Agricultural Water Agricultural Water ManagementManagement

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation

Ministry of AgricultureGovernment of India

Land Use DetailsLand Use DetailsLand use Area

(m.ha)Geographical area 328.73Reporting area 305.61(i) Forests 70.04(ii) Not available for cultivation(a) Area under non-agril. uses(b) Barren & uncultivable land

42.9526.1716.78

(iii) Other uncultivated land(a) Permanent pastures & other grazing

lands(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops( c ) Culturable wastelands

26.3610.15 3.3512.86

(iv) Fallow lands(a) Fallow lands other than current fallow(b) Current fallow

26.2310.4815.75

(v) Net sown area 140.02Gross cropped area 192.20Source: Agricultural Statistics, 2009-10

Water Resources Water Resources ScenarioScenario(2008-09)(2008-09)

Precipitation including snowfall 4000 BCMPrecipitation during monsoon 3000 BCMAverage availability of water 1869 BCMUtilizable water 1123 BCM

Surface 690 BCMGround water 433 BCM

Storage capacity Existing 225 BCMUnder construction 64 BCMUnder contemplation 108 BCMGround waterCurrent draft 231 BCMStage of ground water development 61

%Net irrigated area 63.25 MHa

Ultimate Irrigation Ultimate Irrigation PotentialPotential

Demand for food grains(MT)Demand for food grains(MT)Type of demand 2011-12 2021-22Direct Household consumption Rice 87.4 97.4 Wheat 67.2 73.5 Coarse cereal

14.1 15.0

Pulses 12.5 16.1 Food grains

181.2 202.0

Indirect Demand Rice 13.8 15.9 Wheat 14.0 16.0 Coarse Cereal

24.0 38.7

Pulses 3.0 3.4 Food grains

54.8 74.0

Total demand Food grains

236.0 276.0

National Centre for Agricultural Economics & Policy Research

2

Irrigated Area Irrigated Area (2009-10)(2009-10)

Source of IrrigationSource of Irrigation

16.7

1.6428.94

10.095.88

Irrigated Area - 63.25 MHa

Canals (26%)Tanks (3%)Tubewells (46%)Dug wells (16%)others (9%)

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics

Surface Water SourcesSurface Water Sources

Groundwater SourcesGroundwater Sources

Coverage of irrigated area in Coverage of irrigated area in Rainfall zonesRainfall zones

0102030405060708090

100

30.45 38 42.42 36.42

16.22

% cultivated area without irrigation% of irrigated area over cultivated area

Crop wise Coverage under Crop wise Coverage under IrrigationIrrigation

Share of major crops in irrigated Share of major crops in irrigated areasareas

28.4

30.30.80.9

2.3

4.5

5

18.6

4.14.5

% of Irrigated Area

PaddyWheatJowarBajraMaizePulsesSugarcaneFruits &Veg OilseedsCottonOthers

Rice CultivationRice Cultivation

Status of irrigation Status of irrigation DevelopmentDevelopmentState % Irrig. of NSAPunjab 97.8Haryana 86.5Uttar Pradesh 81.1Bihar 63.6West Bengal 59.1Tamil Nadu 58.4Uttarakhand 45.6National Average 45.2Gujarat 42.1Rajasthan 34.5Orissa 39.1Karnataka 32.6Kerala 18.6Maharashtra 18.7Jharkhand 8.0Assam 7.1

Competitive Water UseCompetitive Water Use1072

10263

13080

910

7323 15

72

688

5612 5

52

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Irrigation Domestic Industrial Energy Others

201020252050

Unit in BCM

Projection of Water DemandProjection of Water Demand

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2025 2050

Others(BCM)Energy(BCM)Industrial(BCM)Domestic(BCM)Irrigation(BCM)

Utilizable Water 1123 BCM

Key Challenge: More food Less Key Challenge: More food Less WaterWater

Growing water scarcity and competing water demands for urban, power and industrial needs are expected to reduce diversion of water for agriculture in future

Developing countries like India are most challenged with the problem due to rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization and economic development.

The key challenge for the future food and environmental security is growing more food with less water

This demands increased efforts to efficient and rationale use of water.

Key Challenge: Key Challenge: Water Use Water Use EfficiencyEfficiency

Canal Irrigation – 38-40%Ground Water – 60%

10% increase in water use efficiency can bring 14 m.ha of additional area under irrigation Micro irrigation can save 25-50% of water

Strategies and Way ForwardStrategies and Way Forward Supply Side Management

Cautious use of ground water in critical areas Exploring the untapped ground water in Eastern Region Creation of additional storage capacity More minor irrigation storage in high rainfall zones Creation of secondary storages at tale end of canal system Rain water harvesting and ground water recharge Reducing gap between irrigation potential created

Demand Side Management Water use efficiency measures Appropriate agronomic measures Crop diversification Land use planning Participatory water management

Use of Modern technique Efficient canal management system Recycling of water Micro Irrigation Conjunctive use of water

T H A N K Y O U