Agenda - Rancocas Valley Regional High School

Agenda

• QOD-

• Genocide video clip

• Propaganda folders with chart

• Connect the propaganda to the Protocols and the video

• Free write: What stands out to you about these images?

Sunday, March 6, 2011

What do these images convey?


• The great mass of the people...will more easily fall victim to a big lie than to a small one. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf.

• "Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people... Propaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea." Adolf Hitler wrote these words in his book Mein Kampf (1926), in which he first advocated the use of propaganda to spread the ideals of National Socialism -- among them racism, antisemitism, and anti-Bolshevism.

• Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda headed by Joseph Goebbels. The Ministry's aim was to ensure that the Nazi message was successfully communicated through art, music, theater, films, books, radio, educational materials, and the press.

Nazi Propaganda


http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005184




# What is the theme of this propaganda?

Describe the propaganda. Who is it aimed at? What strategies are used in the propaganda?

Connect the propaganda to the video clip and the Protocols.

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Nazi Propaganda


Defining the EnemyOne crucial factor in creating a cohesive group is to define who is excluded from membership. Nazi propagandists contributed to the regime's policies by publicly

identifying groups for exclusion, justifying their outsider status, and inciting hatred or cultivating indifference. Nazi propaganda was crucial in selling the myth of the

"national community" to Germans who longed for unity, national pride and greatness, and a break with the rigid social stratification of the past. But a second, more sinister

aspect of the Nazi myth was that not all Germans were welcome in the new community. Propaganda helped to define who would be excluded from the new

society and justified measures against the "outsiders."


A medieval depiction of a purported ritual murder committed by Jews.


This anti-Jewish parade float shows Polish Jews entering Germany followed by vermin. The inscription states: "They came-they took." University professors and religious leaders gave antisemitic themes respectability by incorporating them into their lectures and church sermons.


This is the book's cover, symbolically presenting many of the arguments against Jews. The ugly Jew is holding part of Russia under his arm, branded with the hammer and sickle. One hand holds a whip. The other hand holds bloody coins.

Through their control of cultural institutions such as museums, under the Reich Chamber of Culture the Nazis created new opportunities to disseminate anti-Jewish propaganda. Most notably, an exhibition entitled Der ewige Jude(The Eternal Jew) attracted 412,300 visitors, more than 5,000 per day, during its run at the Deutsches Museum in Munich from November 1937 to January 1938. Special performances by the Bavarian State Theater, reiterating the exhibition's antisemitic themes, accompanied the exhibition. The Nazis also associated Jews with "degenerate art," the subject of a companion exhibition in Munich seen by two million people. This image shows the cover of a 1937 publication advertising Der ewige Jude.


http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/whojew1.html

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/whojew1.html

That is to blame for the war!


This image depicts the Jew as a warmonger who looks on approvingly as the non-Jewish world is crucified on

a cross marked War.


"Jews are lice; They cause typhus."


Defining the EnemyOne crucial factor in creating a cohesive group is to define who is excluded from membership. Nazi propagandists contributed to the regime's policies by publicly

identifying groups for exclusion, justifying their outsider status, and inciting hatred or cultivating indifference. Nazi propaganda was crucial in selling the myth of the

"national community" to Germans who longed for unity, national pride and greatness, and a break with the rigid social stratification of the past. But a second, more sinister

aspect of the Nazi myth was that not all Germans were welcome in the new community. Propaganda helped to define who would be excluded from the new

society and justified measures against the "outsiders."


German children read an anti-Jewish propaganda book titled DER GIFTPILZ ( "The Poisonous Mushroom"). The girl on the left holds a companion volume, the translated title of which is "Trust No Fox." Germany, ca. 1938.


Poster: "Behind the enemy powers: the Jews"

Nazi propaganda often portrayed Jews as engaged in a conspiracy to provoke war.

Here, a stereotyped Jew conspires behind the scenes to control the Allied powers,

represented by the British, American, and Soviet flags.


Nazi propaganda photo depicts friendship between an "Aryan" and a black woman. The caption states: "The result! A loss of racial pride." Germany, prewar.


Anti-Roma (Gypsy) propaganda

Page of a propaganda article titled "Vagabonds: New Ways of Combating the Gypsy Plague." Campaigns against the Roma exploited racial prejudice and popular stereotypes to justify

their arrest and internment.


