AGEH Hort 29McConnell Arboretum and Gardens

Fall 2013

Allium tuberosumGarlic Chives

Allium tuberosumGarlic Chives

• Flowers smell like violets

• Leaves have a mild garlic flavor

• Plant bulbs in well-drained soil

• Lift and divide bulbs only after clumps become crowded

Allium tuberosum

Garlic Chives in the garden-grows slowly in expanding clumps

Garlic Chive seeds

Allium tuberosumGarlic Chives

• Leaves and flower stalks used as a flavoring similar to chives in foods in Asia and Southeast Asia.

• Plant can become invasive once it is established.

Anemone X hybrida, Japanese anemone,

buttercup family, Ranunculaceae

• Perennial from rhizomes, native to Asia; dies to ground in winter

• Basal leaves compound, leaflets lobed and toothed

• Flowers with numerous stamens and pistils

• Best with afternoon shade in Redding; moderate water

• Choose while in bloom for accurate color

Anemone X hybrida, Japanese anemone,

buttercup family, Ranunculaceae

Aster novae-anliae‘Purple Dome’

New England Aster

Aster novae-angliae ‘Purple Dome’

• Native to eastern US and Canada

• Introduced to Europe in 1710

• Common garden escape alongside roads and disturbed areas

• Tolerant of wet soils where they may reseed

Bambusa multiplex, ‘Alphonse Karr’ bamboo, grass family, Poaceae

Bambusa multiplex, ‘Alphonse Karr’ bamboo, grass family

• Clumping bamboos are the safest• Running types spread incredibly and need

underground barriers for control• Culms of this form striped pink and green on

yellow (jazzy)

Berberis thunbergii, Redleaf Japanese barberrybarberry family, Berberidaceae

Berberis thunbergii, redleaf Japanese barberry

• Deciduous shrub to 6 ft or more, depending on the cultivar chosen

• Quite spiny--spines are modified leaves formed on long shoots. In the axils of the spines, are normal leaves of short shoots.

• Purple color becomes redder in fall

• Needs moderate water

Cyperus alternifolius, umbrella plant, sedge family, Cyperaceae

• Native to Africa• Vigorous, perennial water

plant• Sun or shade, but need

lots of water (can grow in a container with a saucer)

• Effective in, or next to, ponds

Cyperus alternifolius, umbrella plant, sedge family, Cyperaceae

Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower

Echinacea purpureaPurple Coneflower

• Native to eastern North America

• Pollinated by butterflies and bees

• Needs at least partial sun

• Thrives in dry or moist soil

• Slugs eat this plant

Echinacea purpureaPurple coneflower

• Roots and sometimes flowers used

• Antidepressant properties• Stimulates the immune

system to make more cells and increase activity

• Prevents infection when used to treat wounds

• Use in AIDS infections is controversial

Equisetum hyemale, horsetail horsetail family, Equisetaceae

Equisetum hyemale, horsetail

• NATIVE to California, and all of North America

• Rushlike spore-producing survivor of the Carboniferous age, when they were 30 ft tall;

• Vigorous perennial; keep enclosed in a pot; weedy in damp areas

• Cell walls have silica—’scouring rushes’

• Poisonous to horses

Euphorbia rigidaGopher Spurge

Euphorbias

• All spurges exude milky latex when cut—irritating to skin

• Odd flowers with naked pistils, turning into three-lobed capsules

Euphorbia rigidaGopher Spurge

• Native to Mediterranian and Middle East

• Considered a weed there!

• Americans and Brits use it in their gardens

Euphorbia rigidaGopher Spurge

• Research is being done to use as a biofuel

• Reseeds in areas• Appeared

spontaneously in California wildlands

Festuca‘Siskiyou Blue’Fescue

Festuca ‘Siskiyou Blue’Fescue

• Hybrid with both native and European heritage

• Plant in sun• Tolerates

considerable shade• Prefers good

drainage• Needs extra water in

Redding heat

Fremontodendron californicum, flannelbush

Fremontodendron californicum, flannelbush

mallow family, Malvaceae

Fremontodendron californicum, flannelbush

• NATIVE to California, Arizona, Baja Calif.

