Agricultural Extension System in Sudan Final
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الرحمـناللهبســـمالرحـيم
Agricultural Extension System in Sudan
Mohamed Saad Ali
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Welcome
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Sudan profileSudan profile
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Sudan map
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NameThe Republic of the Sudan.
Geographic location15 00 N, 30 00 E is situated in the north-eastern corner of Africa.
Area1,861,484 sq km
Rank 16th
Border countries: Central African Republic, Chad Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, South
ClimateHot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Population34 million (2010)
LiteracyTotal population: 61.1%male: 71.8%female: 50.5% (2003 est.)
languageArabicEnglishLocal languages.
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Independent1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)
CapitalKhartoum
Governable typeSudan is a presidential, federal republic
Number of states14
CurrencySudan Pounds
Agriculture contributeIt contributes to about 39% of the total GDP, provides employment to about 65% of the population
Water resources Blue and White Nile rivers that merged at Khartoum to form the River Nile.RainGroundwater
Export cropsCotton, Sesame, Gum Arabic and livestock
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History of agricultureHistory of agriculture The beginning of agricultural research in The beginning of agricultural research in
Sudan dates back to 1902Sudan dates back to 1902 The Gazeera scheme was established in The Gazeera scheme was established in
1925. 2 million Ha.1925. 2 million Ha. Agricultural Extension started in 1938-1941 Agricultural Extension started in 1938-1941
by Mr. Pecon dean of agriculture school by Mr. Pecon dean of agriculture school before independent.before independent.
Agriculture college established in1939. Agriculture college established in1939. After independent the agric. Extension was After independent the agric. Extension was
established by UAS AID in 1958 in southern established by UAS AID in 1958 in southern states states
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Farming SystemFarming System
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with sugar cane, cotton, wheat, sorghum, with sugar cane, cotton, wheat, sorghum, groundnut, fruits and vegetables as main groundnut, fruits and vegetables as main crops growncrops grown
Irrigated AgricultureIrrigated Agriculture
Pivot irrigationConventional tillage
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Palm date wheat
Grapefruitssorghum
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Mechanized Rainfed AgricultureMechanized Rainfed Agriculture
With sorghum as a principle crop in With sorghum as a principle crop in addition to sesame and small amount of addition to sesame and small amount of short fiber cottonshort fiber cotton
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Traditional Rainfed AgricultureTraditional Rainfed Agriculture
With millet, sesame, groundnut and With millet, sesame, groundnut and Roselle as major crops.Roselle as major crops.
Conventional seeding
Traditional harvestConventional seeding
Supplementary irrigation
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Hibiscus Sesame
Gum Arabic Millet
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Sudanese sheepSudanese sheep
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Agricultural ExtensionAgricultural Extension
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General Administration General Administration of Technology Transfer and of Technology Transfer and
Extension Extension TTEATTEA
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FeaturesFeatures
Governmental system Governmental funding National coverage by the public sector A decentralized Focus on technology transfer
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ObjectivesObjectives
Modernization of agricultureModernization of agriculture Increase crop yields & improve quality of Increase crop yields & improve quality of
produce produce Improve Farmers IncomeImprove Farmers Income Through the sustainable use of natural Through the sustainable use of natural
resources, to the Human Prosperity via resources, to the Human Prosperity via successful, profitable & sustainable successful, profitable & sustainable agricultural production agricultural production
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The Mandate of TTEAThe Mandate of TTEA
• Mobilizing of the stakeholders in Agriculture
• Adoption and Transfer of modern technologies.
• Strengthen linkages of agricultural Institutions
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approachYear Target group
Participatory 1995Rainfed farmers
Farmer field school 1992Irrigated farmers
Public & private partnership
2004Rainfed farmers
Approaches
Irrigated farmers
Irrigated farmers
Rainfed farmers
All farmers
1925Commodity
1985T&V System
1990Community R.D
1958General
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Seed ExtensionInformation
GDTTEA
TTEA Irrigated Schemes
TTEA
State level
TTC
Agricultural Engineering
Ministry of Agriculture
Federal level
Locality farmers
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Agricultural Extension levelsAgricultural Extension levels Federal levelFederal level
Development of policies, strategies and work to link the guidance of contributors (technical training and support)
State levelState level
Working directly with producers - guidance - change the attitudes -the transmission of skills
LocalityLocality
Working directly with producers and farmers.
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Rural family
Women
Farmers group
Farmers
Target Group
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• Vacation varieties Committee• agricultural farming Committee • Pesticides Committee
Linkage with research
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1. Demonstration field2. TV & Radio Programme3. Farmer Field School4. Meeting5. Field Visit6. Internet .7. Mobile Phone
Extension Methods
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CultureCulture
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Sudanese facesSudanese faces
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Sudanese faces
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Sudanese face
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Sudanese face
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Sudanese face
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Sudanese face
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Sudanese dress
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weddingwedding
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Sudanese dance
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HouseHouse
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Sudanese village house
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Nubian house
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Medium house
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Riche house
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SchoolsSchools
Village school
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town school
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Modern school
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GRAIN SILO
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HospitalHospital
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The Nile River Map
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Blue and White Nile rivers that merged at Khartoum to form the River Nile
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Sudanese Pyramids
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Sudanese Pyramids
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Sudanese Temple of archaeological
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Republican Palace
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Thank You