Poster promoting the Nazi monthly publication Neues Volk

The Nazi regime also singled out people with intellectual and physical disabilities. The caption reads:

"This hereditarily ill person will cost our national community 60,000 Reichmarks over the course of his lifetime. Citizen, this is your money." This publication, put out by the Nazi Party's Race Office, emphasized the burden placed on society by those deemed unfit.


Making a Leader& Rallying the Nation

Intense public desire for charismatic leaders offers fertile ground for the use of propaganda. Through a carefully orchestrated public image of Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, during the

politically unstable Weimar period the Nazis exploited this yearning to consolidate power and foster national unity. Nazi propaganda facilitated the rapid rise of the Nazi Party to political prominence. Election campaign materials from the 1920s and early 1930s, compelling visual

materials, and controlled public appearances coalesced to create a "cult of the Führer" (leader) around Hitler. His fame grew via speeches at rallies, parades, and on the radio. Nazi

propagandists cast Hitler as a military leader, a father figure, and a messianic leader brought to redeem Germany.


Poster stating: "The Führer promised to motorize Germany. In 1932, 104,000 motor vehicles were

manufactured, 33,000 people were employed, and goods with a total value of 295,000,000 marks were

produced. In 1935, 353,000 vehicles were manufactured, Over 100,000 people were employed, and the value of goods produced was 1,150,000,000

marks. The Führer gave 250,000 people's comrades jobs in the auto industry and its suppliers. German people: Thank the Führer on 29 March! Give him your vote!"


Mjölnir [Hans Schweitzer], "Our Last Hope—Hitler," 1932

In the presidential elections of 1932, Nazi propagandists appealed to Germans left unemployed and destitute by the Great Depression with an offer of a savior.


Nazi propagandists developed a keen appreciation for technology, including the gramophone. With it, recordings of Nazi speeches and entertaining

martial music could be played at local meetings for group listening or in the streets through loudspeakers mounted on trucks. The record shown here is

titled "Adolf Hitler—Our Leader!


Poster: "Workers of the Mind, of the Fist, Vote for the Front Soldier / HITLER!"

Nazi propagandists distinguished themselves from their leftist opponents by reaching out to both industrial

workers "of the fist" and white-collar workers "of the mind." This 1932 presidential election poster also

highlights the patriotic appeal of Hitler's status as a World War I veteran. 1932


This portrait depicts Hitler as a messianic figure gazing toward a better future for Germany, with the Nazi flag

billowing behind him.


Emil Scheibe, Hitler at the Front, 1942

During the war, Nazi propagandists embellished the "Hitler Cult" by transforming the German chancellor

into a supreme and infallible warlord who would guide the nation to final victory.


Poster promoting German railway

the design of this poster, the eagle appears to be rising and casting rays of light like the sun, suggesting German national renewal and a brighter future for its people.


This poster advertises the Nazi charity, the NSV. The text translates: “Health, child protection, fighting poverty, aiding travellers, community, helping mothers: These are the tasks of the National Socialist People’s Charity. Become a member!”


This poster is probably from the 1936 referendum. The text: “Before: Unemployment, hopelessness, desolation, strikes, lockouts. Today: Work, joy, discipline, comaradarie. Give the Führer your vote!”


Indoctrinating YouthFrom the 1920s onwards, the Nazi Party targeted German youth as a special audience for its propaganda messages. These messages emphasized that the Party was a movement of youth: dynamic, resilient, forward-looking, and hopeful. Millions of German young people

were won over to Nazism in the classroom and through extracurricular activities.


Toy figures representing Adolf Hitler and Nazi storm troopers helped attract a young audience to the party's activities.


Page from The Poisonous Mushroom

This photograph shows a page from one of several antisemitic children's books. The text reads, "The Jewish nose is crooked at its tip. It looks like the number 6."


Hitler Youth armband

A Hitler Youth armband: red band of cloth with white stripe through center, white patch with black swastika stitched to middle of armband.


Unknown artist, "Youth Serves the Leader: All 10-Year-Olds into the [Hitler Youth]," 1939. Devotion to Adolf Hitler was a key component of Hitler Youth training.


Scene from a youth rally

This image shows Hitler Youth marching in a swastika formation to honor Germany's Unknown Soldier at a rally in 1933.


