Ammonia as a refrigerant in the Water Chiller for apple storage cooling
Agenda - · PDF fileAgenda Chiller Components Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
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Transcript of Agenda - · PDF fileAgenda Chiller Components Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
Agenda
Chiller Components
Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
Compressor lowers pressure in the
evaporator, allowing refrigerant to
boil and absorb heat from water.
1.
Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
Compressor
raises pressure
of refrigerant gas and discharges
into condenser
Compressor lowers pressure in the
evaporator, allowing refrigerant to
boil and absorb heat from water.
1.
2.
Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
Compressor
raises pressure
of refrigerant gas and discharges
into condenser
Cooling water in condenser removes heat from
refrigerant gas allowing it to condense back into liquid.
Compressor lowers pressure in the
evaporator, allowing refrigerant to
boil and absorb heat from water.
1.
2.
3.
Chiller Refrigerant Cycle
Compressor
raises pressure
of refrigerant gas and discharges
into condenser
Cooling water in condenser removes heat from
refrigerant gas allowing it to condense back into liquid.
Metering device
maintains seal
between condenser and evaporator.
Compressor lowers pressure in the
evaporator, allowing refrigerant to
boil and absorb heat from water.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chiller Efficiency
What Influences Chiller Efficiency ?
Importance of Maintaining Chiller Efficiency
Cost of Inefficiency
Condenser Problems
Evaporator Problems
Reality of Chiller Plant Operation•
•
Typical ChillerMaintenance Program
Log Readings Alone Are Not Efficient
Log Readings Alone Are Not Efficient
Chiller Logging
Chiller Instrumentation
Fair Better
Orange Research Weiss Instruments
For R-11 & R-123 Low Pressure Refrigerant Chillers
Condenser Liquid
Refrigerant Temperature
Take temperature at liquid line
leaving condenser. Recommend
Raytek Model ST 60 or better.
Condenser Saturated
Refrigerant Temperature
On a Low-Pressure
Refrigerant Chiller
R-11 & R-123
Non-Condensables
Non-Condensables
91 5.3
92 5.6
93 6.0
94 6.4
95 6.8
96 7.2
97 7.6
98 8.0
99 8.4
Sat Temp Sat Pres
Non-Condensables
Non-Condensables
Condenser Approach
Condenser Water In
Condenser Water Out
Condenser
Pressure
Liquid
Refrigerant
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure
Temperature
Pressure
Causes of High Condenser Approach
Condenser Approach:
Clean Versus Dirty Condenser Tubes
When Tubes Are Clean
High Condenser Approach:When Condenser Tubes Get Dirty...
Tube Fouling:When Condenser Tubes Get Dirty
High Condenser Approach
High Condenser Approach
High Condenser Approach
Condenser
Pressure
Liquid Refrigerant
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure
Temperature
Pressure
Pressure Drop = P in – P out
Water Flow Problems
Low Condenser Water Flow
Calculate Flow Actual Versus Design
High Inlet Condenser Water Temperature
Evaporator Instrumentation
Evaporator Water In
Evaporator Water Out
Evaporator
Pressure
Liquid
Refrigerant
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure
Temperature
Pressure
Evaporator Approach Problems
Evaporator Water In
Evaporator Water Out Evaporator
Pressure
Liquid
Refrigerant
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure
Temperature
Pressure
High Evaporator Approach Can be Caused by:
Low Evaporator Set Point
Compressor Instrumentation
Chiller Capacity - 1,500 tons
This log sheet was taken at a chiller plant with over 40,000 tons of chiller
capacity. During your site survey you obtain the following log sheet.
Easy and
effective.
ChillerMax:The High-Tech Solution
Operator visits all operating chillers and collects data on a daily basis
Operator hot syncs with the website for chiller report or using Autolog, log data can be entered directly
from a BAS system
Problems are identified and quantified by source
Corrective actions are given and scheduled
Efficiency is restored or maintained
ChillerMax Identifies Problems
Using the ChillerMax
Website
Logon to ChillerMax Website using Username and Password Provided
Using the ChillerMax Website
Chiller Dashboard
Solutions
Logsheet View
Readings in
yellow indicate a
run time error
View Charts
Chart Trends
Logging ChillersUsing ChillerMax
Add Log Record
Enter Required Data
Digital Control Panels
Condenser and Evaporator Readings
Water
temperatures
Water pressure
drops
Refrigerant
pressures Condenser refrigerant
temperature
For R-11 & R-123 Low Pressure Refrigerant Chillers
Compressor and Electrical Readings
Oil level &
temperature
Oil pressure
Amps & volts
Using ChillerMax to Track Maintenance Tasks
Condition Based Maintenance
Example: Emory University
Internally Enhanced Tubes
Dirty Tube
Single Direction
Two-Direction Versus Single-Direction Tube Brushing
Two-Direction Brushing Single-Direction Brushing
Single Direction
ChillerMax Identifies Problems
ChillerMax Restores Efficiency
Lessons Learned with Internally Enhanced Tubes
Use a brush designed
for internally enhanced tubes
Change brushes as required, use a bore scope to inspect tubes
Brush with a cleaning machine
using dual rotation action
Use Borescope to Inspect Tubes
Questions& Answers
