AGGRESSION AMONG

SCHOOL - GOING

ADOLESCENTS

Tutorial

Group III

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.Stress Frustration

Anger

STRESS

Stress is a biological term which refers to the consequences of the failure of a human or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or physicalthreats to the organism, whether actual or imagined.

Stress can be defined as a set of interactions between the person and the environment that result in an unpleasant emotional state, such as anxiety, tension, guilt, or shame

TYPES OF STRESS

ACUTE

STRESS EPISODIC

ACUTE

STRESS

CHRONIC

STRESS

American Psychological Association

CAUSES OF STRESS

STRESS

sensory input such as pain, bright light

Lack of control over physical environmental circumstances such as food, health and housing

Psycho-social factors such as lower self esteem, fear, scolding etc

STRESS AND ADOLESCENCE

Adolescence is often seen as a time of “storm and stress”.

Sigmund Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Kakkar.

Adolescence brings an increased empathy and ability to anticipate future events. These developments lead to stressful situations.

Adolescence is a “time of heightened friction between ideal and real, between expected and actual, between an adolescent’s internal model of the world and the world as it is encountered”. This conflict causes stress.

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Frustration

Frustration is a natural human emotional

and psychological response to something.

The feeling is often due to

disappointment when an effort or

observation does not work out as

expected or anticipated

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Stress Frustration

Anger

ANGER

Normal and necessary human emotion.

Inspires powerful, often aggressive feelings.

Anger gets out of control, becomes destructive and people respond aggressively

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS, FRUSTATION, ANGER AND AGGRESSION:-

STRESSFRUSTRATION

ANGER

AGGRESSION

STRESS

+

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AGGRESSION

Baron

Aggression is any form of behavior

directed towards the goal of

harming or injuring other living

being who is motivated to avoid

such treatment.

Crick ,Bee and

Howee (1996)

Anger & intent to harm

have been two defining

features of aggression.

(1983)

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TYPES OF

AGGRESSION

Instrumental

Aggression

Hostile

Aggression

Refusing to speak

.

Six Classes of

Human Behavior

during AggressionPunching

InsultingPerforming a

practical joke,

setting a booby

trap

Spreading

malicious

gossip

Obstructing

passage,

participating

in a sit-in

According to the American Psychological

Association ( APA) :

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS, FRUSTATION, ANGER AND AGGRESSION:-

STRESS FRUSTRATION

ANGER

AGGRESSION

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REVIEW OF

LITERATURE

Craig A. Anderson & Brad J. Bushman (2000):

Viewing and playing violent

videogames increase aggressive

behaviour and it also increases

physiological arousal and aggression-

related thoughts and feelings.

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.Khatri.(2007): The study Gender and the

expression of anger there is a difference in

expression of aggression across gender revealed that

Gender differences in aggressive behavior but not in

anger suggest that girls may express anger through

behaviors that lack intent to harm or injured .

"For children, the pressures are beginning to tell." "Required: Stress busters for smart kids." "Shrinks called in as exam fever

turns into epidemic.”

.Ramanathan (2002): A recent study conducted by the All

India Institute of Medical Sciences reveals that nearly 35

percent of children ages 8-14, especially in urban areas, are

stressed enough to need clinical attention. The findings

revealed that the sheer numbers of children under stress, the

early onset of their symptoms, and the extreme measures to

which some children will go to cope (negatively) with their

stress is a cause of great concern.

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.Sharma S. (1999):

There is a "connection between the consumption of

ready-to-eat foods like noodles and fizzy drinks and a

change in behavioral characteristics". A recent study

of “Dietary habits of middle-class school children in

Nepal” revealed that those who were eating such

foods over three times a week suffer from attention

deficit and hyperactivity symptoms . Children with

these hyperactive symptoms became more

Hyperactive children become quarrelsome.

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Nanda.D(1997):

A study “School going children in Ludhiana”,

conducted by member of the psychiatry

department of Dayanand Medical College

found that aggression was more prevalent

among public school going students and

girls from more economically deprived

families where they are forced to bottle up

their feelings.

Research on ‘Anger and aggression

among Filipino students’ has determined

that anger is an important correlate of

student aggression, and that there is a

clear link between high levels of anger

and problem behavior in school, poor

academic performance, peer rejection,

and psychosomatic complaints.

Smith &

Furlong(1998):

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Centre for

Advocacy and

Research (2001):

The study on “Media Violence and Its Impact on

Children” conducted in Delhi, Lucknow,

Calcutta, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad with

children between the ages of 6-12 belonging to

different socio-economic groups. Study revealed

that there is positive relationship between the

child-viewer and violence on television and

other electronic media including the computer

or video games.