Cover of an antisemitic children's book

Trust No Fox in the Green Meadow and No Jew on His Oath


Members of the League of German Girls paste up a recruiting poster urging young women to join their ranks. Nazi activists understood the

importance of peer pressure as a motivating factor for mass recruitment to the Nazi movement, which emphasized collective social

harmony and sacrifice for the greater good of the nation.


Writing the NewsWhen Hitler came to power in 1933, Germany had a well-developed

communications infrastructure. Over 4,700 daily and weekly newspapers were published annually in Germany, more newspapers than in any other industrialized nation, with a total circulation of 25 million. Although Berlin was the press capital,

small town presses dominated newspaper circulation (81% of all German newspapers were locally owned). Eight papers published in larger cities, however,

had established international reputations. Germany's movie industry ranked among the world's largest, its films had won international acclaim, and it had pioneered in

the development of both radio and television.


Headlines from German press

The German propaganda campaign against Warsaw climaxed in the days before the invasion, featuring such

headlines as "All of Poland in a War Fever," "Terror by Poles [against ethnic Germans] Grows Day by Day / Polish Bandits Murder Five-Month-Old Infant," and

"Poland Rejects Negotiations." This Völkischer Beobachter headline reads: All of Poland in War Fever"


Board game encouraging players to listen to German radio stations

This German board game encouraged players to listen to German radio stations while punishing those who landed on

a foreign radio station.


Volksempfänger ("People's Receiver")

Goebbels's ministry recognized the tremendous promise of radio for propaganda. It heavily subsidized the production of the inexpensive "People's Receiver" (Volksempfänger) to

facilitate sales. By early 1938, the number of radios in German homes surpassed more than 9 million, roughly one for every two German households. Three years later, this figure rose to

almost 15 million, providing 50 million Germans with regular radio reception.


Tag attached to a radio warning against listening to foreign broadcasts

"Remember! Listening to foreign broadcasts is a crime against the national security of our people. By

order of the Führer it will be punished with a severe prison sentence."


German Jews are forced to turn in their radios

On September 23, 1939, Jews in Germany were forced to turn in their radios to local authorities.


In a symbolic act of ominous significance, on May 10, 1933, university students burned upwards of 25,000 volumes of “un-German” books, presaging an era of state censorship and control of culture. Among the authors whose books student leaders burned that were the founder of the concept of communism, Karl Marx; critical “bourgeois” writers like the Austrian playwright Arthur Schnitzler, and “corrupting foreign influences,” among them American author Ernest Hemingway. Other writers included on the blacklists were American authors Jack London, Theodore Dreiser, and Helen Keller, whose belief in social justice encouraged her to champion the disabled, pacifism, improved conditions for industrial workers, and women's voting rights.

"Where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people."http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?

ModuleId=10005852&MediaId=158


http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId=10005852&MediaId=158




• http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=exhib_video (Berlin Olympics 1936)

• http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=aamerican (African American athletes)

• http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=ja (Jewish athletes)

•


http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=exhib_video




http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=aamerican




http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/videos/?content=ja




For two weeks in August 1936, Adolf Hitler's Nazi dictatorship camouflaged its racist, militaristic character while hosting the Summer Olympics. Minimizing its antisemitic agenda and plans for territorial expansion, the regime exploited the Games to impress many foreign spectators and journalists with an image of a peaceful, tolerant Germany. Having rejected a proposed boycott of the 1936 Olympics, the United States and other western democracies missed the opportunity to take a stand that contemporary observers claimed might have restrained Hitler and bolstered international resistance to Nazi tyranny. After the Olympics, Germany's expansionism and the persecution of Jews and other "enemies of the state" accelerated, culminating in World War II and the Holocaust.

August 1936


On May 13, 1931, the International Olympic Committee, headed by Count Henri Baillet-Latour of Belgium, awarded the 1936 Summer Olympics to Berlin. The choice signaled Germany's return to the world community after defeat in World War I.

Two years later, Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and quickly turned the nation's fragile democracy into a one-party dictatorship. Police rounded up thousands of political opponents, detaining them without trial in concentration camps. The Nazi regime also put into practice racial policies that aimed to "purify" and strengthen the Germanic "Aryan" population. A relentless campaign began to exclude Germany’s one-half million Jews from all aspects of German life.

Chancellor Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party. Many Germans hoped Hitler would bring order to a nation plagued by economic depression, social unrest, and political instability. Hitler's brand of fascism combined several elements: extreme nationalism, militarism, racism, and antisemitism.

