Aging Making Sense of Sound - American Geriatrics Society · Aging and Making Sense of Sound EAR...
Transcript of Aging Making Sense of Sound - American Geriatrics Society · Aging and Making Sense of Sound EAR...
Aging
&
Making Sense of Sound
Nina Kraus, Ph.D.
www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu
Current funding: NIH, Dana Foundation, Med-EL, NAMM
Disclosures
Other financial relationships: Equity in Synaural, Inc., a company working to develop a user-friendly measure of auditory processing.
Conflicts of interest: None
Aging and Making Sense of Sound
EAR presbycusishair cell damagesynaptopathy
BRAINcentral hearing loss
Action: feed the brain the best signal from the ear
Action: activities to promote CNS strength and plasticity
Factors that make an older adult successful at hearing in noise
SOUND…
Shape … sphere
Dimensionality … 3D
Color … yellow
Texture … fuzzy
Pattern … none
Transparency … no
Solidity … yes
Movement … no
Attributes of a “seen” object
Pitch … high
Timbre … crunchyIntensity … loud
Movement … left to right
Consonance … dissonant
Attack … gradual
Timing … fast
Location … straight ahead
Attributes of sound
Auditory Processing Speed
Left Ear Right EarAuditory Brain
1
2
3
< 1 ms !
Auditory system
Aud. CortexCochlea CN SOC NLL IC MGB
Retinalateral
geniculate Vis. Cortex
visual system
connectivity to non-auditory centers
Malmierca, Encycl Comput Neurosci 2015
Kraus & White-Schwoch, Trends Cog Sci, 2015
Making sense of sound
To Brain
Auditory Nerve
Normal Inner Ear
To Brain
DamagedHair Cells
Auditory Nerve
Damaged Hair Cells and Synapse
Damaged Synapse
Kujawa & Liberman J Neurosci 2009
Take ear and brain into account
Individualized biological data
otoacousticemissions
Hz
dB
WIN
dB
kHz161.125 2 84.5.25
audiometry
CONCUSSION
HEARING IN NOISE
AGING
Moore et al., 2014, PLoS ONE
Bett
er
hear
ing
in n
oise
Working memory
Hearing in Noise engages Cognition
Excellent
Poor
Adults withnormal hearing thresholds
-4
0
4
8
12Time (ms)
Hearing in Noise – Sound Processing in the BrainH
ear
ing
in N
oise
Normal Hearing Thresholds
0 50 100 150 200-0.5
0
0.5
Time (ms)
Amplitu
de (µV)
Good Quiet
Poor Quiet
Hear
ing
in N
oise
Older Adults - Hearing Loss
Bett
er
Wor
se
Hearing in Noise – Sound Processing in the Brain
Hearing Loss
EAR
COGNITION
SOUNDPROCESSINGin the BRAIN
LIFE EXPERIENCES
MemoryAttention
Pitch, Timing, Harmonics
MusicExercise Audiogram
OAEs
Anderson et al (2013) Hear Res
.1
HEARING IN NOISE
Biological Aging
Breakdown in timing
Reduced inhibition
Increased spontaneous activity
Broader spatial tuning
Reduced cortical connectivity for spatial processing
Caspary et al. , J Exp Biol 2008 Engle & Recanzone, Front Aging Neurosci 2013
Recanzone et al, Hear Res 2011 Juarez-Salinas et al, J Neurosci 2010
early
late
old
young
Anderson et al, J Neursoci 2012
neuraltiming
Compensatory neurochemistry – protein expression
Reduced inhibition throughout auditory pathway
Reorganization of auditory and visual areas
Gray et al. J Comp Neurol, 2013; 2014Engle & Recanzone, Front Aging Neurosci 2013
Overton & Recanzone J Neurophysiol 2016
Sharma & Glick Brain Sciences. 2016
Biological Aging & Hearing Loss
Hearing loss impacts cognition
Cog
nition
Age
Normal Hearing
Hearing Loss
Lin et al. (2013) JAMA Int MedLin et al. (2014) Neuroimage
accelerates aging
Feed the brain the best input possible
Anderson et al. (under review)
Unaided
Aided
Time (ms)
Fre
quenc
y (H
z)
Amplification boosts neural
synchrony
Hearing aid/device fittinginformed by biology
That’s the one!
Hearing device/processing strategy Automated Fitting
Collect EEG to dozens of algorithms to find the best fit for the
brain
HEALTHY AGING
AGING
STRENGTHENING SOUND PROCESSING
Initiatedlater in life
Lifelong
Cog
niti
on
Age
Monolingual
Bilingual
Bialystok et al. (2014) Psychol AgingBak et al. (2014) Ann Neurol
Guzmán-Vélez & Tranel (2015) Neuropsychol
strengthens sound processingconsequences for hearing in noise
Krizman et al. PNAS 2012Krizman et al. Biling: Lang & Cogn 2016
COGNITIVE, SENSORIMOTOR, REWARD
MUSIC
MUSIC & HEARING IN NOISE
quiet
noise
non-musicians musicians
***
HEARING IN NOISE
review: Kraus & White-Schwoch, Neuroscientist, 2016
***
Listening in noise
pre post
dB
SN
R
**
pre post
*
Russo, 2016, WCARyerson University; Neuromusic 2017
Initiated later in life
Neural response to sound
Fo
Brain Fitness Program
Educational Videos
Pre-Testing Post-Testing
75 older adults
Anderson et al. PNAS, 2013
Anderson et al. Front Sys Neurosci 2013
Initiated later in life
Hearing in Noise
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
Allsubjects
**
Anderson et al. PNAS, 2013Anderson et al. Front Syst Neurosci, 2013
Caspary Ear and Hearing
Hearing loss
**
Bett
er
pre-trainingpost-training
dB
early
late
Biology
controls
Brain Fitnessneuraltiming
Initiated later in life
Skoe et al., Cerebral Cortex, 2015
Neur
al s
ound
pro
cess
ing
Biological Aging is Individual
Gray and Recanzone Evolution of Nervous System 2017
Biology can inform training strategies, individualized care
Summary
Nurture Eyes and Ears for healthy aging
Gaps
How does auditory aging begin?
presbycusis?hair cell damage?synaptopathy?
combined effect of auditory and visual impairment?
What factors make an older adult successful at hearing in noise?
central hearing loss?
whole person care
www.brainvolts.northwestern.edu
Demonstration
Our Biological Approach