OBJECTIVES

• To study stress-causing factors among

school-going Adolescents.

•To gain insight into what makes

adolescent aggressive.

•To study the perception of teachers and

parents as to how adolescents manifest

aggression.

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Gain insight into the perception of teachers and parents on adolescents aggression would facilitate in designing school and community based strategies to address solutions to adolescents students stress and frustration

To enable parents and teachers to join hands with the adolescent students to solve the issue related to stress, frustration and anger .

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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Methodology

Locale of the study Sampling Sample selection and size Sampling technique

Tools for data collection Content of the tool Pre-testing

Method of data collectionAnalysis and interpretationLimitation of the study

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

S.K.V Pandara Road

(a government school,

central Delhi)

S.KV Luxmi Nagar (a,

government school East

Delhi)

R.P.V.V, Shalimar Bagh (a

government school, North

Delhi)

S.K.V Roop Nagar (a

government school North

Delhi)

Lady Irwin School (a

government aided school,

Central Delhi)

S.K.V Rajouri Garden (a

government school, West

Delhi.

D.A.V Paschim Vihar(a

private school, West Delhi)

Salwan Girls Sr.Sec School(a

government aided

school,Central Delhi)

. SAMPLE SIZE

.Adolescent Students (VII to IX standard

(N=295)

Government + Government aided + PrivateSchools Schools Schools (N=215) (N=55) ( N=30)

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SAMPLE SIZE

Parents of

Adolescents = 50

Teachers of

Adolescents

= 50

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Purposive

sampling

Students

Random

Sampling

Teachers and

Parents

TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire

Student of VIIth to IXth

standard.

Parents of students of class VIIth to IXth

Teachers teaching classes VIIth to IXth

CONTENTS OF THE TOOLS FOR

DATA COLLECTION

Content of

Questionnaires

Contd.

Questionnaire I: Perception of students Profile of the respondents

perception of student about their Stress and frustration

perception of student about their Anger

perception of student about their aggression

Questionnaire II: Perception of parents

Profile of the parents of Adolescents

Parents perception about aggression of Adolescents

Perception of the expression of aggression of different people on children according to parents

Contd.

Questionnaire III: perception of Teachers

Profile of the Teachers

Teachers’ perception of expression of Student Aggression

Reaction of teachers toward student when they are aggressive with different people

Time Plan

Review of literature and

discussion

September 2008

Preparation of Research Proposal and Presentation: October, 2008

Preparation of tools for data collection: October, 2008

Data Collection: November to December, 2008Data analysis and report writing:

January- March 2009.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Preparation of coding sheet

Frequencies and percentages were

obtained.

Bar Graphs and Pie Charts to present data

graphically.

perception of

student about

Stress, Anger.

and Aggression

Perception

of Parents

about their

children

expression

of Stress,

Anger and

Aggression

Perception

of

Teachers

about

their

children

Stress,

Anger. and

Aggression

Results

Student's

Response

Students’

Age Frequency percentage

12 92 31.18

13 106 35.93

14 97 32.88

Total 295 100

Age of students

Gender

Gender of student

12%

88%

Male

female

Type of Schools 10%

9%

81%

Government

Governmentaided

private

Type of School

.Fathers' Occupation

18%

65%

17% Governmentservice

Selfemployed

Nongovernment

Mother'sOccupation

3%

5%

17%

75%

Government

service

Self employed

Non government

housewife

Mothers’ Occupation

understanding of Adolescents about

Stress .

Factors responsible for Adolescents Stress

29%

41%

0%

10%

5%

4%

11%

study

exams

interfernce in work

sibling

fighting

neglectance

health problem

.Frequency of occurence ofStress

10%8%

7%

55%

17%3% Once

Twice

Thrice

Sometimes

Many times

monthly

Activities performed by Adolescents during stress

Activites performed by Adolescents during stress

8%

15%

4%7%

2%5%

13%

26%

6%

11% 3%

Sleeping

Don’t talk

Throw things

Get angry

internet

Eating

Crying

Recreational activity

Complain others

Watching t.v

think

student prefernce/non prefernce for

food

4 2 %

4 2 %

16 %

no

Yes

no respond

Food prefernce

91%

2% 7%

Junk food

water

Veg food

student prefernce/non prefernce for

food

4 2 %

4 2 %

16 %

no

Yes

no respond

student preference for food

42%

42%

16%

no

Yes

no respond

Food preference

91%

2% 7%

Junk food

water

Veg food

Student face career related stress?

