Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”
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Transcript of Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?1
9.15 am Virtualisation, What is it and Why is it?Rob Lovell (SWsoft)
10.00 am Citrix/Application Virtualisation Fraser Kyne (Citrix)
10.30 am Hardware, Intel and VirtualisationDimitrios Ziakas (Intel)
11.00 am Coffee Break
11.15 am Virtuozzo 3.5.1 Live Demonstration Paul Martin (SWsoft)
11.45 am Underlying Technologies, and Reducing the riskAndy Bailey (Stratus)
12.15 pm Policy Based Orchestration & AutomationDuncan Johnston Watt (Enigmatec)
12.30 pm Close
Agenda: A “Virtual Reality”
Virtualisation:Why and What It Is?A “Virtual Reality”Rob Lovell, Managing Director
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?3
Moscow,Russia
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HeadquartersWashington DC
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International Operations
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Sales & Marketing, R&D
• Headquartered in Herndon, VA Offices in USA, Europe and Asia
• Privately funded, strong financials Fastest Growing Virtualisation Technology - 98% In ’05 170+% growth, Funding from by Bessemer, Insight and Intel Profitable 8% Market Share of i386 Virtualised Environments
• Expert team 600+400+ Top-notch engineers
Organic Hiring Strategy Alexey Kuznetsov, TCP/IP in Linux 40+ patents pending
• Successfully expanding to Enterprise Market Market leader position in the ISP/Telco space
SWsoft Corporate Overview and Growth
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?4
"Any problem in computer science can be solved with another layer of indirection. But that usually will create another problem"
David WheelerComputer Scientist
Epigraph
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?5
• History and Problems of Commodity Architectures Virtualisation defined and its benefits
• Virtualisation for Production Workloads and more Hardware partitioning Virtual Machine Monitors More on VMM - what is Hypervisor; Paravirtualisation; Intel VT and AMD SVM OS Virtualisation Distributed Virtualisation Application Virtualisation and more
• Why Tools, Automation and Resource Management
• Virtualisation effect on IT Does it benefit desktops? How it changes IT industry and its revenues? Could Virtualisation enable outsourcing?
• Summary and Short Q&A
Agenda
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?6
1000s of Specialised Servers
• High cost• Hard to automate• Low flexibility• Low Service Levels
Management Costs
Software Costs
Hardware Costs
IDC Costs
Operating Systems History and Today
• Per Applications or User Group• Separately provisioned• Separately managed• Poorly utilised <10%
• Single Task Single User• Multi-Task Single User• Multi-Task, Multi-User• One-to-one Environment-to-
box
Inefficient IT Infrastructure
OS
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superuser
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Gartner estimate “Intel servers running at 10 to 15 percent utilisation are common.”November 2004: Predicts 2004: Server Virtualisation Evolves Rapidly
Problems of Commodity Architecture
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?7
“…Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments...”
http://www.kernelthread.com/publications/virtualization/
Virtualisation – Braking One-to-One Relationship
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?8
• Cut Cost On Management, Hardware, Infrastructure, Power and Software
• Get More out of the Existing Infrastructure Assets Hardware, Power Capacity, DC Floor Space, Routers, SAN, IT Staff, etc
• Improve Flexibility of IT Infrastructure Dynamic resource allocation to meet application or business unit needs Abstract from hardware and other fixed assets, easy capacity planning
• Improve Availability at Lower Cost Reduce or eliminate downtime for upgrades and updates Faster Backup/Recovery in case of Hardware and Software Failures Much easier configuration of clustering or HA deployments
• Enable Much Easier Automation and Management Reduce Time, Simplify and Improve Reliability of Provisioning, Patch Management,
Configuration Changes, Backup, Security, Audit and Compliance Enable Self-Management, Delegation, Usage Accounting and Chargeback's
Virtualisation: Simply Better IT Management Model
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?9
• Hardware Partitioning
• Virtualisation of Hardware Virtual Machine Monitors (VMM) Hypervisor architecture – how it improves VMM ParaVirtualisation - what is it on top of Hypervisor Hardware ParaVirtualisation
• Virtualisation of Operating System
• Distributed Virtualisation
• Application Virtualisation Other types of Virtualisation, relevant and not
Current Partitioning and Virtualisation
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?10
• Defined Accomplished on the hardware and chipset level Control monitor software (BIOS is controlling partitioning) Enables multiple different OSs to run natively
• Examples Various IBM machines, Sun, HP, Unisys and more
• Advantages Very Strong (too?) isolation , native performance/scalability
• Disadvantages Expensive by nature – special chipsets, high-end hardware Relatively static, many OSs to manage In many cases effectively looks somehow like rack of blade servers
Hardware Partitioning
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?11
• Defined Virtualises access to hardware,
creates “standard” virtual hardware There is Host OS and each guest
has full standard OS VMM does switching, virtualises hardware
and solves virtualisation problems
• Examples VMware Server, Microsoft Virtual Server,
Parallels
• Advantages Good isolation, different OS on the
same box, Broad OS support, good resemblance of separate computer
• Disadvantages Low manageability – effectively almost as many servers/OS Performance, especially I/O overhead, double caching Scalability overhead, limited SMP, data locality/coherency optimisations void Lots of duplication on disk and in memory > low density
• Can engineering perform miracles?
