provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests and diseases attack)

3. If not heard, where do you think you can get the information or whom you should contact for the same?

4. Are you aware of Minimum Support Price (MSP) announced by the Govt. of India? If yes, do you know this year MSP of rice? Do you always sell the rice in the price above than MSP or not? What is the source of information?

5. What are the challenges faced in selling the Rice in the market at a profitable amount? Are there many competitors in the market?

6. If not aware, where do you think you can get the information about MSP or whom you should contact for the same?

Fruits and vegetables

1. Fruits and vegetables grown: (Tick mark wherever applicable)

Cultivation √×

Quantity produce Farming Technique Major market


2. MODERN AGRICULTURE PRACTISES

Frui

ts a

nd v

eget

able

s

Crop RotationCommunity Water HarvestingVermiculture/ VermicompostCrop Residue/ CompostIntegrated Pest ManagementBio PesticidesGreen Manure/ Animal

ManureWater Retention DitchesHigh yielding varietiesDrip IrrigationSprinkler IrrigationLeaf Colour TestSoil TestingOrganic Fertilizers

1.1. Where do you access the following farm inputs from? (Please Tick)Agri Inputs Enter code Quantity

broughtCost incurred Last time bought Working life

Seeds/ saplingsTissue culturesFertilizersAgro ChemicalsMachineryPackaging materialsOthers

(1. Self-Produced , 2. KVK’s /SAU, 3. Dealers & Retailers, 4.Cooperative Society, 5.Any Others)

1.2. Source and Medium of Agriculture Extension Services?

Agriculture Practices Do you have access Yes (1) No (2)

Source of Information(Codes Below)

Medium of Information(Codes Below)

Sowing of SeedsChemicalsWeather InformationMachineryWater UsageMarketingOthers

Source:1 = Input Dealers 2 = Extension Agents/ Agri Officer 3 = NGOs 4 = Agri Uni. 5 = Fellow Farmer

Medium: 1 = Internet Kiosk 2 = Mobile Support - SMS 3 = Word of Mouth 4= any other, please specify

2. Do you have access to the following given below: (Tick mark wherever applicable)Access to Yes or no Source of information Difficulties faced

Fertilizers depot


Seed stores Fair price shops Warehouses Regulated markets

Post-harvest facilities

Pack houses Collection centre Refeer vans Mobile pre cooling Multipurpose cold storage others

3. Operations:

Vege

tabl

es

Main harvest timesOrganisational skills to process a succession of Crops throughout the yearTypes of spoilage can affect your productsShelf life of produce that can be storedDrainage that protect against entry of rodentsQuantities, quality and safety of the water adequate for processing and cleaningMonthly sales patternPerennial and non-perennial F&VCultivation technology

Green houseMulchingShade netPlastic tunnels

Packaging material

Gunny bagsClothBamboo basketsWooden boxPlastic cratesother

Organic farming/ vermi compostIntegrated pest management techniquesCleaning, sorting and grading

Produce Quantity Type of value addition donePicklesSauceJam and jelliesProcessed and Canned fruits and vegetablesSquash


Other, specify

4. Value addition:

5. Selling produce to:


Price received

Major market

Challenges faced (if any)

Commission agentsGrocery storesTradersCold storage points Retailers (organized)Directly to consumersOthers


AGRICULTURE & ALLIED STUDY IN WEST BENGAL & MP

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Transcript of AGRICULTURE & ALLIED STUDY IN WEST BENGAL & MP