Germany 1933-1936


Nazification of Sport

The "Nazification" of all aspects of German life extended even to sport. A staunch Nazi close to Hitler, Hans von Tschammer und Osten, headed the Reich Sports Office. This office oversaw all sports bodies and clubs, including the German Olympic Committee planning the 1936 Games.

The government harnessed sport as part of its drive to strengthen the "Aryan race," to exercise political control over its citizens, and to prepare German youth for war. "Non-Aryans"--Jewish or part-Jewish and Gypsy athletes--were systematically excluded from German sports facilities and associations. They were allowed only marginal training facilities, and their opportunities to compete were limited.

The magazine Das Deutsche Mädel (The German Girl) portrays the “ideal” female Aryan athlete. August 1935.

“German sport has only one task: to strengthen the character of the German people, imbuing it with the fighting spirit and steadfast camaraderie necessary in the struggle for its existence.” —Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, April 23, 1933


German sports imagery in the 1930s promoted the myth of "Aryan" racial superiority and physical power. Artists idealized athletes' well-developed muscle tone and heroic strength and accentuated so-called Aryan facial features -- blue eyes and blond hair. Such imagery also reflected the importance the Nazi regime placed on physical fitness.

The September 1936 issue of the Nazi anthropological and genetics journal Volk und Rasse (Folk and Race) links race, physical strength, and Olympic competition.

This poster announces a regional Nazi Party festival of physical fitness in Leipzig. July 1935.

Race Hygiene


Exclusion of JewsSoon after Hitler took power, the Nazis began to exclude Jews from German sport and recreational facilities. Barred from German sports clubs, Jewish athletes flocked to separate Jewish associations, but their facilities were no match for those of the well-funded German groups. Gretel Bergmann was a world-class high jumper who was expelled from her sports club in Ulm in 1933. Afterwards, she trained briefly with the Stuttgart branch of Der Schild (The Shield), a sports association organized under the auspices of the Jewish Association of War Veterans.

Bergmann (foreground, in black shirt) and other members of her Jewish sports club prepare to transform a former potato field into a handball field. 1933.

The establishment of “Olympic training courses” for Jewish athletes in 1935 was a sham, part of the Nazis' effort to deflect international criticism about discrimination against Jewish athletes. This photograph shows participants in a course at Ettlingen. No one from this course at Ettlingen or any other participated in the Olympics. Gretel Bergmann is in the foreground of this 1935 photograph of the participants in the Ettlingen training course.


March 1933The city of Cologne prohibits Jews from using city playgrounds and sports facilities.

4 April 1933The German Boxing Federation excludes Jewish boxers from participating in competitive bouts and orders the cancellation of all contracts involving Jewish promoters.

25 April 1933The Reich Sports Office directs implementation of an "Aryans only" policy in all German sports and gymnastic organizations. The order does not apply to Jewish war veterans or their descendants.

24 May 1933The German Gymnastic Society decrees that "Aryan" ancestry is mandatory for membership in their organization.

2 June 1933The Prussian Ministry of Science orders all Jewish youths expelled from village, city, county, and district groups of physical education associations and organizations

9 July 1933The All-German Chess Convention excludes all Jews from its membership.

22 August 1933Jews are excluded from public swimming pools in Wannsee (Berlin), Fulda, Beuthen, Speyer, and elsewhere.

Sep/Oct 1933"Non-Aryans" are prohibited from being professional or amateur jockeys.

7 March 1934The Reich Youth Leadership prohibits German Jewish youth groups from wearing uniforms.

19 June 1935The Baden Minister of Interior prohibits group hikes and similar activities for all non-National Socialist youth groups.


Persecution of AthletesThe German Boxing Association expelled amateur champion Eric Seelig in April 1933 because he was Jewish. Seelig later resumed his boxing career in the United States. Another Jew, Daniel Prenn, Germany's top-ranked tennis player, was removed from Germany's Davis Cup Team. Gypsies, including the Sinti boxer Johann "Rukelie" Trollmann, were also purged from German sports. In June 1933, Trollman, the German middleweight boxing champion, was banned from boxing for "racial reasons."

Gypsy boxer Johann Trollmann (third from right) with his German workers' sports club before he was barred from boxing in June 1933 for “racial reasons”. This photograph was taken in 1929.German-Jewish tennis player

Daniel Prenn playing at Wimbledon in 1934 after he emigrated to England.


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