Proprietary or Standard OS
Exec. Env. #1
Guest OS
Exec. Env. #3
Guest OS
Exec. Env. #2
Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hardware
Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Virtual Machine Monitors
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?12
• Defined Quicker and more optimised than the simple
VMM No switching in VMM as the Hypervisor runs
at higher privilege level Hypervisor becomes a proprietary OS to
manage virtual servers
• Examples VMware ESX, XEN and Parallels
• Advantages Better performance, higher efficiency through
“thin”, more security and isolation
• Disadvantages Proprietary main OS to depend on –
hardware2 support, security As performance gets optimised “thin”
becomes “thick” I/O overhead is still significant,
caching/locality/coherency issues still exist
Exec. Env. #1
Guest OS
Main OS
ModifiedDrivers
Exec. Env. #2
Guest OS
Exec. Env. #3
Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hypervisor
Hardware
Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
More on VMM – “Hypervisor” – New OS
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?13
• Defined Recompiles the guess OS to optoimise for
Virtual infrastructure Takes out x86 unsafe instructions ParaVirtualisation (UML, XEN) simply
replaces them in the guest kernel source and -> ParaVirtualisation simply rewrites device drivers and more in Guest and main OS
• Second: I/O and memory still not ready to be virtualised
VMware, MSFT, Parallels solve this through smart and complex binary compatible ways – VMware Tools = Drivers for main and host OS
• Advantages Better performance, better efficiency, nicer
looking architecture No need to solve virtualisation problems in
VMM anymore
• Disadvantages Recompiled Guest OS potentially behaves
differently with applications, especially performance-wise and must be separately optimised and certified
Does not really solve density, manageability, management or scalability problems
Standards war on “paravirtalisation API proposals”
Exec. Env. #1
Modified Guest OS
Exec. Env. #2
Modified Guest OS
Exec. Env. #3
Modified Guest OS
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hardware
Virtual Hardware Virtual HardwareVirtual Hardware
Main OS
Para ModifiedDrivers
Hypervisor
ParaVirtualisation (demystified)
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?14
• Defined Hardware that is “virtual aware” First: no unsafe instructions
▪ No more of a problem▪ Note: Still could not be used directly,
optimised implementations are needed Second: I/O and memory are now virtualiseable
▪ F.e. DMA tables could be partitioned▪ With device vendors support “virtualised”
devices could be created to be dedicated to individual VMs with little overhead
• Examples Intel VT and AMD SVM
• Advantages Much easier to develop more even thinner, scalable and better performing VMM (only virtual
hardware), as well as hardware protected light-weight Hypervisor so newcomers like Parallels are on the market – no virtualisation problems to solve
XEN can now run Windows
• Disadvantage Disables live migration Does not eliminate the need for Virtualisation (VMM) or Hypervisor software Does not solve all of hardware virtualisation problems, only helps I/O Still double-cache problems exist etc
Exec. Env. #1
Standrd Guest OS
Main OS
Exec. Env. #2
Standard Guest OS
Exec. Env. #3
Standard Guest OS
Hypervisor
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hardware
Virtual HardwareVirtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Hardware Paravirtualisaiton
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?15
• Defined Virtualises access to the Operating
System Single, standard OS kernel (drivers and low
level OS services) are running on each computer
Each Environment sees its own “virtual OS” instance/objects andbehaves as separate computer
• Examples SWsoft Virtuozzo, Sun Solaris
Containers/Zones
• Advantages Excellent Manageability, no OS/APP sprawl Faster management operations Highest density, full native scalability and performance Lightweight enough for number of unique scenarios
• Disadvantages Same low level kernel services No Windows on Linux or Linux on Windows (but multiple distributions are possible)
• Engineering has performed miracles!?
