AGRA Support to Seed Security in AfricaSecurity in Africa

Augustine LangyintuoAGRA NairobiAGRA-Nairobi

Presented at the FARNPAN Organized seed security Network. South Africa 20-21 May 2010

IntroductionIntroduction• Low crop productivity in Africa over the years

910

678

T/ha

)

345

Yiel

d (M

T

012

01980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Region

Southern Africa Eastern Africa Western AfricaEastern Asia Western Europe Australia

Challenge - climate change: - 0.4% p.a., frequent drought

Percent change in agricultural production due to climate change (Cline 2007)

Challenge: Limited fertilizer use intensity

45

50 Total consumption 1.3 Mil tons

30

35

40a

20

25

30

Kg/

ha

5

10

159 kg/ha

0

babw

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enya

Mal

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ania

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Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006)Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006)

90%

s

70%

80%e c

ultiv

ars

40%

50%

60%

ed m

aize

20%

30%

40%

of im

prov

e

0%

10%

Use o

MaliGhan

a

Nigeria

Angol

aMoza

mbique

Tanza

nia

Ethiop

iaMala

wiUgan

da

Kenya

Zambia

Zimbab

we

Seed production and deployment environmentSeed production and deployment environment

Seed value chain

Establishing & running a seed Seed production

& processingSeed

marketingSeed

demandgcompany & processing marketing demand

Policies & regulations

Reasons for low use of improved varietiesp

• Company establishmentp y– High start-up investment cost– Lack of manpower and technical know-howp

• ProductionLimited access to suitable germplasm– Limited access to suitable germplasm

– Production infrastructureLi it d t d ti dit– Limited access to production credit

– Weak producer base

• Marketing and distribution constraints– Poor market infrastructure– Limited retail networks– Challenges related to use of intermediaries

• Seed policiesSeed policies– Weak internal seed laws and regulations– Import/export restrictionsImport/export restrictions– Lengthy variety release processes– Restrictions on access to public germplasmRestrictions on access to public germplasm

• Demand constraints - low adoption rates– Poor extension coverage– Poor output markets

AGRA’s Technical interventionsAGRA s Technical interventionsSeed

R&DSeed delivery

Training Breeders• M.Sc. & Ph.D.

fellowships

Breeding New Varieties• Farmer-

participatory

Seed Enterprises• Start-up grants • Business

Agro-dealer Networks• Business

Training• In-country

research on relevant topics

• Regulatory > Release > Promotion

Development Services

• Equity Funds

• Credit guarantees

• Private extension

The PASS Improved Seed Value ChainThe PASS Improved Seed Value Chain

AGRA-Funded M.Sc. & Ph.D. Fellowship Programs, 2009g

M S M SM.Sc.

Ph.D.

M.Sc.

M ScM.Sc.

M.Sc.M.Sc.

M.Sc.M.Sc.

M.Sc.

M.Sc.

Ph.D.

No. of MSc & Phds Enrolled & Graduated ‐ Cummulative

140

160

100

12061

71

olled

80

100

tude

nts en

ro

40

60

71 7948

No. of st

0

20

626

38

37 1319

02007 2008 2009 2010

MScs Enrolled & on‐going PhDs Enrolled & on‐going MScs Graduated PhDs Graduated

AGRA FundedAGRA-Funded Crop Breeding Initiatives, 2008

MaizeSorghumSorghumRiceCassavaCowpeaBeansCowpea

SoybeanS t P t tSweet PotatoWheat

Breeding grants by crop

Millet4%

Groundnut4%

Wheat2%

Soybean2%

Breeding grants by crop

Maize27%

Cassava

Cowpea6%

RiSorghum

10%

8%

Rice15%

BeansSweet potato

10%

10%

Beans12%

10%

Varieties Released and Commercialized 2007-2010

120109

Varieties Released and Commercialized, 2007-2010

80

100 94

60

80

47 47 47

4029

47

2836

47 47

0

20

2007 2008 2009 2010

Varieties released Varieties commercialized

G d t 4

Varieties released by crop

Soybean, 1Chickpea, 2

Groundnuts, 4Pigeonpea , 2

Maize, 36

Cassava, 27

Beans, 23Rice, 6

Sorgum, 8

TanzaniaTanzania

EthiopiaEthiopia

Mali

AGRA F ndedAGRA-Funded Seed Supply Initiatives, 2009Tanzania

N f S d E t i S t d

45

No. of Seed Enterprises Supported

(43)