Career related stress

75%

25%

yes

no

.Meaning of Anger

25%

13%

22%

18%

5%

9%8%

Misbehaving

Fighting

Depress

Bad thinking

Crying

sleeping

Assert ness

Meaning of

Anger

.Meaning of term Aggression by Adolescents

22%

9%

13%10%9%

21%

16%

Misbehaving

Insulting

Irritating

Shouting

Sleeping

Fighting

madness

Aggression

Factors which make Adolescents feel Aggressive

Reasons for Adolescent Aggression

10%

14%

11%

7%5%27%

17%

9%sister

teacher

parents

brother

cousin

tension

inteference in work

scolding

.

siblings and friends

8% 4%

18%

10%3%10%

18%

11%

19.5%

Shouting

Scolding

Beating

Fighting

Hurting

Weeping

Killing

Quarlling

Misbehaving

Adolescent Respondent

5%

43%

10%

17%

10%

15%

teasing family

members

beating

crying

harm myself

make dirty faces

shouting

Expression of Aggression

46%

32%

22%

verbally

physically

emotionally

Reaction of parents on their

Adolescents

Reaction of teachers to their student

aggression

56%

26%

18%

verbally

physically

Emotionally

Adolescents’ Perception

.

.

Parents and

Teachers

Response

.

teachers' perception

28%

12%

10%6%4%

6%

10%

4%

4%

10%

4% 2%

anger

violation

lack of interest

annoyed

stubborn

frusration

stress

not fit

partiality

loose control

avoidance by others

any other

Parents' perception

16%

50%

9%

25% Change of behaviour

Violence

Abusive language

Negative reaction

Meaning of term Aggression

.

parents' perception

8%

50%

24%

18%

scold by parents

not fulfillment of

demand

stress

burden of studies

teachers' perception

10%

40%

16%

4%

4%

6%

8%

12% too much

exams

home work

avoidance

surprise test

competition

justification

good student

Factors responsible for Adolescents’ Aggression

Expression of Aggression by student towards Elders

Parents' Perception

4%24%

16%56%

crying

shouting

throw things

disobeys

Teachers' Perception

6%

26%

10%22%

12%

4%

20%

argue

speak

bulling

disobeys

disrespect

crying

any other

.

parents' perception

4%

54%

42% crying

fighting

beating

Expression of Adolescents Aggression towards

Peer group

Teachers' Perception

0%

65%

25%

10%

argue

speak rudely

bulling

crying

.

parents' perception

30%

50%

20%verbally

physically

emotionally

Teachers' perception

36%

36%

28%verbally

physically

emotionally

Reaction of Friends towards Adolescents

Aggression

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46%

32%

22%

verbally

physically

emotionally

Parents Reaction to Adolescents

aggression

54%

14%

32%verbally

physically

emotionally

Teachers Reaction to Adolescents

Aggression

Parents – Verbally and

Physically.

Teachers – Verbally and

Emotionally

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Conclusion.

Students scholastic activities such as homework , tests examination are the main factors that are responsible for provoking stress.

Preferred activities by student when they were stress were recreational activities like playing,

dancing and singing.

The majority of student express stress in non verbal forms of social aggression rather than physical aggression .

Most of the student considers junk food like burgers, cold drinks as a way to reduce stress and anger and to avoid aggression .

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• The study showed that near to about 42%

students had particular food preferences and

from this 91% prefer junk foods

• About 75% of adolescents have been found to

suffer from career related stress

• Aggression was perceived by the adolescents

as misbehavior where as parents and teachers

perceived it as violation

• Expression of adolescents toward elders has

been perceived both by teachers and parents in

form of showing disrespect to elders.

•The study highlighted that adolescents and their

peer groups reacted to each others aggressive behaviors mainly in physical form as stated by parents and teachers.

It has been found that both parents and teachers react to adolescent aggression in two major forms that is physical and verbal.

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Limitations of the study

The data predominately consisted of girl adolescent.

The teachers and parents of adolescents who were interviewed were not necessarily the teachers and parents of the adolescent we had interviewed.

Majority of the data is from government school.

Review of literature could have been more exhaustive.

Data collected from class VII to IX.

Study is limited only to city of Delhi.

Suggestions

Development of pamphlets on stress and anger management to reduce stress

Conduct workshops on stress and anger management for adolescent to reduce aggression

Conduct workshop for parents and teachers to understand the needs and characteristics of adolescents

Brainstorming sessions and strategies for diverting adolescents aggression to constructive form.

Need for further studies to gain insight into the changing needs, aspirations and lifestyles of the adolescents their parents, their teacher and their society at large.

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