• Evergreen shrub with thick, alternate, lobed leaves covered with star-shaped, irritating hairs

• Showy yellow 5-lobed flowers

Grevillea rosmarinifoliarosemary grevillea

protea family, Proteaceae

Grevillea rosmarinifoliarosemary grevillea

protea family, Proteaceae

• Prickly evergreen shrub, red or pink-flowered, native to SE Australia

• This is one of many grevillea species & cultivars—others differ in flower color, leaf width, plant height

• The protea family only grows in the southern hemisphere, & includes the genus Macadamia (nuts!)—Macadamia is the only food plant of significance that is native to Australia

Hedychium coronariumOrnamental Ginger

Hedychium coronariumOrnamental Ginger

• Native to the Himalayas

• Plant spread by rhizomes

• Naturalized in Hawaii, invasive species there

• Fragrant blooms• National Flower of

Cuba• Needs moderate to

high humidity

Miscanthus sinensis, Japanese silver grass, grass family, Poaceae

Miscanthus sinensis, Japanese silver grass

Miscanthus sinensis, Japanese silver grass

• Clump formers, in many sizes and forms

• Prune all in late Jan/Feb to allow for new growth, or old leaves scatter all over the garden

• Need sun, moderate water

Mentha spicataSpearmint

Mentha spicataSpearmint

• Mediterranean native• Spread rapidly by

underground stems and can be quite invasive

• To keep them in bounds grow in pots or boxes

• Light moist soil, regular water and prefers partial shade

Mentha spicataSpearmint

• Attracts bees and other insects

• Leaves used as flavoring fresh, dried or frozen

• Steeped tea used as treatment for stomach ache

Muhlenbergia rigens, deergrass grass family, Poaceae

Muhlenbergia rigens, deergrass grass family, Poaceae

• NATIVE to SW North America

• Large clump forming perennial grass with very narrow long inflorescences

• Widely used in xeriscaping and native landscape restoration

• Looks better with some irrigation

Myrtus communis, myrtle, myrtle family, Myrtaceae

Myrtus communis, myrtle, myrtle family, Myrtaceae

• Native to Mediterranean• Hardy to 14 degrees F• Comes in green,

variegated, small-leaved cultivars; will take partial shade

• Needs little to moderate water

• Can be sheared• Aromatic foliage, berries

Nepeta X faassenii, catmint mint family, Lamiaceae

Nepeta X faassenii, catmint

• As mint family member, has opposite leaves, square stems, bilabiate flowers

• Flowers in interrupted terminal spikes

• Deciduous perennial related to catnip

• Native to the Mediterranean• Cut back after flowering to keep

compact and get more flowers

Phlomis fruticosa, Jerusalem-sagemint family, Lamiaceae

Phlomis--Jerusalem-sage• As mint family member, has

opposite leaves, square stems, bilabiate flowers

• Flowers in axillary clusters called verticillasters

• Stems and foliage are furry• Evergreen shrub with yellow

flowers• Native to the Mediterranean

Pontederia cordata, Pickerelweedpickerweed family, Pontederiaceae

Pontederia cordata, Pickerelweed ,

• Aquatic perennial native to eastern North America

• 4 ft high, 2 ft wide, leaves and flowers above surface of water. Often grown with water lilies, needs 1 ft of water, dormant in winter

• Takes full sun or part shade

Punica granatum, pomegranateloosestrife family, Lythraceae

Punica granatum, pomegranateloosestrife family, Lythraceae

• Deciduous , thorny small tree or shrub (dwarf form available)

• Lanceolate leaves turn yellow in fall

• Scarlet flowers attract hummingbirds

• Fruit a leathery-skinned berry with numerous seeds; the edible red fleshy seed covering is called an aril

Ruellia brittoniana, Mexican petuniaacanthus family, Acanthaceae

Ruellia brittoniana, Mexican petunia•

Prefers fertile soil with regular moisture,

• After flowering, cut back stems about halfway for a new crop

• Narrow, opposite leaves; tubular flowers opening into five broad lobes.

• VIGOROUS—expanding via creeping rhizomes (underground stems)

Salvia forskaohleiForsskal’s Salvia or Indigo

Woodland Sage

Salvia forskaohlei

• Thrives in partial shade

• Native to Bulgaria and the Mediterranean

• Makes a large ground covering

• Loamy well-drained soil for best show

• Snails and slugs love this Salvia

Salvia forskaohlei

• Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family

• 700-900 species and many cultivars

Verbena rigida, rough verbenaverbena family, Verbenaceae

Verbena rigida, rough verbenaverbena family, Verbenaceae

• Rhizomatous ground cover; dies to ground in winter; easily propagated by division

• Opposite, lanceolate, serrate leaves, rough to the touch

• Blooms late spring to fall• flowers best with sun

Rubus rolfei, creeping raspberry, rose family, Rosaceae

Rubus rolfei, creeping raspberry, rose family, Rosaceae

• Evergreen trailing groundcover native to Asia• Leaves simple, alternate, thick & crinkly, shallowly lobed• Flowers like blackberry flowers but single, not in

branched clusters; fruits rare here