Operating System Virtualisation
Host OS
Exec.Env. #1
Exec.Env. #2
Exec.Env. #3
Exec.Env. #4
Exec.Env. #5
Hardware
OS Virtualisation
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?16
• Performance Most Efficient Form of Virtualisation management of the OS Intelligent Partitioning Intensive Applications like Oracle, Citrix, SQL Native IO performance
• Density Light container technology Small Footprint Performance Management tools to mass-manage your
entire infrastructure
• Agility and DR Create and manage servers/applications in
seconds Provide resources and take them away on the
fly. Move around applications and servers with no
interruption to get best possible utilisation Backup and clone environments, have them
running in seconds even after lights-out
What Benefits does OS have
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?17
• Defined Abstracting resources group of computers and creating something resembling “single
image” execution environment across of them
• Examples Initial positioning of Virtual Iron, variety of grid computing vendors Now several vendors like 3tera which try to combine two approaches for better
manageability and flexibility, as well as combine them with clustering
• Advantages Enables single environment to scale more then resources of any single server Could improve availability and balance resources more equally
• Disadvantages Most of applications need to be specially changed/designed and some could not be Significantly more complex programming model when rewrite is needed Difficult and “unusual” to administer Typically require expensive low-latency connectivity hardware (Infiniband)
• Connectivity is improving slower then single box CPU power - with multi-core CPU SMP boxes would distributed virtualisation be broadly needed?
Distributed Virtualisation
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?18
• Defined Virtualises single application environment
• Examples Softricity (Microsoft), Citrix, Altiris
• Advantages/Benefits Enables you to run several versions or instances of the same application on the same
hardware Enables you to run application anywhere without installing or configuring it – install
applications on USER, not on the computer
• Not really the same category as above• Other “Virtualisation”
Storage and Network Virtualisation Java, .NET, other and distributed arch. (Google does not need Virtualisation!) Numerous hardware and API/ABI emulators and simulators Denali, Disco, ExoKernel, Nemesis, Inferno – research projects (cool names)
Application Virtualisation and More
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?19
What are the issues • No physical interfaces in Virtual World
Lots of things in physical infrastructure are taken for granted
• Virtualisation creates a “too flexible” infrastructure? Management tools are mandatory
How are they Solved?• Lots of underutilised servers
And Operating Systems, and Applications, and Users Key word - lots Virtualisation increases utilisation and enables automation Automation and Integration is needed!
• Resource Management is now possible Hardware is virtualised and uniform Still Service Level Management needs to be done somehow Barrier, share, maximum, guarantee, burstable, affinity, plan, Configure, Enforce, Control, Monitor,
Account, Report, Balance, complex policies, live migration, fairness, dynamic, real-time
Back to Indirection,?
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?20
• Enable easy desktop management Server based desktops accessible from any device (home, work, mobile) Dramatically easier recovery/restore procedures, enable true remote management,
instantaneous provisioning Improve/unify update management Share single desktop more safely
• Enhance security Isolate (hardware protect) dangerous applications or uses
• Access a different SKU Run Windows application on Mac, Linux on Windows – more choice for the user, less
OS to support for the application vendors
• In order to become truly useful must be very easy and must not require any sacrifice
3d games and many other applications require 100% (+++) performance Management should not be harder with its implementation
How Virtualisation Benefit Desktops?
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?21
• How does it affect vendor revenues Would this mean less or more infrastructure needed? Would this mean less or more hardware needed? Would this mean less or more software licenses needed? Would this mean less or more IT people needed?
• Example: software licensing Was per physical unit (CPU, socket, user, device) Now per virtual environment/unit is attempted – is it wrong??? Complex – migration, dynamic resource reallocations, non-started licenses OS Virtualisation – single OS is installed, registered, on disk, started and running – just
more isolation – why pay more? New licensing is needed, licensing should not hold up the usage
• Virtualisation makes IT more useful Should mean that IT budgets are be increased, not decreased Example: 10,000 servers can create 2-5x more VE/VMs
Virtualisation Effect on the IT Industry
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?22
• Virtualisation “side effects” Enables oversell Make hardware uniform and reusable Enables fine-grain delegation Enables full remote management Decreases costs of achieving measurable high-security
• Server consolidation projects create in-house service providers
Single consolidated datacenter Departments/business units are “customers” Usage accounting, chargeback's required
• With high speed secure external networks Would this mean outsourced Utility Computing Of course lots of tools and core features to add
Could Virtualisation Enable True Outsourcing?
Virtualisation: Why and What it is?23
• Hyped-up space Filter the virtualisation noise There are many different and complimentary types and products Some are not real today and for all there is lots of work to do
• Virtualisation is real and will be everywhere ButlerGroup predict “Virtualisation will increase from 7% of i386 servers to 70%” Every new idea is a forgotten old idea Just natural evolution related to increased IT usage and computer power Much more then just consolidation and cost savings (even embedded/mobile) At the end it makes IT more efficient and enables outsourcing Could and would dramatically change IT competitive landscape
• Will Virtualisation be part of the Operating Systems and Hardware?
Certainly not all of it and most certainly not for 5-10 years
• The presentation is just my opinion
Summary