AgendaEvolution of Communications

Digital vs VoIP

How VoIP works as a transport layer

What is “The Cloud”?

Common Applications

Advantages of VoIP

Misconceptions about VoIP

Evolution of CommunicationsScream at your Neighbor

2 Cans and a String

Central Office

CPE PBX usingIC Chips

IP PBX

Phone Guy Gets Yelled at!

Digital vs VoIPDigital -Like a Subway or a Train

Goes Point to PointLots of people in the same car!Predetermined stopsNot Very Flexible

VoIP – Like a TaxiDynamic in directionSingle Occupant Goes to one addressVery Flexible

Telephone SystemsTelephones are directly connected to the system

Telephones - limited distance from the KSU

Telephones are dumb terminals

System Hardware controls the configuration size

Communications is most often proprietary

Use Pulse Code Modulation

Use Time Division Multiplexing

Pulse Code ModulationEncoder

Time Division Multiplexing is the distance between the samplesVoice Conversation is transmitted in 0’s and 1’s

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

01100111

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

01100111

Transport Layer

Ext 1401Voice

Ext 2407Voice

Digitized VoiceAll 0’s and 1’s

Digitized VoiceAll 0’s and 1’s

Transmitted Via T1/PRI

PSTNT1/PRI transportE&M Emulation

PBX 1 PBX 2

Transmitted Via T1/PRI

Ext 401Voice

Ext 407Voice

PBX

010001110101 010001110101

What is VoIPVoice over Internet Protocol is the transmission of voice

over a network – Not the Internet

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model:7 = Application – processes applications6 = Presentation – data representation and encryption5 = Session – Inter-host communications4 = Transport – End to end connections and reliability (TCP)3 = Network – Path determination and logical addressing (IP)2 = Data Line – Physical Addressing (MAC addresses & LLC)1 = Physical – Medial, signal and binary transmission

192.16 West 8.1st – Office 1192.16 West 8.1st – Office 2192.16 West 8.1st – Office 3192.16 West 8.1st – Office 4192.16 West 8.1st – Office 5192.16 West 8.1st – Office 6

192.168.1.1192.168.1.2192.168.1.3192.168.1.4192.168.1.5192.168.1.6

Address Driven

IP Address

OFFICE 5

OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4

OFFICE 1

OFFICE 2

OFFICE 3x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Server Room

19216 WEST 81ST

OFFICE 5

OFFICE 6

OFFICE 4

OFFICE 1

OFFICE 2

OFFICE 3x

x

x

x

x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

Transport Layer

Ext 1401Voice

Ext 2401Voice

Digitized VoiceAll 0’s and 1’s

Digitized VoiceAll 0’s and 1’s

Packets addressed and sent over the Internet

Internet transports from one location to another using address

PBX 1 PBX 2

Gateway

Internet

Gateway62.203.3.1 67.203.5.1

Packets addressed and sent over the Internet

What is the Cloud?

66.210.10.1

127.107.7.1

62.203.3.1 66.166.1.464.201.100.4

65.25.2.2 61.200.2.3 62.2.200.4

65.16.200.5 168.68.2.6

66.210.10.2

127.107.7.2 127.107.7.3

66.166.1.12

Common ApplicationsRemote Worker

Unmanaged Network – Latency and jitterBandwidth LimitationsOnly need one static IP Address

Internet

67.28.190.127

167.19.120.111

192.168.100.1

301 302 303

WAN

Common ApplicationsRemote WorkersGateway RegistrationWAN Port

Internet

67.28.190.127125.105.90.201

167.19.120.111

112.47.99.98

192.168.1.120

192.168.22.199301 302 303

192.168.100.1

Common Applications

301 302 303 301 302 303

67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13

Internet

Creating a Voice NetworkUnmanaged Network – Latency and jitterBandwidth LimitationsOnly need one static IP Address

Common ApplicationsAdding to the Voice Network

301 302 303 301 302 303

67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13

192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111 192.168.11.110 192.168.11.111

Internet

LANLANWAN

192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111

Internet

301 302 303

Common Applications

67.28.190.127

SIP Trunks

SIP Trunks

Adding SIP trunks to the Voice Network

Common ApplicationsTwo locations

301 302 303 301 302 303

67.28.190.127 122.24.50.13

192.168.22.110 192.168.22.111 192.168.11.110 192.168.11.111

Internet

SIP Trunks

Advantages to VoIPStandards of Interconnectivity Dynamic in Installation and Application Unlimited in Size – Global NetworkRemote workersRelatively easy to create a “Voice Network”Easy to do MAC WorkSingle Cable Runs (Maybe)Tree Topology

Tree Topology 1

OFFICE 5

OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4

OFFICE 1

OFFICE 2

OFFICE 3

x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Server Room

192.168.1.5 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1

192.168.1.6 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.2

Tree Topology 2

OFFICE 5

OFFICE 6 OFFICE 4

OFFICE 1

OFFICE 2

OFFICE 3

x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Server Room

192.168.1.5 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.1

192.168.1.6 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.2

Disadvantages of VoIPRemains Expensive for the Small Business

Can be difficult to troubleshoot

Standards are still evolving

Quality of Voice over an Unmanaged Network

Lags on Call Processing Functionality

External Interfaces

Line appearances and buttons

Misconceptions about VoIPI am going to save Money!No more paying long distance toll chargesWhen I use VoIP I only need one cable drop per officeUsing Remote workers will save me money because I can

use a smaller office