35

40

45

8

8

(27)

25

30

5

8

3

(27)

10

15

20

1927

3

(12)

0

5

109

2007 2008 2009

Private Seed Co. Public Agency Farmer Assoc.

Sunflower Lablab Teff

Seed Production by Crop Species (Eastern and Southern Africa)

Beans8%

Cassava8%Soy-bean

4%

Wheat5%

Sunflower5% 1% Teff

Cowpea3%Rice Sorghum

4%

Groundnut5%

Pigeon-pea2%

Rice1%

Sorghum5%

Maize53%

Seed production by AGRA supported Enterprises

20 0

20.0 (Projected)

Seed production by AGRA-supported Enterprises

16.018.020.0

MT)

ousa

nds

10 012.014.0

8.4f see

d (M

Tho

6.08.0

10.0

2 64.5

8.4

uant

ity o

f

0 02.04.0 2.6Q

u

0.0Baseline -

20072008 2009 2010

MaliNigeria

Ghana

Uganda

Nigeria

Tanzania

KenyaUganda

Rwanda

MalawiZambia

Tanzania

AGRA-Funded Agro-Dealer

Mozam.

gDevelopment Initiatives, 2009

Agro-dealers that have received technical and business management training under AGRA's programs

16001447

AGRA s programs

1200

1400

994

1091

800

1000994

935

umbe

r

400

600582

461

N

200

400

212268

100153

203153

0Kenya Malawi Tanzania Mali Nigeria Ghana

Business Technical

9 200

Agro-dealers Trained in Business Management

8000

9000

100009 200

6000

7000

8000

4 237

4000

50004 237

1000

2000

3000

331

0

Baseline -2007 2008 2009

Seed & Fertilizer Sales by Agro-Dealers

235 943

200 000

250 000

150 000MT

100 000

28 92646 63353 223

0

50 000

2008 Oct. 2009

Qty seed sales Qty fertilizer sales

Other Technical InitiativesOther Technical Initiatives• Assembled a team of experts seconded to p

seed companies for a full season• Seed Enterprise Management Institute in• Seed Enterprise Management Institute in

collaboration with the Seed Center at Iowa St t U i it CIMMYT & N i bi U iState University, CIMMYT & Nairobi Univ.

• Establishment of an investment fund as aEstablishment of an investment fund as a Loan Facility (ASIF & WAAIF) for grantees & non grantees& non grantees

Policy interventionsPolicy interventions• Supporting the strengthening of internal

seed laws and regulations• Advocating for minimal delays in the releaseAdvocating for minimal delays in the release

of new varieties• Advocating for the easy access to public

germplasmg p• Supporting the implementation of regionally

harmonized seed laws and regulationsharmonized seed laws and regulations• Working to eliminate trade restrictions

Technical Challengesg• Low production capacity/insufficient: BS,FS, CS• Out-growers incompetenceOut growers incompetence• Drought constraint

St f iliti• Storage facilities• Limited working capital• Weak regulatory agencies• Monopoly on public varietiesMonopoly on public varieties• Poor marketing infrastructure

Poor business management skills• Poor business management skills• Lengthy variety release

How harmonization of seed policies and l i l ti ill h AGRA’ klegislation will enhance AGRA’s work

• Greater liberalization of (foundation and certified) seed production and marketing) p g

• Increased competition ensuring better pricesS i t f k d d l th h• Squeezing out fake seed dealers through cross-border movement of seeds

• Enforcing regulatory measuresPromoting increased crop prod cti it and a• Promoting increased crop productivity and a potential for an African Green Revolution

Thank youwww.agra-alliance.orgThank you