Agenda

Discussion of Some Historical Developments Wiki Contributions (15 minutes)

Contributor Balderdash (15 minutes)

Theorist Overview (90 minutes)

Contributor Research Session (40 minutes)

S

AE610: Survey of Art Education

A Overview of Some Art Education Theorists

Theorists 1800s

William Bently Fowle

Was a teacher who “taught art” in Boston

Based art instruction after Geometry

Student monitors, drawing to aid in handwriting

William Minifie

“Taught art” in Philadelphia (but only taught for one year)

Geometric and mechanical drawing for industry

Other schools-Art taught to help handwriting skillsUpper class- Art taught for societal reasons

Theorists 1800s

G. Stanley Hall

Psychology/Education

Child Study Movement focus shifted from what could be impressed on the child to what the child could express

More emphasis placed on imagination

Walter Smith

Hired to facilitate instruction in response to compulsory art education by Massachusetts in 1871

State Director, City Supervisor, Teacher Trainer, and Author

Prescriptive curriculum built from simple to complex

Theorists

Picture Study

Developed out of desire to teach beauty through art and nature, neglected “modern” art

Group Discussion: Image Selection for the Art Classroom

What images do you tend to favor as an artist?What images do you tend to be drawn to use in the classroom? Why do you incorporate images into the classroom?What (if any) images should not be shown in the classroom?

Theorists 1800s

Walter Sargent

Drawing as a language and as a tool with which to think- a revolutionary idea

John Dewey

Ideal school provides physical, emotional, and intellectual freedom which brought creativity into the picture

Creativity learned in art leads to creativity in other areas

Arthur Wesley Dow

Composition/ elements and principles

Systematic instruction to produce a completed art product

Johann Freidrich Herbart

Father of Pedagogy/ Science of Education

Theorists 1900s-1930s

Skinner:

Behavior modification

Owatonna

Art for life (art in society)

Gestalt:

Max Wertheimer and others- problem solving and perception

Bauhaus:

German school founded by Gropius that focused on functional design

Theorists 1930s-1950s

D’Amico:

Emphasized creativity versus structure

Rogers

ONLY the self knows best

Cizek:

Father of art education. Child centered learning.

Piaget

4 stages of learning

Theorists 1930s-1950s

Viktor Lowenfeld

Creative Activity/ Creative and Mental Growth interested in creative and mental growth of students; placed students at the center of instruction and teacher preparation

5 stages of artistic development

William Heard Kilpatrick

Art in the service of concept formation (arts as related to other subject areas, project based)

Margaret Naumburg

Art in the subject of mental health (art gives students chance to alleviate/communicate needs

Theorists 1950s-1960s

o Maslowo Hierarchy of needs

o May:o Existential psychology

o Feldmano Art criticism in

education

o Barkan:o Early proponent of

content based art education

Theorists 1960s-present

Goleman:

Emotional Intelligences

Eisner:

Advocated change to content/curriculum oriented discipline

Gardner:

Multiple Intelligences

o Smitho Journal of Aesthetic

Education-writing about art education.

Theorists 1960s-present

o Eric Jensen

o Synthesizes brain development and arts research

o Rudolph Arnheim

o “Art and Visual Perception” (1954), “Film as Art” (1957) and “Visual Thinking” (1969).

o Vygotsky

o Zone of Proximal Development

Theorists 1960s-present

Freedman

Visual Culture

o Getty Foundation

o DBAE

o Betty Edwards

o Drawing with the Right Side of the Brain

o Mary Ann Stankiewicz

o Harvard Project Zero

References

http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/index.html